"Cornflower" (82 hli mortar): cov yam ntxwv, cov duab

Mortars nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX los ua ib tug indispensable zoo ntawm infantry riam phom. Raws li cov neeg ua hauj lwm, lawv toiletries, nyob ntawm seb lub caliber, tsim kom equip lub units lub tuam txhab, battalion, regimental thiab divisional theem. Cim txhais tau tias ntawm hluav taws kev puas tsuaj yog tus "Centaurea" - mortar muaj peev xwm ntawm firing bursts, thiab yog hais tias tsim nyog ua paub tab yav tas los cim rau lub artillery phom.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub tshuaj khib

Nyob rau hauv lub classic kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov tshuaj khib - ib hom ntawm riam phom uas siv ib lub dav hlau kwj uas yog tsim raws li qhov ignition ntawm propelling xwb. Lub chim ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab txiav txim seb cov kev taw qhia thiab thawj zaug tshaj tawm los ntawm lub projectile, hu ua kuv thiab sawv cev feathered munition. Fuse, feem ntau, cov kev sib cuag yog nyob rau hauv nws cov pem hauv ntej ib feem. Tus tsim feem ntau muaj xws li tshuaj khib tshem puag phaj, ib tug bipod, cov kev taw qhia ntaus ntawv thiab sighting. Ib zaug ntxiv, nyob rau hauv lub classic kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov chaw thau khoom yog ua ncaj qha ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tag. Mina tau txais kev pab los ntawm lub muzzle ntawm lub thoob hau pov tseg thaum lub tsheb ntawm lub projectile ignites lub detonator, uas ua rau kom cov propelling xwb.

Txawm li cas los, lub mortars nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab tus tiv thaiv hu ua Katyushas. "Tulip 2S4" Lub kaw lus no kuj yog, txawm nws kom meej meej howitzer xwm, zwm rau hoob no los ntawm riam phom, tab sis nws yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li nws tus kheej-propelled artillery.

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nws twb txais yuav los ntawm lub tshuaj khib "cornflower" nyob rau hauv xyoo 1970. Duab ntawm cov hluav taws riam phom cov yeeb ncuab manpower yog yuav muaj kev koom nrog ib rab phom. Txawm li cas los, rau hauv daim ntawv thiab cov qauv ntawm lub plhaub kom meej meej hais tias nws yog kuv li. Mos txwv twb tsis muaj tes tsho, nws yog ib lub opera. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi no symbiosis ntawm cov phom thiab mortars? Thiab yog dab tsi rau? Yuav ua li cas yog nws zoo?

Mortars thiab phom

Yog vim li cas yog vim li cas mortars yog thoob plaws, ob peb, thiab lawv yog cov tag nrho ib qho tseem ceeb. Qhov no hom ntawm riam phom yog yus muaj los ntawm tus txheeb ze yooj yim, simplicity, manifested nyob rau hauv manufacturability, thiab tswj, ib tug siab tawm lub hwj chim thiab lub peev xwm los npog lub hom phiaj los saum toj no, los ntawm lub ntuj, uas yog, los ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm tus kawg kev ruaj ntseg. Rau firing ntawm hinged trajectory siv ib tug howitzer los yog mortar. Cannon nyob rau hauv no nyhav ntau tshaj, nqi ntau nyuab thiab tiv thaiv cov nyiaj txiag nyob rau hauv ib tug loj npaum li cas. Rab phom, ntawm chav kawm, muaj nws zoo, yog los txhim kho qhov ntev ntau, caliber thiab cov neeg, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob ces yuav tsum nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog feem ntau, cov zoo yog offset. Tus kab nruab nrab ntawm ob qho ntawm txoj kev puas tsuaj caliber yuav luag tag erases mortar "Cornflower", ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas hinted nyob rau ntawm nws "kev sib raug zoo" nrog phom. Nyob rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub thoob, nws ua zoo li ib tug mortar, howitzer thiab cov ib txwm phom, shooting grazing. Yog hais tias rau qhov no peb ntxiv nthuav thaj chaw ntawm ib tug siab npaum li cas ntawm cov hluav taws, lub cim riam phom yuav khees.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub "Cornflower"

