Cov reign ntawm Yaroslav cov Wise. Cov qhabnias ntawm lub reign ntawm Yaroslav cov Wise

Lub reign Yaroslava Mudrogo nyob rau hauv Kiev Rus muaj nyob tom kawg ntawm cov thawj thiab pib ntawm lub thib ob xyoo txhiab (txog 978-1054 xyoo.). Nws yog suav tias yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj rulers ntawm tsis tsuas yog Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Yaroslav Mudry ntau lub xyoo ntawm nws reign coj nqi zog ntawm Kiev rau ib tug tshiab puag ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb txoj kev loj hlob, nws lub teb chaws tau mus txog ib theem siab ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab cov tub rog lub hwj chim.

Cov tsab xov xwm piav txog tus reign ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo. Luv luv hais yooj yim tseeb ntawm nws biography thiab cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib.

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov neeg pej xeem Duke

Lub caij nyoog hnub nws yug los, historians, zaum tseem mus hais lus cam, muaj ntau qhov chaw qhia cov me nyuam yug xyoo ntawm 978 th. Nws txiv yog tus ua kevcai raus dej ntawm Rus Vladimir lub Great, thiab nws niam - Polonsky Princess Rogneda Rogvoldovna uas tub huabtais Vladimir coj quab yuam. Los ntawm no kev sib yuav nws muaj peb tug tub.

Raws li cov keeb kwm ntawm Yaroslav nws nyob ib lub neej ntev thiab tuag nyob rau hauv 75 xyoo. Nws tau los ua tus txwv zeej txwv koob ntau rulers nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Thawj txoj cai ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo luv luv hais nyob rau hauv lub "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo", ntawv los ntawm tus mlom Nestor.

Rostov tub huabtais

Thaum pib ntawm ywj siab txoj cai ntawm Yaroslav yog xav tau 988 xyoo, thaum nws txiv muab rau nws raws li ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub nqi zog Rostov. Qhov tiag hwj chim tau koom rau nws saib, leej twg coj tag nrho cov kev txiav txim siab, muab lub me hnub nyoog ntawm tus tub huabtais.

Keeb kwm pov thawj Rostov reign ntawm tub huabtais Yaroslava Mudrogo yuav luag tsis-existent. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm lub sij hawm yog tsis muaj mention txog qhov tseem ceeb keeb kwm tseeb muaj feem rau qhov Rostov nqi zog. Muaj ntau historians ntseeg hais tias tus reign ntawm tub huabtais Yaroslav cov Wise nyob rau hauv Rostov sau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub nroog hu ua nyob rau hauv nws yawm Yaroslavl. 1010 yog officially hauv lub xyoo ntawm nws lub hauv paus.

Thaum pib ntawm lub reign ntawm

Nyob rau hauv 1010 (1011), tom qab kev tuag ntawm ib tug ntawm cov laus tub Grand Duke Vladimir Vysheslav thiab tsis tooj mus rau kev cia siab, lub laus tus kwv tij ntawm Yaroslav Svyatopolk, Vladimir Yaroslav muab nws kav Novgorod. Piv nrog rau lub Rostov nqi zog ntawm Novgorod nws xam tau tias yog ntau dua, tab sis tus tub huabtais ntawm Novgorod twb subdued Kiev thiab yuav tsum tau them nws tribute.

Ntxeev siab tawm tsam nws tus txiv

Nyob rau hauv 1014 Yaroslav tsis kam them tribute rau Kiev thiab rebels tawm tsam nws txiv. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no revolt yog tus mus kom ze ntawm Vladimir rau nws tus tub, Boris, thiab lub tswv yim muab nws lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev. Tib yam vim li fav xeeb tawm tsam Vladimir eldest tus tub - Svyatopolk. Rau qhov no, nws tau txais mus rau tsev lojcuj thiab tseem nyob rau hauv captivity kom txog rau thaum kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv.

Yuav kom hais nws tus txiv, tub huabtais Vladimir, Yaroslav ntiav Vikings, tab sis cov tub rog tseem tsaug zog thiab trades robberies nyob rau hauv Novgorod nws tus kheej tshaj li yog cov neeg ncaj ncees txoj kev chim siab ntawm cov neeg ntawm Novgorod. Tus tub huabtais Vladimir nws tus kheej tsis muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv nqe ntaus rog nrog nws tus tub, raws li tus nqi zog ntawm Kiev hawv ua phem mus tua lub Pechenegs. Cov tub rog sib sau tiv thaiv Novgorod, xa mus rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua nrog steppe nomads. Lub taub hau ntawm ib pab tub rog ntawm Boris, raws li Vladimir ntawm lub sij hawm no yuav mus taus thiab cov neeg laus.

