Cov kab lus raws li ib chav tsev ntawm syntax. hom nqe lus

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm cov lus - syntax. Basic chav tsev ntawm syntax - ib tug kab lus, kab lus, ntawv nyeem. Lawv yog cov kawm ntawm nws txoj kev kawm. Lub qis tshaj lub caij nyob rau hauv lub hierarchy yog cov kab lus. Raws li ib chav tsev ntawm syntax, nws plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias nws yog los ntawm cov chav nyob yog ua tau thiab muaj ntxiv ntawv.

lub ntsiab txhais

Ib tug los yog ntau lo lus ua ke nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm yog grammatically thiab ua li cov lus. Cov syntactic units yog yooj yim txawv los ntawm cov proposals.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum pom lub ntsiab lus thiab cov tub. Tus thawj - uas los ntawm uas cov nqe lus nug yog nug. Qhov thib ob - mus uas nws yog muab tso rau. Cia peb xav txog ib qho piv txwv: lub caij nplooj zeeg cua. Cua (dab tsi?) Caij nplooj zeeg. Txij li thaum cov nqe lus nug yog cov cua ntawm cov lo lus - nws yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Raws li, lub caij nplooj zeeg - nyob.

Grammatically, cov lus yog kev cob cog rua ntawm terminals los yog prepositions. Nws tseem ceeb heev qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov lo lus thiab semantic contiguity.

Nws tsis yog ib tug kab lus

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias kab lus yuav tsis tau. Firstly, lub grammatical hauv paus. Qhov tseeb yog ib qho yooj yim los ua pov thawj, vim hais tias cov neeg sib txuas lus nrog txhua lwm yam, hais lus thiab sau ntawv, nws muaj. Cov kab lus - ib yam ntawm cov building blocks uas los tsim kom tau ib tug ntau sophisticated kev sib txuas lus unit. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj cov proposals uas muaj xws li ib lo lus. Cov kab lus - nws yog tsawg kawg yog ob tokens.

Ob, lub homogeneous qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus thiab yuav tsis poob mus rau hauv qeb ntawm tsawg heev syntactic units. Yog vim li cas? Cov kev twb kev txuas ntawm lawv yog tsis subordinative dab tsi yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov kab lus, thiab coordinative (tsis tau muab tso rau cov nqe lus nug).

Peb, ib tug zoo kawg ib feem ntawm tus hais lus nrog adjoining nqi hluav taws xob yuav tsis tau cais nyob rau hauv cov kab lus. Raws li ib chav tsev ntawm syntax, nws yog lub ntsiab lus. Ib tug qhia tawm embodiment - cia li ib daim ntawv ntawm cov lo lus.

Plaub, yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsis meej pem complex grammatical cov ntaub ntawv thiab syntax units. Piv txwv li, lub neej yav tom ntej lub sij hawm los yog conjunctive imperative, degree ntawm kev sib piv thiab lwm tus neeg.

Fifth, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob cov lus tau poob lawv cov grammatical thiab semantic kev twb kev txuas hauv idioms. Yog li ntawd, erroneous hais tias kab lus no. Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm syntax, nws yuav tsum tau yuav muaj li ntawm ncaj lus.

Hom ntawm Main lus

Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus yog ib qho tseem ceeb lo lus paim npe, hais lus, adverbial kab lus. Raws li ib chav tsev ntawm syntax, nws yog heev ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Peb muab cov piv txwv ntawm txhua yam ntawm syntactic units.

1. Raws nraim. Lawv ntsiab lus - nws yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Rooj ua los ntawm cov ntoo (noun), tseem ceeb rau hauv lub qhov muag (chaw), peb cov phooj ywg (tus nab npawj), txhua yam uas koj xav tau (qhov chaw).
2. Lus. Ntawm no, lub ntsiab lo lus tej zaum yuav ncaj qha ib feem ntawm kev hais lus ntawm tib lub npe thiab tej txhais me me, gerund. Piv txwv li: ib sab saib (qhia txog kev ua), tab tom nrhiav rau ib sab (tej txhais me me), nrhiav ib sab (gerund).
3. Adverbial. Heev zoo, txoj cai nyob rau hauv tus dej, sib sib zog nqus mus rau hauv lub hav zoov.

