Convening ntawm lub Legislative Commission ntawm Catherine II, nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab cai

Empress Catherine II pib nws reign nrog ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm txoj cai ntawm "enlightened absolutism", tshwm sim los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau European xav. Raws li koj paub, lub heev "enlightened absolutism" assumed lub koob pheej ntawm lawv ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, hais txog ntawm lawv cov chav kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug kev cai lij choj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1767, nws tau convened los ntawm lub Legislative Commission ntawm Catherine 2, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov uas yog lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug tshiab set ntawm cov kev cai uas tiv thaiv cov kev txaus siab ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawm cov pej xeem. Empress ntseeg hais tias nws yog txaus rau freestyle Lavxias teb sab lub tswv yim yuav tsum txaus siab los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau ibyam thiab hoob kawm, thiab, thiaj li, ntxiv dag zog nws txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub imperial zwm txwv.

Yog li, lub Code Commission yog ib tug collective lub cev, convened miv cov kev cai, cov uas tuaj rau hauv cov hlab rov qab nyob rau hauv 1649. Tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau convened xya xws committees. Qhov tseem loj-scale tau convening Legislative Commission Catherine II, uas differed los ntawm yav dhau los ntau cov sawv cev (tam sim no mus xaiv deputies pub pej xeem - ib tus neeg sawv cev los ntawm lub nroog, ua nom ua tswv, peasants thiab neeg txawv teb chaws). Muaj txoj cai yuav tsum tau raug xaiv mus rau lub MPS deprived cov neeg sawv cev ntawm sab ntsuj plig lub hwj chim thiab serfs. Pw Commission Catherine II muaj 450 cov neeg, feem ntau ntawm cov uas twb tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov pej xeem (36%) gentry (33%) thiab villagers (20%).

Deputies ntawm lub Legislative Commission tau muab kom ntau tsim nyog. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau txais ib qho ntxiv cov nyiaj hli, yuav tsis raug nchav, tsim txom, thiab kev tuag, lawv Estates yuav tsis tau seized nyob rau hauv txhua yam (tsuas yog rau cov nuj nqis). Thuam tus Thawj Tub Ceev txim lub imposition ntawm ib tug loj txim.

Convening ntawm lub Legislative Commission ntawm Catherine II twb cim los ntawm ib tug ntau nthuav rau cov neeg nyob ntawm innovation Russia. Empress tus kheej yog tus thiaj li hu ua "Cov lus qhia" rau deputies, lawv tau coj los ntawm thaum ua ib qho tseem ceeb kev txiav txim siab. Nyob rau hauv nws "Cov lus qhia" Catherine teem tawm nws views rau ntawm lub ntsiab txoj kev sib tw ntawm cov Legislative Commission. Cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj nees nkaum tshooj, muab faib mus rau hauv cov khoom. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub Fabkis philosopher Charles Montesquieu, ib feem - nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm Italian phau ntawv C. Beccaria, "Nyob rau teeb meem txhaum cai thiab lub txim".

Lub Empress twb convinced tias tsuas yog tau daim ntawv ntawm tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug lossis loj lub teb chaws raws li Russia yog ib txog kev monarchy. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tag nrho cov pej xeem los ntawm lub tyranny thiab arbitrariness ntawm lub huab tais thiab cov Legislative Commission yuav tsum tau tsim los pab, uas cov deputies muaj cai mus qhia tam sim no tswv xeev ntawm lub tswv yim hais tias, piv txwv li, lub me nyuam los tu ntawm txoj cai yog tsis tsim nyog nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no qhov teeb meem, nws yog tsis tooj mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm cov Legislative Commission, thiab yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsis tau ua rau pej xeem. Ntawm cov khoom "Mandate" twb mob siab rau tus economic kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws, cov kev siv ntawm cov tshiab txoj, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, ua liaj ua teb thiab cov lag luam tawm.

Convening ntawm lub Legislative Commission nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1767. Nws qhib twb cim los ntawm lub liturgy nyob rau hauv lub Assumption Cathedral ntawm lub Kremlin nrog rau koj tus kheej xub ntiag ntawm Catherine II. Tag nrho cov neeg ua ntej lub rooj sib ntsib muab cov lus cog tseg. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg 1768 tsov rog tsoo tawm ntawm Russia thiab lub Ottoman Empire, yuav tsum tau cov tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm ntau deputies nyob rau hauv cov tub rog tsim thiab nyob rau hauv battlefield. Marshal A. Bibikov twb tshaj tawm txiav ntawm lawv cov rooj sib tham. Convening ntawm lub Legislative Commission ntawm Catherine II yog qhov kawg lub rooj sib tham ntawm no hom ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txawv cov chav kawm ntawm Russia. Dua li no, ib qho los mus tsim ib tug zoo xws li cov chav kawm ntawv-tus neeg sawv cev lub cev ntawm lub Empress tsa nws nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cov pejxeem, tsa nws profile tshiab heights ob nyob rau hauv Russia thiab deb tshaj nws cov ciam teb rau lwm.