Cov painting "Noj tshais aristocrat" Fedorov. Hauj lwm ntawm cov duab

Lom zem thiab satire nyob ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv peb lub neej. Lub siab xav mus ua kev lom zem ntawm ib tug neeg (raws li nyob rau hauv zoo thiab nyob rau hauv kev phem, cynical yam) yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua tus. Art yog tsis muaj exception. Poets, sau ntawv, ua yeeb yam thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm yam tswv yim professions them cov xim nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ruam thiab absurd, uas yuav ua rau xim tshiab nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Qhov tseeb ntawm tej motives coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov kev cai lub neej ntawm lub zej zog tau ntau xyoo dhau los.

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab satirical painting occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw Pavel Andreevich Fedotov. "Noj tshais aristocrat" - ib daim duab, lub npe hu kuj nyob rau hauv tus neeg sau lub npe "tsis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm cov qhua", uas yog ib qho ntawm feem nto moo thiab coj tej hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg pleev.

Lub neej thiab txoj hmoo ntawm cov artist

Pavel Andreevich Fedotov yug nyob rau lub rau hli ntuj 22 (Lub Xya hli ntuj 4) nyob rau hauv 1815 nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nws txiv yog ib tug retired tub ceev xwm thiab tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv lub Moscow council decorum. Nyob rau hauv 1826, Paul los ua ib tug thwj tim ntawm tus Moscow Cadet Corps, kawm tiav nrog rau honors, thiab ces tau txais kev pab 10 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg Finland tso kom muaj kab muaj kev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv chav kawm ntawv Academy of Arts thiab tsis ntev nws tau los ua lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub vos voj voog ua tsaug rau nws txuj ci thiab tawm los ntawm nyob rau hauv nws txhuam regimental ib hom ntawv nyeem sketches, playful, romantic drawings, raws li zoo raws li portraits ntawm khub tub rog. Nws ua hauj lwm tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm tsis tsuas yog cov khub tub rog, tab sis kuj cov tsev neeg ntawm cov huab tais, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txais mus rau lub rooj huas tias, Grand Duke Alexander Nikolaevich. Tshwj xeeb ob paintings raug sau los ntawm nws kev txiav txim.

Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo nyob rau hauv 1844, cov kev pab cuam, Fedotov txiav txim siab mus devote nws tus kheej rau kev sau ntawv thiab txuas ntxiv mus xyuas lub Academy, uas yog lub chav kawm ntawv sib ntaus sib tua painting. Tab sis nws yog tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv nws, thiab tsis ntev lub artist tsiv nyob ze rau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem, hu ua nws tsis tsuas yog raws li ib tug ncaj ncees-ib qho tseem ceeb scenes ntawm lub neej niaj hnub, uas muaj xws li cov painting "Noj tshais aristocrat", sau nyob rau hauv 1850. Ob xyoos ua ntej lawm, nyob rau hauv 1848, nws qhia tau hais tias nws ua hauj lwm Karl Pavlovich Briullov, uas txo nws hwj nws siab qhab nia thiab xav txhawb Fedotov.

Nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, Paul A. tsim paintings uas tau ua piv txwv ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem painting thiab ua kev lom zem ntawm tag nrho cov essence ntawm lub neej ntawm lub privileged strata ntawm kev kawm zej zog. Nws tuag 14 (26) nyob rau hauv Kaum ib hlis 1852 nyob rau hauv ib tug lub tsev kho mob rau lub hlwb mob tom qab lub exacerbation ntawm kev puas hlwb mob thiab raug faus nyob rau hauv lub Smolensk tojntxas nyob hauv St. Petersburg.

Creativity Pavel Fedotov

Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, lub ntsiab ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm cov artist los ua ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1846 nws pib mus rau tus txheej txheem ntawm cov roj painting nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv canvas "Lub tshiab cavalier." Ib xyoo tom qab, Paul A. pleev xim rau "choosy nkauj nyab", rau cov uas nws twb tau muab cov npe ntawm Academician, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 1848 pom lub teeb ntawm lub painting "Courting loj", uas tau coj nws ua ntej qhov chaw ntawm cov domestic scenes ntxias.