Tij Laug tiv thaiv tus tij laug

Confronting tus tub thiab leej txiv tsis tu tsis tseg nrog kev tuag ntawm Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha Lub Xya hli ntuj 15, 1015 Pes tsawg feem. Tab sis nws yuav pib ib lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ob tug kwv tij Svyatopolk thiab Jaroslav, rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev. Svyatopolk, nicknamed Damned neeg nyob rau txoj kev mus rau lub zwm txwv tua peb ntawm nws cov kwv tij.

Ob peb lub sij hawm Yaroslav thiab Svyatopolk raug foom tsis tau ntsib nyob rau hauv ib cov confrontation. Nyob rau hauv 1018 nws coj muab cov decisive sib ntaus sib tua. Svyatopolk thiab nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj, cov Polish King Boleslaw lub siab tawv, dua invaded lub Kievan Rus. Lub sij hawm no lawv yeej Yaroslav, uas rov qab mus rau Novgorod thiab xav khiav mus rau Scandinavia. Txawm li cas los, tus tub huabtais ntawm Novgorod twb yuam kom mus ntxiv cov kev sib ntaus. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1019 nyob rau hauv tus dej Alt Svyatopolk nws raug thaum kawg yeej thiab khiav. Raws li ib co keeb kwm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau hauv teb chaws Poland overtook nws thiab tua cov tub rog Yaroslav. Tab sis mus nyob lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev Yaroslav tsis muaj hurry, vim hais tias cov cai los mus yaum nws lawm tub thiab kwv tij Mstislav Bryachislav.

Cov tawm tsam rau Kiev

Nyob rau hauv 1019, Yaroslav yuav ib tug thib ob lub sij hawm. Nws fiancee - Swedish ntxhais fuabtais Ingigerda (nyob rau hauv Orthodoxy Irina). Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov thawj tus poj niam ntawm Yaroslav yog Norwegian, nws lub npe yog Anna, nws thiab nws tus viv ncaus None tau yuav los ntawm lub Tug thiab mus ib txhis raug txhom nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland. Alliance nrog Ingigerda ntau soj ntsuam ntawm xav txog ib tug nom tswv khiav tawm Yaroslav mus tshem tawm tsis ruaj tsis khov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Swedes.

Cov tawm tsam rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev cov kwv tij tseem mus nqa nyob rau uas ua tau zoo kom txog rau thaum 1026, thaum Mstislav tsis yeej Yaroslav troops thiab tsiv lub capital nyob rau hauv Chernigov. Tub huabtais nws muaj rau zaum nyob rau hauv Kiev, thiab muab lub tebchaws kev tswj ntawm lub Dnieper, tawm hauv Yaroslav tag nrho cov cai ntug dej hiav txwv. Nws twb kos npe rau ib thaj yeeb treaty. Tab sis txawm yog hais tias tus tswv ntawm lub Kiev zwm txwv, Yaroslav Novgorod tsis tawm mus txog rau thaum txoj kev tuag ntawm Mstislav, uas yog, kom txog thaum 1035, ntseeg hais tias cov neeg ntawm Novgorod los pab txhawb nws nyob rau hauv txhua yam. Tsuas yog tom qab kev tuag ntawm Mstislav nyob rau hauv 1035 nws los ua ib tug autocrat Kievan Rus Yaroslav Mudry. Kav nws pib flowering lub sij hawm Rus.

Kom tsis txhob pab leg ntaubntawv mus rau lub Kievan zwm txwv los ntawm nws tus tij laug, kav nyob rau hauv Pskov, Yaroslav Sudislava kaw qhov taub nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj.