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib tug sai-mortar originated nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog Soviet Union. Nyob rau hauv 1946, lub designer VK Filippov pom tias siv rollback zog rau recharge lub phom, uas yog them nrog breech. Nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej, cov tshuaj no yog tsis tshiab, tsuas yog cov tseem ceeb point uas nws tau thov nyob rau hauv relation mus rau lub tshuaj khib, es lub ceev ceev-phom. Filippova ua hauj lwm rau ib tug kawm, nyob rau hauv 1955 QAM khoom yog ua los ntawm lub Soviet Army. Nws yog npaj rau kev siv nyob rau hauv chaw tej yam kev mob (casemates thiab check tiv thaiv) thiab yog ib tug ceev ceev-hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg mortar. Plaub lub xyoos tom qab, kuv twb npaj txhij thiab kuaj teb version ntawm Kama tau txais lub npe ntawm tus F-82. Rau tsis meej yog vim li cas, qhov no qauv hnub no nyob rau hauv cov mus dhia tsis yog. Nyob rau hauv 1967, tom qab ib co kev hloov kho, nws twb tseem txais los ntawm lub xeev commission. Raws li tus tsim kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv lub artillery, nws tau txais ib tug me paj hu ua "Cornflower". 82 hli tsis siv neeg mortar yuav hluav taws nrog ib tus nqi ntawm 100 RDS. / Min. nrog cov hluav taws ntawm 170 rounds. Qhov txawv nyob rau hauv cov ob cov nuj nqis yog vim lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau mus recharge lub daig kab.

Kev hloov kho ntawm lub "M"

Ob peb xyoos ntawm cov kev pab nyob rau hauv cov tub rog tso cai rau engineers los kos lub xaus hais tias cov dej txias chim yuav poob mus li. Loj heev cover tiv thaiv los ntawm overheating ntawm siab firing nqi, raug tshem tawm, nce phab ntsa thickness nyob rau hauv lub central cheeb tsam, muab ib tug saum npoo tav uas txhim kho lub tshav kub hloov lwm lub tsev tej yam kev mob thiab kom muaj raws li lub luag hauj lwm ntawm huab cua txias radiator. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lwm yam respects nws yog tib yam "Cornflower". Cov tshuaj khib twb hu ua 2B9M (hloov), thaj nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm tus version yav dhau los ntawm lub ribbed chim. Raws li ntxiv xyaum ntawm cov tshuaj no twb tsis txhaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov suab puam tej yam kev mob, nyob rau hauv uas lub pab tub rog yog muaj tsis txaus ntawm cov dej.

Yuav ua li cas tau "Cornflower"

Cug nyob rau hauv lub classic version suffers los ntawm ib tug loj heev kev tsim qhov khuam. lub recoil zog ua xaav ntawm lub tag nrho qhov system vim av deformation thiab txhua yam los rau lub pob tw. Tom qab txhua tus txhaj tshuaj, lub xam muaj tau kho tsis thiab lub rooj sib tham lub aim dua. Tus ntaus ntawv mortar "Cornflower" tso cai rau pab recoil zog muab ib tug tshiab plhaub rau hauv lub thoob. Hydraulic poob siab absorbers muab tso rau ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw ua rau nqus nws dhau heev lawm. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov neeg ntawm tau yog tseem siab nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj queue hluav taws. Tus quab muaj plaub mines.

versatility

Ib tug ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov "Cornflower" yog nws versatility. Los ntawm nws koj muaj peev xwm tua nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

2B9 yuav siv tau raws li ib tug dog dig mortar, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv nws yog ua li cas loading los ntawm cov muzzle. Txawm li cas los, lub ntsiab qhov txawv phom yog nws muaj peev xwm mus tua ib rab phom raws li ib tug qub yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab txawm tsis zoo (li 1 °) kaum sab xis ntawm nce. Rau firing nyob rau hauv lub "mortar" hom, peb hom kev nqi, nrog artillery mos txwv standardized txoj kev yuav tsum tau siv. Muaj ob hom: automatic thiab ib.

mos txwv

3V01 fragmentation mos txwv txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv yog tsis tu ncua, uas yog tsim los rau 120-hli mortar "Cornflower". Nws txiav txim shrapnel, tab sis nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd nws muaj xws li lwm yam nqi, xws li cumulative tsim los ua kom puas armored tsheb.

