Cov feem nrov thiab zoo tshaj plaws-paub yam tsiaj ntawm cov dev

Tus aub yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj tsiaj nyeg los ntawm tus txiv neej, thiab nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm los ntawm no taw tes ib tug ob peb puas txhiab xyoo, lawv yeej tsis tau ncaim. Thiab yog hais tias nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov rau theem nyob rau hauv cov tailed thiab ntse plaub-legged creatures, peb pog koob yawg koob ntsia raws li thawj, thiab txawm noj lawv cov nqaij rau cov zaub mov, thiab daim tawv nqaij - rau cov khaub ncaws, tab sis niaj hnub no lawv yog rau ntau ntawm peb yog mej zeej ntawm lub tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg zoo tshaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, rau ntau cov yug me nyuam dev tau los ua ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub neej. Nws yog yog li ntawd nthuav mus nrhiav seb yog dab tsi nto moo tshaj plaws aub yug menyuam, yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv tag nrho cov twb muab tau, thiab ntsia zoo li lub thawj cov tib neeg ntawm no subspecies.

Tus thawj tib neeg pab

Zaum ntseeg tau hais tias dev twb nyeg txog 135 txhiab xyoo dhau los lawv pog koob yawg koob tau hma thiab jackals. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ib tug assumption uas tsis tau tsuas yog tus txiv neej sim nyeg tus hma, tab sis cov tsiaj lawv tus kheej, tsis tau clarified yog vim li cas, sab laug lawv tej yaaj tej tshws thiab tsiv mus nyob ze rau cov neeg. Raws li archaeological tshawb pom, tus thawj ib yam tsiaj uas dev, bred nyob rau hauv lub Paleolithic era nyob rau hauv Ixayees, Iraq thiab Syria, twb mus txog 60 cm, thiab feem ntau me me (luv dua 45 cm) tau nyob rau hauv Switzerland, nyob rau hauv Fabkis, Spain thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Rau cov dev loj, ib qho kev nce ntawm ntau tshaj 60 cm, lawv ib co kua nplaum twb pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations ntawm qhov kev koom rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub lub teb chaws Yelemees, Zog ntawm Guj kuj thiab Ukraine.

kev faib

Yuav tsum tam sim ntawd tau muab sau tseg tias lub sij hawm "pob zeb" - tsis purely zootechnical. Lub fact tias nws kuj muaj xws li cov kev cai thiab keeb kwm yam. Nyob rau hauv kev, Aristotle nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm nws sau piav txog dab tsi breeds ntawm cov dev muaj nyob rau hauv Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov centuries lawv txwv kom muab zais tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg lawv twb bred. Tom qab ntawd hom ntau haiv ntau zog, thiab txawm pib kom paub qhov txawv lawv hom. Nrog hais txog qhov tam sim no lub xeev ntawm affairs nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, thiab 10 pab pawg xam tau tias yog nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe:

• saib thiab zov cov dev;
• nqi;
• Hounds;
• yug yaj;
• tub ceev xwm;
• terriers;
• huskies thiab retrievers;
• spaniels thiab retrievers;
• Khub dev;
• Qho khoom ua si dev;
• greyhounds.

Tam sim no hais tias cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam aub breeds muaj nyob rau tag nrho cov. Ntawm no nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tus International Federation ntawm cov dev handlers tam sim no paub 339 breeds. Xws li ib tug loj tus xov tooj yog lwm hais txog ntawm yuav ua li cas npaum li cas txaus siab rau lawv cov plaub-legged cov phooj ywg cov neeg tau qhia rau centuries.

Cov yam ntxwv saws rau classifying canine breeds

Ua ntej koj yuav pib ib tug aub, koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi mus nrhiav thaum xaiv. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub nram qab no cov yam ntxwv breeds:

• dominance;
• cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsev apartment;
• kev kawm;
• qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov kev ua;
• complexity ntawm kev kho mob;
• tswv txoj kev;
• Compatibility nrog cov me nyuam;
• muaj peev xwm mus saib;
• kev ywj siab;
• theem ntawm molting;
• friendliness;
• nyiam barking;
• lub neej expectancy.