Nyob rau hauv 1850 (Lub ob hlis ntuj rau lub Tsib Hlis) Fedotov yog nyob rau hauv Moscow, qhov twg lub painting "Noj tshais aristocrat" tiav lawm, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas pib nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Tom qab ntawd sau canvas "poj ntsuam", daim zajlus ntawm uas tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm nws tus txiv tus muam tus ib tug artist. Qhov kawg ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog "Encore, Encore!" Thiab "Players". Tom qab hais tias, noj qab haus huv yog tsis tau tso cai rau ua hauj lwm rau, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias nws tau tsim, tau tshuav nws cov cim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation

Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, nyob rau hauv 1850 lub artist kawm tiav los ntawm ib tug ntawm nws nto moo tshaj plaws paintings "Noj tshais aristocrat." Cov painting Fedotova, sau ntawv tom qab lub resounding zoo "Courting loj", twb tshwm sim los ntawm satires, tus sau nws lub npe tseem tsis paub hais (tej zaum, nws yog ces ib tug hluas txawj sau ntawv Ivan Goncharov): "Thiab yog hais tias koj sim ntawd tuaj rau cov neeg zoo li lub tsev thiab pom lawv surprise? "kuv hais tias nws yog heev nyob ze rau qhov artist, thiab qhov uas yooj yim kawg yog rau tag nrho siv no daim ntawv qhia. Txawm li cas los, cov neeg pleev kob tsis succumb mus rau lub temptation, thiab captures lub caij ua ntej nws.

Yuav ua li cas peb pom nyob hauv daim duab?

Undoubtedly, tus tsom xam tsim nyog ua dab tsi yog xwm li nyob rau ib qho ntawm feem coj paintings, uas Povlauj sau Fedotov, "Noj tshais ntawm ib tug aristocrat." Hauj lwm ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau tiag tiag li xim sib haum mus rau dab tsi lub artist nqa los ntawm lawv cov tswv yim zoo txhim. Nws ridiculing tib neeg vices nyob rau hauv tag nrho lawv ces.

Nrhiav nyob rau painting, peb pom ib tug hluas nobleman, ntshai yuav tsum vov lub loaf ntawm dub cij, uas yog tag nrho ntawm nws thaum sawv ntxov noj mov, thaum lub suab ntawm footsteps intruder. Ib tug artist nyob rau hauv txhua lwm tus lub hero yog muab layout: ib lub thawv los ntawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv luam lawj ntawm phaib nyob rau hauv lub rooj, taw tes rau kev twv txiaj; yuav tsum vov yooj yim noj tshais phau ntawv, nyob rau hauv uas yog ib tug ntawm lub zam thaum lub sij hawm ntawm novels luam tawm; Advertising zog thiab theatrical kawm oysters muab tso rau hauv lub rooj (lub xeem mus ntsib yog obligatory yam taw tes uas rau secular hluas ntxhais hluas ntawm lub sij hawm); dandified hnav khaub ncaws tsho tshaj sab, sewn nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb Paris fashions.

Tab sis qhov tseem eloquent caij, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav daim duab piav qhia Fedotova "Noj tshais aristocrat" - li lawm thiab muab hauv ib tug lub hnab tawv pojniam. Cov artist nyob rau hauv nws cov yam ntxwv yam ridicules hlub lawv thiab congenial ntsiab lus: tib neeg siab hlob, siab hlob, ostentatious lub neej, ua tib zoo muab zais nyob rau hauv lub daim npog qhov ncauj ntawm kev txom nyem ntawm lwm tus zoo thiab ci. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ua cim yog tso tawm rau lub hom ntaub khov heev yog raug rau lub sij hawm, uas tsis tawm tej yam tsis ntseeg txog qhov tseeb ntawm zaj dab neeg, uas muab Fedotov.

hmoo tej hauj lwm

Tam sim no, lub painting "Noj tshais aristocrat", nrog rau lwm yam tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm los ntawm cov artist, yog nyob rau hauv Moscow, nyob rau lub xeev Tretyakov Gallery nyob rau hauv Lavrushinsky Lane. Thaum lub sij hawm, Pavel Tretyakov, founder ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej, muaj peev xwm sau ib co tsawg nraaj tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm creativity Fedotov. Niaj hnub no, lawv yog muab nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm lub gallery, tab sis tsis tshaaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej. Paintings, daig nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib txoos xwb tom qab, ib feem ntawm mus tas li exhibition. Qhov no painting "Noj tshais aristocrat", uas ua qhov kev kawm ntawm no tsab xov xwm, raws li zoo raws li paintings "Courting Major", yog ib lub sau phau ntawv lub luam "poj ntsuam", "Cov cavalier" thiab "intelligibility nkauj nyab."

Tus nqi creation Paul Fedotov nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab painting

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog reflected nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, cov artist, yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate. Nws yog rightly hu ua tus founder ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv lub visual arts raws li ib tug tseem ceeb heev realism. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem uas muaj tswv yim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws peculiar rau nws nyob rau hauv thaum pib piled zaj nkauj nrog ib tug ntau ntawm qhov chaw kuv tau tsiv mus rau ib tug ntau yooj yim thiab tej yam ntuj tso txoj kev. Nws paintings muaj nrees rooted nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm ib tug tshiab ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm satirical paintings nrog lub teb chaws cov xim, uas tau muab rau hauv av rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yam.