Tus qauv muaj xws li ib tug them nyiaj lwm yam tshaj li mines Shestiperov O-832DU, lub ntsiab propellant xwb F-832DU. Thaum thawj zaug tshaj tawm 272 m / s nws muab ib tug ntau ntawm cov qhov txhab los ntawm 800 mus 4270 m. Pawg propellant mos txwv yog 3100 grams, cov tawg tsam tsim ntawm so rau, txhua weighing ntau tshaj ib tug gram. Lub voos kheej-kheej ntawm tas mus li yeej - 18 meters.

Sib nrug los ntawm lub ntsiab propellant xwb los impart ib tug thawj zaug tshaj tawm kuv thiab embodied nyob rau hauv nws tus ko tw feem, thiab ntxiv thov. Qhov kev txiav txim mus txais lawv cov kev siv rau xam cov commander, ascertain lub hom phiaj uas yog kom cov hluav taws mortar "Cornflower". Firing ntau nyob rau cov kev xaiv ntawm ntxiv propellant. Lawv yog cov ntev daim ntaub cheholchiki muaj heev yuav tsum vov annularly tus Tsov tus tw feem ntawm lub projectile ua ntej thiab stabilizer fastened los ntawm cov pa buttonhole khawm ris. Lawv thickness yog txiav txim los ntawm tus xov tooj - ntawm 1 mus rau 3.

muaj Aids

82mm mortar "Cornflower" nyhav 622 kg, li ntawd, yuav thauj tus tshwj xeeb tshuab siv. Raws li xws li, kheev siv nruj heev heev gaz-66, xws 2F54. Cov phom yog nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj nyob rau hauv ib lub cev, nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb mob (rau cov mob ceev heev kev hloov ntawm txoj hauj lwm los yog lwm yam cia li-pib lub sijhawm) tso cai towing. Muab xam los muaj plaub (commander, gunner, loader thiab tsav tsheb porters).

Successful designs tau pheej xav kom engineers nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws sim los ua ib tug cia li self-propelled mortar. "Cornflower" ntsia rau tracked chassis MT-LB nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union thiab Hungary, raws li ib co craftsmen nyob rau hauv lub Middle East , thiab niaj hnub no nws yog mounted rau cov haib American cov tub rog jeep "Rauj".

Yuav ua li cas mus tua ib tug "Cornflower"

Tsis tu ncua carriage yooj yim li sai tau, nws yog zoo li ib tug dog dig phom, mus rau hauv lub tsim muaj tais thiab ncej. Translations rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua mob ua rau lub fact tias cov log tsheb nqa tawm hauv av thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug cov nyiaj them yug thiab ib tug nkaus zaub nrog cov sib nrauj openers. Tsis Siv Neeg mortar "Cornflower" yuav tau tsa ceg los yog txo qis, nyob ntawm seb tus mob ntawm firing. Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov siab ntawm nce ntawm cov thoob rau hauv lub qis txoj hauj lwm yog 78 °, 85 ° nyob rau hauv lub Upper. Thaum shooting hinged nrog ib tug nqes hav ntau dua tshaj 40 °, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj mechanisms los ntawm impacts rau hauv av, nyob rau hauv lub taub qab ncoo yog yuav tsum tau mus khawb ib tug si nraum zoov. Tsis tshua muaj nce ces kaum yog siv rau cov aiming chim ntawm armored lub hom phaj. Nyob rau hauv no txoj hauj lwm, lub 82-hli mortar "Cornflower" yog siv raws li ib tug me me anti-tank phom nrog ib tug me me ntau yam, tab sis haib heev.

