Cov yam ntxwv, cov khoom, kev faib tawm thiab cov hom duab ntawv

Nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub lub neej, cardboard puag ncig peb txhua txhia qhov chaw. Feem ntau, lub koom haum yog tsim nrog lub ntim khoom noj, khoom ua si, khau, lwm yam. Tab sis qhov tseeb, cov khoom siv no yog siv hauv kev lag luam, tsim kho, tsim, luam tawm thiab lwm yam lag luam. Cov duab ntawm ib daim duab, nws cov khoom thiab cov kev ua ntawm daim ntawv thov peb yuav xav txog txhua yam.

Txhais

Lo lus cardboard muaj Italian keeb kwm thiab txhais tau hais tias "muaj zog". Hauv peb lub teb chaws GOST R 53636-2009 "Cellulose, ntawv, duab los qhia. Cov ntsiab lus thiab txhais cov ntsiab lus ":" Feem ntau, lub sij hawm "daim ntawv" kuj tuaj yeem siv rau lub tswv yim ntawm "cardboard". Lub txim hluav taws xob ntawm daim ntawv thiab paperboard yog raws li feem rau ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm lawv cov thickness los yog loj ntawm ib thaj tsam ntawm 1 m ^2, thiab nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub lawv muaj nuj nqi. " Raw cov ntaub ntawv rau cov khoom noj khoom tawv ntoo yog cov tawv ntoo fibers. Yog li, daim duab no yog tib daim ntawv, tab sis muaj ntau qhov hnyav thiab ceev. Nrog ib tus neeg paub meej, qhov ciam teb ntawm ib lub ntsiab txhais meej. Nyob hauv kev xyaum, cov ntaub ntawv muaj zog, cov ntawv tuab thiab nyias nyias.

Ntaus ntawm tus qauv

Txhua hom ntawv nqa khoom muaj ib yam ua ke - multilayered. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg sab nraud (sab qaum thiab sab saud) muaj cov ntxhuav los yog khib nyiab, txaij ntoo lossis ntawv khib nyiab, ua ntej yuav bleached. Thiab sab hauv sau yog tsim los ntawm pheej yig fillers: pov tseg khoom, pov tseg daim ntawv, unbleached pov tseg daim ntawv. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias qhov qis thiab qib qis yuav raug muab sib npaug (yuav tsum muaj ob los yog peb-fawm). Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yog txiav txim los ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov yam ntxwv tsim tawm. Raws li ob peb lub zog, ib qho kev cai sib tw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav siv qhov chaw.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntawv qhia

Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev xaiv, suav nrog German thiab European. Hauv peb lub teb chaws koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov no:

• Los ntawm hom ntawm raw khoom: cellulose (cardboard los ntawm thawj raw cov ntaub ntawv), ntawv pov tseg, kraft-cardboard.
• Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov ntau lawm: coated, uncoated, nrum txheej, hromerzats, hromokarton, duplekskarton, triplekskarton, cellulose.
• Rau lub hom phiaj: thawv, luam ntawv, lim, rau kev lag luam, kev tsim, kev tsim kho.
• Raws li tag nrho cov-Lavxias teb sab kev cais: packing, lub teeb thiab luam ntawv kev lag luam, kev ua haujlwm rau ntau lub hom phiaj, kev tsim kho, lim, tsheb, lwm yam.

Lub European classification muaj ib lub npe ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cais cov hom ntawv raws li hom kev tsim khoom. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, rau txhua daim ntawv thov, yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv.

Cov khoom

GOST R 53636-2009 muab ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho ntawm cov duab los qhia thiab cov ntawv xa nrog cov ntaub ntawv txhim kho. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov hauv qab no:

• Dawb;
• Hws noo noo;
• Humidity (muaj dej nyob hauv cov khoom);
• Durability;
• Rigidity;
• Dabtsi yog khoov tawv;
• Rog permeability;
• Zog;
• Nyhav;
• Kev ceev, thiab lwm yam.

Raws li koj tau pom, kom thiaj li xaiv tau qee yam hom duab ntawv rau ib daim ntawv thov, xav txog ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv. Qhov twg? Qhov no yuav tham txog ntxiv.

Daim Ntawv Qhia. Hom thiab khoom

Xav txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom ua ke nrog cov khoom:

• Cellulose Board. Ib qho kev ua tshwj xeeb: nws ua tau zoo tshaj plaws luam tawm. Thiab vim yog siv cov ntaub ntawv raw, siv cov ntawv thov zaub mov, kev lag luam, thiab luam ntawv. Cov khoom zoo li no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi txaus thiab lub zog zoo zog. Yog li, lawv yog siv rau cov khoom muag tshwj xeeb, luam ntawv thiab ntim.
• Recycled cardboard. Muaj tsawg rigidity thiab luv nqi. Yuav siv tau ntau yam haujlwm. Thaum xaiv ib txheej txheem dua, koj yuav tsum tuav lub zog yam ntxwv thaum tus nqi ntawm cov khoom raug txo. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau khoom ntawm kev thov loj. Rau cov khoom noj, yuav tsum sib cais ntawm qhov khoom los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lub ntim no.
• Kraft-cardboard. Hais rau cov khoom siv ntshiab cellulose. Muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm tus nqi qis. Ib qho kev ua tshwj xeeb yog sab hauv ntawm lub unbleached.

Cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb

Kev tsim tus me nyuam tsim thiab tsim yog ob qho chaw zoo nkauj rau kev siv cov duab tha xim. Thiab yog tias ua ntej nws tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xij duab, ces rau hnub no qhov ntau haiv neeg tuaj yeem thov lub siab tshaj plaws kev xav thiab kev xav. Muaj hom kab xaum xim li cas?

• Ordinary xim. Nws yog ib sab thiab ob tog. Feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov keeb kwm yav dhau los.
• Cov duab. Feem ntau, xim keeb kwm yog siv rau cov qauv rov qab, cov ntsiab lus.
• Holographic. Tej yam khoom txawv, nws nthuav dav ntawm kev ua ub no rau cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov menyuam.
• Corrugated. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov xim, thiab Ntxiv mus yog voluminous. Cov khoom siv no tsis yog siv rau cov khoom siv xwb, tab sis kuj tsim kom tsim hom khoom ntim, vintage khoom rau sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj.

Hom ntawv duab rau cov ntawv ntim

Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no nws yog worthwhile mus nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej. Cardboard raws li ib tug pob khov kho nkag lub neej ntawm tus txiv neej. Txawm li cas los xij, seb koj puas tau mus xyuas ib lub khw muag khoom, khoom ua si lossis khoom siv hauv tsev, ntawm txhua qhov chaw koj yuav tuaj nqa khoom hauv ib lub thawv. Cov nram qab no hom ntim khoom ntawv yog qhov txawv: thawv thiab corrugated cardboard. Qhov thib ob yam yuav ua tau ib zaug-layered thiab multilayered. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus thawv rau txheej thawv. Qhov no yog hom ntim uas nrov tshaj plaws. Raws li nyias cardboard, nws tau pom nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov ntim, tsuas yog khoom noj khoom haus, tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam.

Thaum xaiv cov khoom ntim, cov nyiaj yuav raug them rau cov yeeb yam nram qab no:

• Rigidity;
• Zog;
• Teeb meem cev;
• Plumpness;
• Nyhav;
• Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos.

Cov koob npe ntawm cardboard ntim yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm zoo.

Cov txiaj ntsig

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov thawv rau khoom loj yog:

• Lub neej kev haum xeeb. Siv ntoo fibers lossis pov tseg ntawv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj zaug, kev nyiam huv yog pom, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, lub hav zoov tau khaws cia vim kev siv dua tshiab.
• Lub teeb yuag, lub zog, kev nruj. Thaum sib piv nrog cov ntawv xws li cov thawv polymer, cov thawv ntawv hlau, daim duab khwv yees hauv qhov hnyav, uas txuag nyiaj rau kev thauj mus los.
• Yooj yim ntawm kev cia. Ntau tus neeg siv cov thawv rau khoom siv ntau zaus. Thiab thaum lawv tsis xav tau nws, nteg tawm thiab tau txais daim phaj ntsa uas tsis tuaj yeem siv ntau qhov chaw.
• Recycling. Cov khoom siv no yog tshwj xeeb rau qhov uas nws tuaj yeem siv tau los sis muab pov tseg rau hauv ib qho yooj yim uas tsis ua rau thaj chaw.
• Tsawg nqi. Ntawm chav kawm, tus nqi yog nyob ntawm raw khoom siv los siv hauv cov khoom muag. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm hom khoom, daim duab los qhia yog tsawg dua.
• Ntau hom khoom ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nqa tawm ntau hom thawv ntawv thawv. Qhov no yog khoom plig me me, thiab zoo rau kev thauj cov rooj tog.

Nrog xws li ib daim ntawv teev cov zoo, ntawm chav kawm, muaj ob peb qhov teeb meem: opacity; Yog raug rhuav tshem nyob rau hauv qhov ncaj lub hwj ntawm noo noo. Thawj qhov teeb meem yog daws los ntawm qhov muab ntxig ntawm cov yeeb yaj duab polymer hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub qhov rais, qhov thib ob - los ntawm cov coating polymer tshwj xeeb. Duab los ntawm nws cov khoom sib txawv thiab tus nqi qis yuav yeej ib txwm muaj kev lom zem. Lwm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm qhov. Yog hais tias muaj tsuas yog deforestation, ces Ecology yuav txom nyem.