Birch tsev neeg. Birch tsev neeg: kev piav qhia thiab cov duab

Slender birches kev zoo nkauj uas yuav pom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hav zoov, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv chaw ua si, kev thiab squares, ib zaug animates ancient Slavs thiab cov Druids thiab raug xam tias yog yam dawb ceev. Cov Birch tsev neeg muaj 6 genera ntawm cov ntoo, uas yog muab faib ua 234 hom.

Qhov tseem hlub thiab Revered ntawm cov haiv neeg ntawm txawv teb chaws nws yog birch. Nws mob siab rau cov kwv huam muaj hais txog nws cov lus dab neeg, siv nws kho kua thiab coj plig. Tag nrho cov ntoo teej tug mus rau lub tsev neeg Birch (cov neeg sawv cev - hornbeam, Alder, hazel, birch thiab lwm tus), muaj lam zog, uas yog tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj.

birch tsev neeg

Leej twg tau puas tau nyob rau hauv ib tug birch koog, nws paub hais tias cov huab cua yog kws dawb huv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias qhov no tsob ntoo nplooj emit volatile - tshwj xeeb antibacterial tshuaj uas yuav purify kuab cua. Qhov no feature paub cov txiv neej ntawm cov laus, nws yog siv rau tu ntawm lub nroog txoj kev los ntawm cov tso gases niaj hnub nroog planners. Uas yog vim li cas feem ntau nyob rau hauv tej chaw ua si tsob ntoo - los ntawm lub tsev neeg ntawm birch. Nws kuj muaj xws li: hornbeam, hazel, Alder, thiab ostrya ostryopsis.

Qhov zoo-paub dawb birch muab faib mus rau hauv warty thiab Fastigiata. Birch tsev neeg belongs rau lub deciduous ntoo, cua-pollinated thiab homed.

Dawb birch

Hlob Dawb birch pendula (Betula verrucosa) nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, North America, Central Asia thiab sab qaum teb teb chaws Africa. Qhov no tsob ntoo nce mus txog 30 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab muaj peev xwm nyob rau 120 los yog txawm ntau xyoo. Cov tub hluas ntxhais tsob ntoo tawv ntoo brownish, tab sis los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm 8, nws yuav dawb. Nws yog rau nws cov xim nws tau txais nws lub npe. Txhais los ntawm drevnekeltskogo betu nws txhais tau tias "dawb", yog li cov xim nyob rau hauv cov tawv ntoo hu ua betulin.

Lub npe warty birch tau txais los ntawm resinous qog nyob rau hauv nws cov ceg thiab zoo li me me cos. Nplooj - qhov no yog dab tsi koom siab ua ke rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm birch. General yam ntxwv ntawm kev txhawj xeeb, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ntawm lawv. Lawv bidentate, lwm, ncav ib ntev ntawm los ntawm 4 mus rau 7 cm nyob rau hauv dav - los ntawm 2 mus rau 5 cm nyob rau hauv feem ntau hom ntawm birch. Qhia, lawv yog tus los yog me ntsis them nrog villi, tab sis muaj kuj yog ib tug "muaj" pubescence.

Lub hauv paus system ntawm birch haib, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj ob qho chaw thiab sib sib zog nqus. Nws prefers fertile av, chiv thiab ntxhia nplua nuj. Flowering tsob ntoo los ntawm lub plaub hlis rau lub Tsib Hlis, txiv hmab txiv ntoo (me me txiv laum huab xeeb) paub tab nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj thiab lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj. Propagated los ntawm noob.

birch Fastigiata

Qhov no zoo ntawm warty birch txawv los ntawm nws los ntawm lub crown qauv. Nws yog nqaim thiab tapered, thiab cov ceg yog kuag mus, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws cov drooping "cov txheeb ze." Thaum uas tsis muaj qhov siab - tsuas yog 10 meters los ntawm Fastigiata (Birch Family) yog ib tug heev haib paus system thiab anti-cua lub cev.

Tsob ntoo loj hlob sai sai heev - txog li 40 cm ib xyoos, thiab lub neej expectancy tsis tshua tshaj 100 xyoo. Ntoo yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm lub birch, tab sis cia ntev npaum li cas, kom txog thaum lig Autumn. Flowering me me ntsuab, lus paj mus rau 1 cm.

Qhov no tsob ntoo yog Attendance zoo taus li lub qhuav lub caij ntuj sov thiab txias caij ntuj no. Ntuj kab - Tej zaum kab, weevils (kab), Bucephalus Corydalis, scolytus birch thiab nun npauj.

Alder

Txawm tias Alder thiab birch muaj nyob rau hauv qeb, cov tsev neeg muaj peev xwm tsis khav ntawm ntau extraordinary tsob ntoo li ntawd. Nws yog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov:

• Firstly, nws blooms thaum pib, thiab ces haj yam ua rau nplooj.
• Secondly, Alder "qhib" lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Flowering pib nws thaum nyob rau hauv av tseem them nrog daus, thiab tshav kub tsuas xav tias yuav nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.
• Peb, nws cov nplooj tsis tig daj thiab poob tawm ntsuab thiab nyob rau hauv lub lig lub caij nplooj zeeg.
• Plaub, cov Alder nplooj lawm ua tus sau nrog nitrogen kom nws fertilizes cov av nyob rau hauv uas tsob ntoo loj hlob.

• Fifth, cov khoom nws ntawm nws cov ntoo yuav nyuaj thaum raug dej ua rau nws indispensable nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm qhov dej thiab zus tau tej cov kas tham.

Txawm hais tias muaj txog 50 hom ntawm tsob ntoo no, lub ob feem ntau - dub Alder thiab grey. Lub npe dub (nplaum - lub thib ob lub npe), nws tau txais ua tsaug rau nws cov pob tw, uas darkens raws li lawv loj hlob lawm. Nplaum nws yog hu ua vim hais tias ntawm cov nplooj. Feem ntau cov feem ntau nws hlob nyob ib leeg los yog cov tib me me pab pawg neeg ntawm cov ntoo. Paj dub Alder pib nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tag nrho paub tab tsuas yog tom qab ib xyoos. Nws nyiam lub teeb thiab ya raws.

Alder muaj tsis tau tsuas yog lub cev ntawm cov xim, tab sis kuj yoojyim. Taxing, te resistant thiab hlob txawm pluag av. Txij li thaum Alder muaj lub peev xwm los loj hlob sai heev nyob rau hauv impenetrable thickets, nws yog feem ntau cog rau sau lub tsev nyiaj thiab qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm ravines thiab gullies.

hornbeam

Cov tsev neeg kuj muaj xws li birch hornbeam. Nws teb yog suav hais tias yog Tuam Tshoj thiab Asia. Nws pom tau tias zoo nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub, tab sis prefers phuam av, yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv qhuav summers xav tau kev pab ntxiv watering.

Lub neej expectancy hornbeam tsis haum mus rau hauv lub tsev neeg Birch, yam ntxwv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov uas feem ntau coincides, thaum lub sij hawm nruab nrab daim duab yog 100-120 xyoo. Cov tib tsob ntoo yooj yim nyob rau 300 xyoo, loj hlob mus rau ib tug qhov siab ntawm 30 meters thiab dav - 8 m.

Hornbeam blossoms me me txiv neej thiab poj niam inflorescence nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsej, tiam sis tsuas yog pib mus rau dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab 15-20 xyoos. Tus ntoo ntawm no tsob ntoo yog siv los ua rooj tog zaum thiab cov tais diav, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab tshwj xeeb kev kho mob los ntawm lwj, raws li nws absorbs noo noo thiab sai sai deteriorates.

Filbert

Tag nrho cov birch tsev neeg, uas muaj kev tsim txiv hmab txiv ntoo ceev, yuav tsis khav ntawm xws qab txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li hazelnut. Hazel raws li nws yog ncha styled, muaj tus duab ntawm nplooj, reminiscent ntawm bream, rau cov uas nws lub npe hu ua hazel. Los ntawm saum toj no lawv yog tsaus ntsuab, thiab hauv qab - lub teeb.

Common hazel tsis tshua nce saum toj no 7 m, muaj ob hom ntawm paj - cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsej thiab poj niam-zoo li buds. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo no yog lub teeb xim av nyob rau hauv cov xim, yog edible thiab muaj ob zoo heev saj thiab siv.

Tej zaum nws hu ua ntau hazel hazelnut, tab sis nws yog tsis heev muaj tseeb. Hazelnut yog nws nyeg hom, thiab nws txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog loj npaum li cas thiab ntau noj.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 20 hom ntawm cov xwm hazel, ib tug ntawm cov uas - ib tug Bush, thaum lwm tus neeg - yog ntoo siab siab, xeeb 30 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab, xws li ib tug txiv dais, loj hlob mus txog 200 xyoo. Thiab Neeg Esxias Hazel - birch tsob nroj ntawm tsev neeg - tsis pub tshaj ib qhov siab ntawm 3 meters thiab qhia tib yam li qab, tab sis tsis raws li noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, raws li nws zoo tib yam ntau ntau yam.

ostrya

Qhov no tsob ntoo yog tsis zoo paub nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe raws li nws cov hom haiv neeg North America, Nyiv, Asia muaj hnub nyoog thiab lub Caucasus.

Ostrya hlob rau 25 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab, nws muaj shatrovidnuyu shape yas xim av tawv thiab finely toothed lwm nplooj. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj tsuas yog 4 tsiaj ntawm cov ntoo:

• Ostrya Virginia (US), nyob rau hauv txoj kev thiab chaw ua si ntawm Kiev, Moscow thiab St. Petersburg, tab sis kis yog tsawg tshaj li tag nrho cov birch tsev neeg.

• Ordinary ostrya hlub sov, yog li hlob nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, lub Mediterranean thiab cov teb chaws Asia muaj hnub nyoog.
• Japanese - yog pom xwb nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv.
• Ostrya Noltona hlob xwb nyob rau hauv North America, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv kev yog tsis paub.

Npaj siab mus faus cov hom ntawm cov ntoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nrog txias winters tsis tau muaj kev vam meej.

ostryopsis

Nws yog ib tug genus ntawm flowering shrubs, haiv neeg mus rau Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia. Lawv loj hlob los ntawm 3 m los 5 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab secreted mus rau hauv 2 hom:

• Ostryopsis David - ib tug hav txwv yeem 3 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab nrog sab ovate nplooj, tua thiab downy staminate paj nyob rau hauv tsej cylindrical zoo.

• Ostryopsis noble - ib tug txiv neej thiab poj niam paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov me me ceev sau nyob rau hauv lub kav.

Qhov no nroj tsuag yog tsis paub zoo nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, ces nws yuav tsum pom xwb nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev lub teb chaws.