Chronology ntawm hostilities

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub reign ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo muaj ntau neeg ua tim khawv rau lub hostilities. Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv:

• 1029 - ib tug phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv kev pab tiv thaiv Mstislav rhawv zeb, lawv ntiab tawm ntawm Tmutarakani (tam sim no Krasnodar);
• 1031 - Lub peb hlis ntuj ua ke nrog Mstislav Tug, raws li ib tug tshwm sim tau kov yeej lub nroog ntawm Przemysl, thiab cua nab;
• 1036 - ib tug yeej tshaj cov rog ntawm lub Pechenegs thiab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lawv raids ntawm ancient Russia;
• 1040 thiab 1044 xyoo - cov tub rog txiav txim tawm tsam Lithuania.

Cov qhabnias ntawm lub reign ntawm Yaroslav cov Wise. Txoj thiab tsoom fwv

Innings Grand Duke muaj 37 xyoo. Cov reign ntawm Yaroslava Mudrogo yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm rov qab nqi zog ntawm Kiev, thaum ntau European lub xeev nrhiav cov tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv alliance nrog nws. Raws li ib tug txawj ntse politician Yaroslav Mudry nyiam tej tub rog ua diplomacy. Nws pragmatically txheej txheem kev sib yuav ntawm lawv kaum me nyuam thiab lwm cov txheeb ze nrog nyob sab Europe rulers uas tau txais kev pab raws li lub teb chaws ruaj ntseg cov hom phiaj. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws twb them ib tug nominal txhua xyoo khoom plig mus rau cov Varangians - 300 hryvnia nyiaj, uas yog heev me me, tab sis kom thaj yeeb nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ciam teb rau lwm.

Yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas rau lub hwj chim ua Yaroslav Mudry. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign nws siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub strengthening ntawm cov tub rog lub hwj chim, tab sis kuj rau lub neej ntawm tus dais nyob rau hauv lub xeev raws li txoj cai. Thaum nws tau txais los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj raws li tsab cai thiab cov cai ntawm kev cai lij choj "Qhov tseeb Yaroslav", uas yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau ancient ib feem ntawm tus sau los cov kev cai "Lavxias teb sab tseeb" ancient cai.

Yog ib tug educated txiv neej, Jaroslav mob siab txog kev kawm ntawv kawm: nws yuav qhib thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab tsev qiv ntawv. Tus thawj nyob rau hauv Russia, lub tsev qiv ntawv tau qhib rau lawv nyob rau hauv St. Sophia Cathedral.

Nws lub tswv yim yog nyob rau lwm tseem ceeb qhov teeb meem - lub hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm lub hwj chim. Civil tsov kev rog, uas raged ntawm lub receivers, tau plunged rau hauv lub teb chaws mus rau hauv puas thiab puas tsuaj, weakening nws thiab ua ib qho yooj yim prey rau txawv teb chaws yeeb ncuab. Feem ntau cov neeg thov lub siab thaj nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej txaus siab rau ntiav ib tug txawv teb chaws cov tub rog uas rampaged thiab looted cov pejxeem. Jaroslav li ib tug txawj ntse politician, yeej to taub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho cov kev hloov ntawm lub hwj chim, tab sis qhov teeb meem yeej tsis tau daws nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau txoj kev tuag.

kev cai dab qhuas uas siv

Cov qhabnias ntawm lub reign ntawm Yaroslav cov Wise tsis yog tas rau kev nom kev tswv achievements. Nws puas tau npaum li cas mus ntxiv dag zog cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1051 Lavxias teb sab lub tsev teev ntuj thaum kawg freed los ntawm nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Constantinople, thawj nws tus kheej raug xaiv nyob rau Episcopal Cathedral ntawm Metropolitan Hilarion. Thaum lub Koom Txoos txhais ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm Byzantine phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv xov xwm los ntawm lub txhab nyiaj faib loj nyiaj.

Yaroslava Mudrogo txoj cai puag cim plurality monasteries thiab lub koom txoos. Monasteries Crypt, St. Irene, St. George twb honored tsis tau tsuas yog lub tsev teev ntuj tab sis kuj cov kev coj thiab kev cai cov chaw zov me. Nyob rau hauv 1037, kev tsim kho pib rau tus naas ej St. Sophia Cathedral, uas tom qab faus seem ntawm Yaroslav. Los ntawm nws kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv 1036-1037 gg. ua tus naas ej Golden Rooj vag ntawm Kiev, uas nyob rau hauv ib lub hom phiaj ntawm Yaroslav, yuav tsum ua lub cim lub zog ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Orthodoxy nyob rau hauv Kievan Rus.