Yog li, xaiv ib tug yug menyuam, nco ntsoov uas ib tug yog feem ntau haum rau ib tug tsev neeg. Piv txwv li, Dobermanns yuav tsum tau ntau lub sij hawm txhua txhua hnub ib ce, thiab lawv tsis yog cov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv rau cov tsev neeg uas muaj me nyuam, thiab cov poodle yuav ua tau ib tug zoo phooj ywg rau cov me nyuam, tab sis cov nqi ntawm cov kev tu yuav ua tau ib tug mluav nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg cov nyiaj txiag nrog nruab nrab cov nyiaj tau los.

mus yos hav zoov cov dev

Txawm tias qhov kev ua si niaj hnub no tsuas yog ib tug puas ntawm ib tug feem pua ntawm cov nqaij nyuj noj haus ntawm noob neej raws li ib tug tag nrho ib yam tsiaj uas dev uas tau raug tsim los pab neeg tua tsiaj, yog nrov txawm niaj hnub no. Tag nrho cov ntawm cov sau npe 45. Thiab cov lawv yog cov ancient pob zeb, raws li yog tus tshiab, muab 200-300 xyoo dhau los thiab ua ntej lawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib co ntawm cov tsoos mus yos hav zoov cov dev uas raws li kev ruaj ntseg hnub no. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov loj feem ntau ntawm lawv yuav luag tsis muaj mus koom nyob rau hauv tus caum qab ntawm cov tsiaj qus. Txawm nws yog, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu ib yam tsiaj uas dev rau kev yos hav zoov - Labrador Retriever.

Rau yav tom ntej tus khub thaum nrhiav kev ua si kuj greyhounds, dachshund, Bloodhounds, Lavxias teb sab Borzoi, setter thiab lwm tus neeg.

Aub breeds rau tiv thaiv

Tus txiv neej ua ntej nyeg tsiaj muas thaum chiv thawj tsim los pab cov tswv ntawm kev yos hav zoov thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm nws lub neej thiab tsev. Thiab niaj hnub no muaj coob tus neeg xav paub tias yuav ua li cas yog hu ua tus dev tsiaj uas yog zoo tshaj plaws haum rau lub hom phiaj no. Aub handlers hais tias thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas ntawm kev ruaj ntseg cov dev rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kheej lub tsev, ntawm chav kawm, yog mus rau lub German thiab Caucasian Tswv Yug Yaj, Giant Schnauzer, Moscow watchdog thiab ALABAY. Yog hais tias nws yog assumed tias tus aub yuav nyob rau hauv ib tug tsev, nws yog zoo dua rau opt rau cov neeg teej tug mus rau xws hom raws li ib tug boxer, Pas nrig Corso, Rottweiler los yog Doberman. Yuav kom muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm tus aub, nws yog tsim nyog los tham txog tej lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam:

• German tswv yaj. Raws li tau hais tias, "qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, feem ntau" breeds ntawm cov dev los tiv thaiv - yog yav tas los yug yaj dev, bred nyob rau hauv txawv ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub German tswv yaj yog tsis tshua muaj zog, dexterity thiab wit. Txawm li cas los, nws yog yooj yim kawm thiab heev devoted mus rau nws tus tswv, leej twg yog npaj txhij los tiv thaiv txawm nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm nws lub neej.

• Caucasian Shepherd. Yug ntawm cov dev qhia tshwj xeeb uas coj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm tej khoom thiab tej tsiaj nyeg. Nws ntseeg hais tias lub tswv thiab nws tsev neeg thiab yuav ua txhua yam los tiv thaiv lawv. Tab sis cov dev kws txawj ceeb toom hais tias tawm hauv nws lub nrog ib tug me nyuam yuav ua tau tsuas nyob rau hauv cov mob uas lawv tau zus tuaj ua ke.