Kev sib txuas lus kom sib haum

Kab lus thiab kab lus raws li lub hauv paus ntawm syntax yog heev uas zoo sib xws kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws lub Cheebtsam ua ke. Yog li, lub tswv yim yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw subordinative, coordinative thiab conjunctionless link. Whereas nyob rau hauv cov kab lus heev dua lwm yam subordinative. Txawm li cas los, nws yog muab faib ua ob peb hom. Ua ntej, xav txog hais tias - kev pom zoo.

Nyob rau hauv no hom ntawm kev sib txuas lus yuav tsum tau ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub ntsiab lo lus nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev tam sim no, tus naj npawb thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Cia peb kawm seb feem dab tsi ntawm kev hais lus tej zaum yuav cheebtsam hauv kev sib koom tes:

Kev sib txuas lus tswj

Kab lus thiab kab lus raws li ib chav tsev ntawm syntax tsim peb hais lus, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum to taub cov txheej txheem uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv. Lwm txuas ntawm cov lus yog cov tswj. Nyob rau hauv nws lub ntsiab lus, hloov nws tus kheej, tsis tau ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub nyob nyob rau hauv ib co daim ntawv. Tsim feature - tsis tsuas kawg li nyob rau kev sib koom tes, tab sis kuj yog ib tug zam txim rau. Ntxiv mus, lub caij nyoog kawg no yog ntau heev.

Cia peb xav txog lub ntsiab ntawm kev xaiv thiab nyob lus nyob rau hauv xws nqe lus.

Kev sib txuas lus contiguity

Cov kab lus raws li ib chav tsev ntawm syntax yuav muaj tsis pub dhau rau lawv tus kheej xwb tsis grammatical kev sib raug zoo, tab sis kuj lub ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov nyob lo lus yuav raug txuas mus rau lub ntsiab xwb nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus. Xws li ib tug daim ntawv cog lus no yog hu ua adjacently.

Txij li thaum lub nyob lo lus txuas yog lub ntsiab lus, nws yog ib zajlus kom muaj kev pov plob hais tias cov lus yog tag nrho cov immutable qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus thiab lo lus cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm no lawv muaj.

Khoom thiab dawb lub

yam ntxwv piav saum toj no yog tsis yog tas rau cov kab lus raws li ib chav tsev syntax. Hom ntawm cov nqe lus tseem txhais ntxwv nta. Yog li ntawd, faib tej yam yooj yim thiab complex units. Tus thawj muaj ob tug tseem ceeb lus: ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, ntoo qhov rais, tsis muaj zoo. Ob, complex, koom nrog peb tseem ceeb lus nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg: lub poetic lus ntawm Gogol, lub qhov rais hauv lub tswv rooj paim, kuv nyiam cov phau ntawv.

Cov phau ntawv txhais lus richness siv cov kab lus raws li ib chav tsev ntawm syntax. Hom relatedness nqe lus ntawm Cheebtsam - dawb thiab lawm. Cov yav tas los xws li ywj siab neeg muaj, piv txwv li, cov kev kawm thiab cov ntsiab lus (rau lwm sab), ib tug predicate thiab circumstance (dag nyob rau hauv lub txaj), thiab lwm tus neeg.

Tag nrho cov tib nqe lus yog ib tug, indivisible tug tswv cuab ntawm proposals: tag nrho cov (? Tej) los ntawm me me mus rau loj, nws tau ua hauj lwm (yuav ua li cas?) Ua lwj ua liam.

Nws pib nrog txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov nqe lus mus kawm xws li ib tug complex seem li cov syntax ntawm cov lus. Basic chav tsev ntawm syntax - ib tug kab lus, kab lus, text - koj yuav tsum paub zoo heev. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no peb yuav hais txog cov ntawv zoo nkauj heev thiab hais lus.