panoramic pom yog muab rau ncaj hluav taws, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no hloov lub nominal optics (Pam-1). Raws li ib feem ntawm cov kev taw qhia cov khoom kuj yog ib tug teeb pom kev zoo ntaus ntawv "Ray-PM2M", tsim los rau firing thaum hmo ntuj.

kev sib ntaus los daim ntawv thov

Tus thawj loj sib ntaus los xeem rau lub Afghan kev tsov kev rog los ua 2B9. Nta ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nqa tawm nyob rau hauv roob chaw, unleash lub peev xwm ua ntej peb riam phom mus rau lub hom phiaj zoo. Nws versatility thiab muaj peev xwm mus ntaus thaum lub hom phaj, ua ke nrog cov kev mus ncig, tau khwv tau lub sib hwm, uas tau siv nyob rau hauv "Cornflower" pab tub rog. Cug feem ntau tom maj mam armored transporters MT-LB, uas koj mus sai sai tawm hauv lub txoj hauj lwm tom qab ib tug ob peb lem, tsis tos rau xa rov qab los hluav taws. Ces nws twb nrhiav tau ib co kev tsim flaws. Nyob rau hauv kev, kuv kab xev yog tsis ib txwm tau txais nyob rau ib lub qhov chaw, thiab nws dosylka yuav tsum tau ib hefty tshuab nrog ib tug rauj, uas yog ib txwm rau ntawm txhais tes loader.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, ib tug tsis siv tshuaj khib muaj pov thawj los ua ib tug zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv siv nyob rau hauv ntau armed tsis sib haum uas muaj arisen nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub qub Soviet Union, tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau hauv lub ob Chechen kev tsov kev rog.

yam ntxwv ntawm

Thaum lub sij hawm tam sim no tsis yog ib daim card cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas lub mortar "Cornflower". Nta kuj poob nws kev ruaj ntseg kev faib vim hais tias ntawm lub thoob plaws kis tau ntawm riam phom nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Mechanisms yog yooj yim zog kom ntau li ntau tau thiab qhia ua rau cov ntsia hlau cov rooj sib txoos. Phau ntawv kev sib hloov ntawm caj dab looj tsiaj nqa kab rov tav kev taw qhia tsis pub dhau 60 ° los ntawm ntsug thiab -1 ° rau 85 ° (thaum tag nrho tsa jack). Qhov siab tshaj plaws voos kheej-kheej kev sib ntaus los lesion yog 4.7 km. Lub cev du kev sib hloov mines muab rau cwjmem tus Tsov tus tw seem uas yog sis txheeb ze rau lub longitudinal axis. Lub daig kab yog tsim los rau plaub cov nqi. Neeg ua hauj lwm cov mos txwv muaj 226 min. Tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub nruab tsheb yog ntau tshaj rau tons. Tsiv nws raws txoj kev loj ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 60 km / h tshaj ntxhib struts - 20 km / h. Nyob rau hauv lub tua txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub cev yog lub cai rau kaum tsib feeb.

Txawv teb chaws "Cornflowers"

phom tsim yog yooj yim, cov thawj thiab hauj. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nws twb tsis muaj analogues, txawm hais tias ua cov kuaj yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Cov neeg 's koom pheej. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, Tuam Tshoj tau nrhiav ib tug daim ntawv tso cai rau qhov siv thiab ua "phom-hom 99" - yog li nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj hu ua "Cornflower". Cug tso loj loj qhov ntau, thiab tam sim no yuav pom thiab tau hnov nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no them nyob rau hauv nplaim taws kev tsov kev rog.

Ntaub ntawv hais txog seb tus "Cornflowers" muaj nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab tub rog, yog tam sim no tsis txaus ntseeg. Feem ntau cov yuav, lawv tau hloov ntau zoo meej ua qauv.