• Giant Schnauzer. Qhov no yog ib tug heev ntse thiab mloog lus dev uas yuav tsis Tawv tsis muaj ib tug yog vim li cas, tab sis yeej ib txwm muaj kev cuam tshuam tej nres rau ntawm lub party. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv yug zoov thiab ib tug taug kev yuav mus tom qab ib tug miv los yog tus nas ncuav, uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb pom kev.

aub sib ntaus sib tua

Tseem incontrovertible pov thawj hais tias txawm 6,000 xyoo dhau los, dev twb siv nyob rau hauv kev tsov kev rog. Cov ancient Loos txawm muab tso rau hauv xws dev zoo li thiab tshwj xeeb spiky collars uas tsis muab tus yeeb ncuab ib tug plaub-legged cov tub rog lob lawv qa, thiab cov conquest ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws los ntawm cov Pawxia ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm mastiff. Rau hauv sib piv, cov neeg Axilias tej neeg xav ua tsov ua rog dev uas twb raws li kev rau phem li greyhounds nrog lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm lub Vikings.

Thiab niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv lub tub rog ntawm ntau lub teb chaws tau units neeg ua hauj lwm los ntawm cov dev. Nyob rau hauv kev, peb txhua tus yeej paub hais tias dev yog kev zoo heev pab sappers, thiab nyob rau hauv ciam pab tub rog, lawv tsuas irreplaceable thaum detaining offenders. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws aub breeds (nrog rau cov duab muaj nyob hauv qab) los nqa cov tub rog kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv ntau European lub teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv Russia - ib tug German tswv yug yaj, Doberman thiab ib tug Golden retriever.

laub dev

Dev breeds Husky, Samoyed thiab Malamute rau ntau tshaj 8000 xyoo yog siv raws li cov cua ntsawj ntshab hwj chim rau sleds mus txawv tebchaws nyob rau hauv cov daus thiab cov dej khov. Raws li rau dab tsi zoo ntawm cov dev breeds tau bred nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws rau cov thauj ntawm cov neeg thiab cov khoom, lawv yog ob peb: Yenisei, Gilyak Kamchatka, Yakutsk, Anadyr thiab Chukotka. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntawm no nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau nco qab lub zoo-paub "Great sib hlub sib txhawb haiv neeg", uas yog ib lub koom haum nyob rau hauv 1925 thiab tau txais kev cawmdim pua pua ntawm cov me nyuam lub neej txij li thaum lub anti-diphtheria ntshiab twb coj tuaj rau Alaska aub sledding.

Niaj hnub no, qhov no thauj xaiv yog tsis tshua muaj siv, tab sis muaj tsis tu ncua ib lub koom haum ntaus pob ncaws pob txheej xwm rau lub laub dev.

Heev ntxuav aub: tsiaj

Tsheej lab ntawm cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug heev respectable hnub nyoog nco txog mos cov khoom ua si. Thiab thaum no txuj ci tseem ceeb kuj yog ib tug kev lom zem khiav mus rau ib tug lub rooj sib tham, co co nws tus Tsov tus tw, ces yuav muaj tsis muaj ib tug yuav tiv taus. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias muaj yog ib txwm ntau ntawm cov neeg uas xav kom muaj ib tug ntxuav aub.

Ntawm cov kev xaiv uas muaj peev xwm muab kev pom zoo, yuav tsum tau txais tshwj xeeb mention bobtail, CHOW-CHOW thiab kiag li charming Bichon Frize. Txawm li cas los, raws li kws txawj, lub Tibetan mastiff - lub muag muag aub. Qhov no ib yam tsiaj yog pom tias yuav tsum yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab nws yog invented los ntawm Tug hauj monks, uas yuav tsum tau pab thaum lub sij hawm lawv mus nyob rau hauv lub Himalayas.

yug lapdogs

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, ntawm cov thiaj li hu ua glamorous tej xam tau tias yog fashionable tshwm ntawm ntau yam txheej xwm nrog ib tug me me Yelp ua rau txhais tes. Thiab slimmer tshaj tus dev, qhov ntau prestigious muaj nws. Tab sis tiag, feem ntau nrov breeds ntawm cov dev uas yog zoo tagnrho rau cov txawm lub me tshaj ntawm qhov, xws li cov Shih Tzu, Coton de Tulear, Pekingese, Pomeranian, thiab lwm leej lwm tus txawm siv los ntawm psychologists rau kev kho mob, vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm tso saib lawv cov tswv los ntawm ib lub xeev ntawm kev nyuaj siab. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm loj me me thiab zoo heev ua cim. Piv txwv li, ib co neeg sawv cev Parodi Chihuahua luj tsuas 500 g ntawm 10-15 cm qhov siab.

Feem ntau cov loj yug menyuam dev

Loj, muaj zog thiab loyal phooj ywg - dab tsi yuav zoo dua?! Txawm li cas los, loj yug menyuam dev rau ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub xeev muaj txhua tsev neeg. Firstly, cov neeg uas twv tau pib ib lub Neapolitan, lus Askiv los yog Tibetan mastiffs, Borzoi Lavxias teb sab, Central Esxias Tswv Yug Yaj, Great Dane thiab lwm yam neeg loj thiab siab, yuav npaj mus siv ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj rau lawv noj mov. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov dev yuav tsum txaus qhov chaw thiab cia lawv nyob rau hauv ze nroog chav tsev - nws yog tsuas tsis tub kom zoo. Thiab thaum kawg, lawv yuav tsum tau taug kev txhua txhua hnub rau ob peb teev, raws li cov tsis muaj kev ib ce muaj zog yog detrimental rau lawv lub cev.

dev cawm

Vim lawv exceptional kev txiav txim zoo ntawm tsis hnov tsw, raws li zoo raws li lub zog thiab endurance, plaub-legged cov phooj ywg ib tug neeg tau ntev siv raws li ib tug cawm nyob rau hauv lub roob, nyob rau hauv dej, hluav taws kub thiab lwm yam xwm ceev.

Nws twb rho txawm tshwj xeeb tsiaj uas muaj kev rau centuries tau pab txuag lub neej ntawm txhiab tus neeg. Piv txwv li, St. Bernards yog koom nyob rau hauv cawm neeg thiab climbers nyob rau hauv lub roob txij thaum lub xyoo pua 17th, raws li lawv muaj lub peev xwm xav tias qhov mus kom ze ntawm ib avalanche, thiab tej zaum yuav nrhiav tau stray los yog raug mob ncaws pob thiab tourists. Tab sis lub npe nrov tshaj cawm dev yug - nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, Newfoundland, los yog diver. Cov tsiaj tsis ntshai ntawm te thiab muaj peev xwm rau ntab nyob rau hauv dej txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug kub me ntsis saum toj no 0 degrees. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm yug me nyuam ntawm lawv cov ntiv taw nyob rau hauv ko taw twb webbed, thiab muaj cov lub thib peb xyoo pua, thiab cov tshwj xeeb tsa ntawm lub pob ntseg thiab cov paws cia cov tsiaj mus dhia dej mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 30 m thiab hla qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 20 km. Tsis tas li ntawd, Newfoundland tsis tuaj kawm ntawv tua tsiaj xav, uas yog hloov los ntawm ib tug lub siab xav mus dhia mus rau hauv cov dej thiab rub tus neeg taug.

Nws ntseg ib co ntawm cov feem ntau zoo-paub breeds ntawm cov dev

Txhua txhua xyoo ntau thiab ntau cov neeg muab yug rau nws tus kheej plaub-legged cov tsiaj. Cov feem nrov breeds ntawm cov dev uas feem ntau xaiv cov pej xeem - yog ib tug English Cocker Spaniel, Pug thiab Yorkshire Terrier. Ntawm no yog lawv lub ntsiab yam ntxwv:

• Yorkshire terriers. Cov dev muaj ib tug heev muaj lus zoo siab thiab sociable cim, los ntawm kev uas yog ib tug zoo luag. Txawm li cas los, ob peb ywj siab xwm tej zaum yuav ib qho chaw khuam rau lawv txoj kev kawm. Cov no zoo yuav tau muab sau tseg tias lawv tau nrog zoo nrog rau lwm cov tsiaj, tab sis nws yog ua mus rau tus thawj lawv, tsis yog txawm hmoog rau qhov txawv nyob rau hauv loj. Yog hais tias cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub tsev, cov tswv muaj tsis muaj dab tsi txhawj, raws li qhov no lub cev tsis kho tsiaj yuav tsis ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov me nyuam. Es, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau coj li hais tias cov me nyuam noj zoo saib xyuas ntawm koj cov plaub-legged cov phooj ywg.

• Pug. Pugs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab muaj hnub nyoog - qhov no tsiaj yog heev neeg tub nkeeg thiab twj ywm, uas yog tsis tshua muaj pom hnav nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tsev apartment. Vim li no cov zoo lawv yuav muab xam zoo tagnrho khub rau cov neeg laus, uas ntsuas lub neej. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv tsis tso solitude, thiab yog li ntawd cov neeg uas siv me ntsis sij hawm nyob hauv tsev, nws yog zoo dua mus xaiv ib tug aub uas muaj lwm yam tsiaj.

• English Cocker Spaniel. Cov dev yog heev ntse thiab yog li ntawd yooj yim heev kawm. Txawm li cas los, ib co neeg nyiam mus Tawv, uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog cov neeg nyob ze. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg nyob ntawm qhov uas phem suab rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav ua ntej koj pib qhov no ntev-eared tus tsiaj. Lwm shortcoming ntawm no yug - nws yog ib tug yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov kev combing. Lub fact tias cov plaub hau ntawm cov dev yuav muab tau yooj yim matted yog hais tias tsis ua rau nws tug tas mus li thiab ceev faj saib xyuas.

Tsis tshua muaj thiab endangered tsiaj

Yog hais tias Bulldog, Spaniel, aub, sheepdog, los yog Dalmatians yuav muaj nyob rau hauv tej tsev hais plaub, cov leonberger, levhena los yog Brussels Griffon pom tsuas yog ib qho. Yog li ntawd, nrhiav seb yog dab tsi nto moo tshaj plaws aub yug menyuam, peb yuav tsum tau nug dab tsi tus dev tsis tshua muaj los sis endangered versions tsim thaum ib tug aub breeder.

• Tshiab Guinea hu nkauj. Cov dev muaj ntau tshaj 30 txhiab xyoo, peb nyob rau hauv tag nrho rho tawm nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb qhov chaw ntawm Papua New Guinea, thiab tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv twb tsis paub mus txog rau thaum lub 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws yog txuas mus rau lub thib ob lub npe ntawm no ib yam tsiaj, uas suab zoo li ib tug "aub ntawm lub pob zeb muaj hnub nyoog."

• Sholoittskuintli. Qhov no ib yam tsiaj yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm ancient Indian civilizations ntawm Mexico, thiab nws keeb kwm mus rov qab ntau tshaj peb txhiab xyoo. Nws cov neeg sawv cev yog zoo nkauj coj txawv txawv, vim lawv lub cev tsuas yog lub taub hau, yuav luag devoid ntawm cov plaub hau.

• Czechoslovakian Wolfdog. Dev ntawm no ancient haiv neeg European hom raws li nyob ze rau qhov hma ob nyob rau hauv tsos thiab lwm yam ntxwv. Nws yog feem ntau ntseeg hais tias lawv yog intermediate ntawm cov tsiaj qus neeg ntawm lawv tus kheej hom, thiab German tus tswv yug yaj.

• Bergamo tswv yug yaj aub. Qhov no tus tswv yug yaj aub tau bred nyob rau hauv lub Alps thiab nta tsis tshua muaj neeg shaggy. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov dev yog tsis yog nquag moult thiab tsis tshua muaj loyal rau lawv cov tswv.

• Noj tshais valhaund. Cov dev twb ib zaug loyal pab thiab Viking satellites nyob rau hauv lawv cov campaigns thiab yuav ua li cas zaum-aub kws txawj ntseeg tau tias cov keeb kwm ntawm no ib yam tsiaj mus rov qab ntau tshaj 1000 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, valhaundov kawm los xyuas kom meej tias lawv grazing nyuj thiab nas puas lub tsev ntawm lawv masters.

Tam sim no koj paub uas breeds ntawm cov dev nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw thiab tau ntsia zoo li lub thawj nyeg dev.