Central Russia. Lub zos nyob rau hauv Central Russia

Central Russia - nws yog ib tug lossis loj complex ntawm interregional. Feeb ntau, qhov no lub sij hawm yog hais txog mus rau lub chaw uas zoo heev gravitating mus rau Moscow, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov Moscow, thiab tom qab lub Lavxias teb sab xeev.

General pab

Keeb kwm ntawm Central Russia, uas yog tus ntxhais ntawm peb lub teb chaws, pib nrog rau cov tsim ntawm Muscovy nyob rau hauv XIII-XV centuries, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm combining disparate fiefdoms. Nyob rau hauv lub zos, lub cheeb tsam yog tag nrho ntawm architectural, keeb kwm thiab kev sau ntawv monuments thiab puas. Nyob lub teb chaws thiab txawm txawv teb chaws lug paub golden nplhaib - ancient lub zos ntawm Central Russia: Sergiev Posad, Rostov thiab Pereslavl, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Bogolyubovo, Gus Crystal, Gorokhovets, Kalyazin, Kideksha, Moore, Paleh li al. kub nplhaib npog tej thaj chaw xws li Moscow, Iaroslavskaia, Vladimir, Ivanovskaia, Kostroma. Ancient lub zos ntawm Central Russia paub txog lawv extraordinary artistic crafts. Piv txwv li, Fedoskino, Palekh Holuy thiab nto moo lacquer tej yam me me, Gzhel - ceramics, Zhostovo - pleev xim rau cov tais, Abramtsevo - ntoo carvings, Khotkovo - pob txha carving, POS. Mstera - lacquer Miniatures thiab ruching, POS. Liab-on-Volga - hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua los ntawm tooj liab, tooj dag, nyiaj, Rostov - txha hniav laus (txha hniav laus tej yam me me painting).

theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Cov tsim ntawm cheeb tsam no tau cuam tshuam keeb kwm kev loj hlob thiab nyiaj txiag thiab thaj txoj hauj lwm. Lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub hav thiab watersheds ntawm lub Dnieper, lub Oka, lub Volga thiab Western Dvina, nws muaj ib tug heev paaj txoj hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm lub xeev. Vim dej paths communicates nrog tus ciam teb cheeb tsam, raws li zoo raws li nrog nyob sib ze lub teb chaws. Central cheeb tsam ntawm Russia - yog qhov tseem ceeb ua kom pom tseeb ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai, li no tus hais sib haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov pejxeem nws yog dav siv lub zos natural resources xws li hlau ore, thee, ntoo, limestone, xuab zeb, ntsev, av nplaum, peat thiab lwm tus neeg. Ntawm no nws originated ferrous metallurgy thiab metalworking, txua ntoo, ntsev ntau lawm, tej hub thiab iav, textile, tawv thiab khau ua lag luam. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, peb pas fais fab noj tau ua nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub Volga, thiab Pumped Cia Fais Fab Cog twb ua nyob rau hauv Sergiev Posad. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub fifties ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Kaluga cheeb tsam pib khiav hauj lwm hauv lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, thiab tom qab 20-30 xyoos, lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm Russia yeej ob nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag - nyob rau hauv lub Tver thiab Smolensk cheeb tsam.

Cov pej xeem ntawm lub cheeb tsam

Central koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Russia - yog ib thaj chaw uas lawv tsim rau cov tub ntxhais ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg. Thiab niaj hnub no Lavxias teb sab pejxeem prevails no. Thiab xwb nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem, nyob rau hauv lub Volga-Vyatka cheeb tsam, nyob Chuvash, Mordovian, Mari. Raws li cov pejxeem census ua nyob rau hauv 2002, muaj cia li tshaj 38 lab cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Cov lawv: Lavxias teb sab - 34 lab (91%), Ukrainians - 756 000 (1.99%), Tatars - 288 000 (0.77%), Armenians - 249 000 (0.66%), Belarusians - 186 000 ( 0,49%), Azeris - 161 000 (0.43%), thiab cov neeg Yudais - 103 000 (0.27%). Lwm yam nationalities yog tsawg tshaj li 0.2%.

Qhov chaw ntawm nom tswv thiab nyiaj txiag lub neej ntawm Russia

Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov niaj hnub khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm lub cheeb tsam tau los ntawm cov nram qab no yam: lub luag hauj lwm ntawm nws constituent cheeb tsam raws li lub ntsiab engineering, kev cob qhia thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws; nyob rau ntawm uas tsim nyog cov neeg ua; paaj economic thiab thaj txoj hauj lwm; mas tsim thauj mus; zog ua nyob rau hauv fais fab nroj tsuag ntawm ntau hom; kev siv cov mas raw cov ntaub ntawv; tsim ntawm ib tug metallurgical puag thiab lwm tus neeg. Niaj hnub no, Central Russia specializing nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua txoj khoom uas hais tias yuav tsum tau kev tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg txawj ua hauj lwm rau. Lub ntsiab ceg ntawm specialization yog engineering, metallurgy, lub teeb thiab tshuaj industries. Tsis kawg tseem ceeb yog lub scientific thiab cov kev pab cuam thiab kev kawm, raws li tau zoo raws li kev kawm ntawv, kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los - neeg mus ncig tebchaws thiab excursion kev ua si.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nyiaj txiag qhov chaw

Central cheeb tsam ntawm Russia muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws cov mej zeej nram qab no economic cheeb tsam: Volga-Vyatka, Central Dub ntiaj teb thiab Central. Xav txog cov nyiaj txiag thiab thaj yam ntxwv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv. Qhov no yuav pab kom koj to taub lawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub scale xwb tsis nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tab sis kuj tag nrho lub teb chaws.

