Caj dab: lub npe laus. Outdated paub cov ntsiab lus: npe ntawm lub cev qhov chaw

Cov lus yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov ntawm obsolete lus tshiab. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tawm mus ntawm cov lus ntawm, vim hais tias nws disappears los ntawm kev siv ntawm cov kwv, uas lawv hu ua, piv txwv li, lub "hoob nyob sab sauv" (dav berth ntawm lub qhov cub thiab cov phab ntsa) los yog "lub tsho tiv no" (ib yam ntawm sab sauv tsoos tsho). Thiab lwm leej lwm tus yog maj hloov los ntawm tshiab. Piv txwv li, displacing cov niaj hnub lo lus "caj dab" obsolete lub npe ntawm no yog ib feem ntawm lub cev - "caj dab ntawm." A "tawv muag daj" tau ntev tau hloov los ntawm ib tug niaj hnub version ntawm "mus ib txhis."

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm uas peb yuav tham txog cov disappeared los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus lub npe ntawm tib neeg lub cev qhov chaw thiab zoo li cas ntawm archaisms, thiab mus txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau siv niaj hnub no.

Outdated paub cov ntsiab lus: lub cev qhov chaw

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj ib lub tswv yim dab tsi yuav tau hu rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub, peb muab ib tug luv luv daim ntawv teev cov lawv cov npe synonymous nrog cov niaj hnub:

• nws cov plaub hau - cov plaub hau;
• ntsej muag - lub ntsej muag;
• brow - ib tug hauv pliaj;
• tawv muag daj - tawv muag;
• lub kua - tus tub ntxhais kawm;
• puab tsaig - lub puab tsaig;
• os - lub qhov ncauj;
• daim di ncauj - daim di ncauj;
• caj dab ntawm - lub caj dab;
• sab tes xis - txoj cai txhais tes;
• Shuitsev - sab laug tes;
• ntiv tes - tus ntiv tes;
• Tes - xibtes;
• conductors - cov hlab ntsha;
• Mosley - pob txha;
• cev nqaij daim tawv - lub cev;
• tej tub tej ki - hip;
• Pes - txhais ceg.

Thiab koj yuav saib tau cov duab rau clarity.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, peb contemporaries, Yog hais tias tsis yog ib tug linguist, nws yog yooj yim kom to taub cov lus piav qhia ntawm tej yam kab mob, qhov no nyob rau hauv lub hnub qub. Sim pab txhais lus, piv txwv li, xws li ib tug ua ke - "nws zakozhnik rau stems." Cov lus no "caj dab ntawm" thiab "zakozhnik" - outdated lub npe. "Caj dab" thiab "haus" - uas yog lawv niaj hnub counterparts. Yog li ntawd, lub mob hloov tawm mus rau yuav tsum tau, "nws rhaub rau nws lub caj dab." Ib tug ua ke ntawm "yob-swb," tsis yog hais txog mus rau lub caij ntuj no kev lom zem. Laub hu ua lub mandible - li no, nyob rau hauv cov piv txwv saum toj no hais txog nws cov pob txha lov ua los yog dislocation.

Yuav ua li cas yog archaisms

Dhau caij nyoog lub npe - ib tug caj dab (caj dab ntawm) cov hlab ntsha (leeg), ob lub qhov muag (ob lub qhov muag), tus menyuam kawm ntawv (Zenica), thiab lwm cov neeg uas muaj npe saum toj no mus rau archaisms. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kawm yam lus no yog hu ua lexical khoom uas yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub hais lus, raws li lawv tau hloov los ntawm txhais, tab sis lawv tseem yuav tsum tau siv raws li ib tug stylistically cim (uas yog, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam style, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kos duab los yog ua lag ua luam).

Lawv yog cov kam siv tus sau phau ntawv ntawm cov keeb kwm novels, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia tus plig ntawm cov era, raws li zoo raws li paj huam, xav ua kom muab nws tej hauj lwm hauv high style. Yog li ntawd, txawm lub fact tias cov lexical units tau raug thawb tawm ntawm qhov kev siv, lawv tsis tau zoo kiag li.

Muaj ntau obsolete lus tseem nyob ua ib ke raws li ib feem ntawm tsim kab zauv:

• tej nyiaj txiag yog nws;
• nyob rau hauv lub blink ntawm ib lub qhov muag;
• Hough tuav (Hough - rear sab ntawm lub hauv caug, popliteal fossa);
• ntiv tes taw;
• ib tug raws li ib tug ntiv tes;
• kua muag leeg;
• ntiab tawm vzashey (xaws los yog rov qab ntawm lub caj dab - raws li lub caj dab ntawm - sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub niaj hnub lo lus "caj dab").

Laus lub npe yuav rau ua lo lus tshiab

Nws tsis yog tsawg, thiab derivatives ntawm obsolete lus tau dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, lo lus "qhov rais" nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tsim lub outdated - "muag". Qhov tseeb hais tias lub qhov rais nyob rau hauv lub tsev ua ntej ua ib tug sib npaug zoo thiab yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ntsia zoo li ob lub qhov muag. Nws muaj ntev qhov rais nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov vaj tse, lub los yog square, thiab lub npe thiab sab laug. Los ntawm cov ntau tshaj ib tus ntawm cov lo lus ( "ob lub qhov muag"), tshiab lexical khoom coj qhov chaw - "thiab evidny", "nyob rau hauv Theological thiab", "pts ntawm nick", "pts ki".

Thiab lo lus "caj dab" laus lub npe - "caj dab ntawm." Los ntawm nws twb tsim qhov qhia txog kev "rau quaj," uas yog, "ua guttural suab." Tau rho los ntawm kev siv ntawm cov lo lus xws ntiv tes tau tsim dua tus paub npe raws li "tus ntiv tes rau lub app," "tus ntiv tes ntawm Ntxoov ntxoo", "perch atki". Los ntawm cov qub lus lub qhov ncauj thiab lub koos muaj lawv cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub - "lub qhov ncauj tshiab", "naiz s lub qhov ncauj", "rd lub qhov ncauj" thiab "cov neeg kos".

Siv outdated lus nyob rau hauv niaj hnub siv cov tshuaj ua lag ua luam lus

Tej cov npe ntawm lub cev qhov chaw yog fwm nyob rau hauv kev kho mob terminology. Piv txwv li, lub ancient lo lus metatarsus denoting ko taw, muab yug mus rau lub npe ntawm tus taw pob txha, muaj raws ntawm tsib lub raj - "metatarsal".

Tib neeg lub duav nyob rau hauv Russia twb hu ua "sighs", thiab lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub tav - "ib tug sigh." cov lus no los ntawm txhua hnub hais lus tau ntev txij li thaum zoo, tab sis lub kws kho mob, gastroenterologist los yog kws phais neeg, lub sij hawm "iliac" hais tias ib tug ntau. Qhov no yog precisely lub ib feem ntawm lub cev uas yog nyob rau hauv qab lub ribs.

Outdated paub cov ntsiab lus siv nyob rau hauv hauj-ua lag ua luam style. Piv txwv li, lo lus "ua", "lub tsheb", "tam sim no" thiab ceev "yog txuas mus rau tej no," "nyob rau hauv daim ntawv" tau feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub official xov xwm los yog nyob rau hauv kev hais plaub ntug xyaum.

Kev siv cov archaisms nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem

Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, cov kev siv ntawm obsolete lus nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog ib txoj kev muab ib tug hais lus expressiveness. Heev feem ntau cov txheej txheem no yog paj huam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub lub suab zog npaum li cas tshaj lub "ntiv tes", "sab plhu" los yog "caj dab" laus lub npe ntawm cov cev - "ntiv tes", "lub puab tsaig" thiab "caj dab ntawm."

Archaisms muab artistic hais lus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb thiab sublime suab:

"Xyoo tas los no. Koj dua ib zaug nrog kuv,

Tab sis tu siab hluas zog tuaj brow,

Ob lub qhov muag podernulis anguish,

Ris tsho hmoov av txav "(IB Apukhtin).

Txawm li cas los, feem ntau lawv siv, thiab nrog ironic overtones. Piv txwv li: "Uas niam txiv yuav tsis xav pom koj tus me nyuam txoj kev to taub cov ntawv thiab niag txhua yam rau tus yoov! Tab sis ntau heev pheej npaj siab yuav ua rau cov me nyuam ntawm ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb tsis. Yog vim li cas? ". Cov txheej txheem no yog heev nyob rau hauv skits los yog satirical tsab ntawv.

Uas tsis nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm obsolete lus

Sim rau decorate cov ntawv nyeem thiab qhia tawm ib tug nplua nuj paub cov ntsiab lus, ib co sau phau ntawv siv cov archaisms, tsis tau noj mus rau hauv tus account lawv paub qhia tej lo coloring. Vim li no, cov ntawv nyeem zoo tsis los yog nws zoo nkaus li lub ambiguity: "Tus tswv sai sai pom lub lag luam kev txawj ntse ntawm nws saib xyuas ..." los yog "Tab sis tus hluas tub ceev xwm ntxub txawm tus xav li cas txawm nyo nws lub caj dab ua ntej cov tub ceev xwm ...". Raws li koj tau pom, muaj yog kom meej meej tsis obsolete lus. "Caj dab" thiab "pom" yuav ntau nyob rau hauv kom nrog tus style.

Ib co sau phau nyob rau hauv lub siv ntawm tej lus distort lawv lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li: "Lub rooj sib tham tau qhib tsis kaj siab tseeb ...". Tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias lub archaic "ncaj ncees" - yog synonymous uas niaj hnub chaw "ncaj ncees" thiab nws yuav muab tag nrho rau cov lo lus "thuam". Tus sau yog kom meej meej kam qhia tsis zoo tus neeg mob, tiam sis tsis yooj yim yuav tau xav txog lub ntsiab tseeb ntawm lawv cov kev siv ntawm obsolete lus.