Volga-Vyatka koog tsev kawm ntawv

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm no koog tsev kawm ntawv raws li nram no muaj xws li Central Russia: Nizhny Novgorod thiab Kirov, raws li zoo raws li lub koom pheej: Chuvashia, Mordovia thiab Mari El. Nws cheeb tsam yog 263.000 square kilometers. Volga-Vyatka cheeb tsam stretches nyob rau hauv cov European ib feem ntawm peb lub teb chaws, lub basins ntawm lub Vyatka dej thiab lub Volga. Thaj chaw ntawm cov kev tshuam ntawm railways thiab loj waterways txuas lub chaw mus rau Volga cheeb tsam, lub Urals, North-West, tsim zoo heev tej yam kev mob rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog tsis kub tsis txias continental. Tag nrho cov chaw uas zoo heev yog them los ntawm forests. Lub ntsiab specialization ntawm lub cheeb tsam - nws yog engineering. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tom hav zoov thiab tshuaj kev lag luam yog zoo tsim. Peb tau dim thiab tsim handicraft ancient crafts xws li Khokhloma painting.

Central Dub ntiaj teb cheeb tsam

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm no koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj xws li cov Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov thiab Kursk cheeb tsam. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm yooj yim thauj mus los thiab chaw nyob. Nws cheeb tsam yog 107 txhiab square kilometers. Lub xub ntiag ntawm kuj loj tso ntawm hlau ore thiab xis mas raw cov ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li ib tug tseem ceeb cia neeg ua hauj lwm pab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam sectors ntawm ob lag luam thiab ua liaj ua teb. Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog tsis kub tsis txias continental tsam tej yam ntuj tso - steppe thiab steppe, mas tiaj struts. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog feeb meej lossis loj arrays chernozems, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov chaw muaj shortage ntawm cov dej cov kev pab.

Main specialization txhais metallurgical, tshuaj, engineering thiab khoom noj khoom haus industries, thiab ua liaj ua teb.

heartland

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm no koog tsev kawm ntawv yog: Bryansk, Vladimir, Kaluga, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Moscow, Orel, Smolensk, Tver, Ryazan, Yaroslavl thiab Tula cheeb tsam. Economic thiab chaw nyob qhov chaw - central, li ntawd, ib qho kev zoo nyob rau hauv thauj thiab nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev. Lub cheeb tsam yog ib tug loj center ntawm kab lis kev cai. Nws tsis yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv natural resources. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov kev lag luam ua hauj lwm tsuas yog nyob rau mas raw cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj reserves ntawm phosphorite, peat, lignite, limestone thiab xuab zeb. Main specialization - yog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm ib tug complex, intangible cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau kev tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg txawj ua hauj lwm rau. Lub ntsiab ceg yog tshuaj, lub teeb printing kev lag luam thiab diversified machinery.

Xwm ntawm lub cheeb tsam

Qhov xwm ntawm cov cheeb tsam no yog heev ntau haiv neeg - los ntawm tuab forests rau steppes. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub cheeb tsam muaj loj nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm boulders thiab av nplaum loams. Lawv nyob ntawm lub glacier zog. Tom qab nws tawm los ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm sab laug txhab nyiaj ntawm lub Oka dej rau Moscow yog heev swampy. Qhov no toj roob hauv pes yog hu ua Mescherskaya lowlands. Qhov twg ntoo thuv forests loj hlob luxuriantly. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Central Russia yog ob peb pas dej: Chuhlomskoe, Nero, Plescheevo thiab Galich. Nrog cov reservoirs tsim fertile av, richly fertilized nrog xuab zeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus nraum, lub cheeb tsam yog dej nyab-free upland: Suzdal, JuR'EVSKIJj thiab Murom. Nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb hnub poob ntawm lub cheeb tsam hnub rov qab mus rau lub Volga dej, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm nws kim heev dej nyab, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm no thib kaum ntawm lub Tver cheeb tsam them cov hav iav. Dej yog sau nyob rau hauv cov lowlands, ib tug ntev lub sij hawm nrhiav tsis tau ib txoj kev tawm. Bryansk cheeb tsam tau nto moo rau tuab forests. Cov yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub cheeb tsam muaj mas steppes.

xaus

Yuav kom saib lub ntsab lug, tej zaum nws yuav muab sau tseg tias Central Russia yog ib tug lossis loj complex ntawm interregional muaj tej yam kev mob rau lub tsev lag luam thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Yus cov cheeb tsam no paaj economic thiab thaj txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm Russia. Txawm li cas los, lub Central Russia thiab muaj loj flaws - yog cov tsis muaj kev nkag tau mus rau lub hiav txwv thiab cov uas tsis muaj npaum li cas ntawm tej yam ntuj tso kev pab. Tab sis lawv yog compensated los ntawm qhov sib thooj rau qhov loj tshaj plaws muaj cheeb tsam - Volga Federal District, raws li zoo raws li ib qho chaw-nplua nuj cheeb tsam - nyob sab Europe North. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Central Russia sab los ntawm sab nrog txawv teb chaws trade deev - Belarus thiab Ukraine.

Qhov no cheeb tsam yog lub feem ntau populated thiab tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Central koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Russia yog lub feem ntau heev urbanized nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Thaum qhia tawm rau ntawm nroog pejxeem (80%) thiab nws muab lub North-West, tab sis nyob rau theem ntawm concentration ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog loj thiab tsam chaw nws yog tus thawj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws.