Arts thiab lom ze, Ntaub ntawv
Biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Bloc
Lub npe nrov symbolist kws sau paj lug ntawm lub nyiaj hnub nyoog, hits tag nrho nws tsis kawg txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm Russia thiab cov neeg. Hlub thiab kev txom nyem muab lub immensity, ib tug txiv neej nrog ib tug broad siab thiab sib hlub ua neej lub neej. Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Bloc merit nws fullness thiab kov ub kov no.
Phau ntawv sau txog cov kws sau paj lug
Thaiv Aleksandr Aleksandroviya, yug nyob rau hauv 1880, nyob rau 28 Kaum ib hlis. Muab yug - Petersburg. Nws niam nws txiv: tus txiv - AL Thaiv yuristm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub University of Warsaw, nws niam - AA Beketov, tus ntxhais ntawm tus naas ej tus paub txog thiab botanist.
Tus tub niam thiab txiv sib nrauj ua ntej nws twb yug los, li ntawd, loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug lawm tsev neeg twb tsis tau tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los, IB yawg rau lub niam sab Beketov, nws tsev neeg tau zus thiab Alexander, ncig lub me nyuam vim kev kho mob thiab saib xyuas. Kuv tau muab nws ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv thiab pib nyob rau hauv lub neej. IB nws tus kheej Beketov yog rector ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. High ncaj ncees thiab kev cai chaw ntawm lub surrounding chaw tau tshuav nws cov cim nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ideologies thiab kev kawm ntawv Thaiv.
Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus, nws nteg txoj kev hlub ntawm lub classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv. Pushkin, Apukhtin, Zhukovsky, qhov tseeb, Grigoriev - cov no yog cov npe, nyob rau hauv uas nws ua hauj lwm ib tug me me chav tsev thiab loj hlob txuas mus rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov paj huam.
Yog li ntawd, kev cob qhia
Tus thawj theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv rau cov Bloc tau los ua ib tug high school nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Tom qab nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1898 nws nkag mus hauv lub St. Petersburg University, cov kws lij choj. Nws xaus kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv kev kawm 1901 thiab hloov cov kev coj ntawm lub keeb kwm-philological.
Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub University, nws thaum kawg txiav txim siab mus delve rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no muaj siab yog tam los ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj thiab picturesque toj roob hauv pes, uas yog nyob rau ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm nws yawg. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv uas ib puag ncig, Alexander tag nrho cov absorbed lub rhiab heev thiab subtlety ntawm xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, thiab qhov no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam. Txij thaum ntawd los, thiab pib ua hauj lwm lub Bloc.
Nrog nws niam tsev koom tes ib tug heev cordial kev sib raug zoo, nws txoj kev hlub thiab kev hwm rau nws tsis kawg. Nws yog li kev tuag ntawm tus niam kuj tau xa nws nws tej hauj lwm.
cov tsos ntawm
Nws tsos tau sau ntawv MA Voloshin. Nws hu ua lub ntsej muag ntawm Alexander BLOK ntshiab thiab txias, heev twj ywm, muab piv nrog Greek marble daim npog qhov ncauj. Nws taw rau tus raug thiab tob dua thiab cov ntsej muag nta, nyob rau hauv nyias-txiav lub hauv pliaj, dabtsi yog khoov ob daim di ncauj. Kuv nyiag mus rau lub meej mom ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj curly plaub hau kws sau paj lug.
Andrey Bely qhia txog ib tug heev zoo xws li cov tsos Bloc kuj qhia ntau txog on ib tug noj qab nyob zoo complexion, zoo nkauj thiab tuab cov plaub hau, cov spectacular thiab statuesque daim duab, muaj zog thiab txaus nyiam. Nws kuj hais meej txog kev txhaum thiab spontaneity nyob rau hauv nws ob lub qhov muag Bloc, nws txawv thiab kaj ob lub qhov muag. Feem ntau nws tsos nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas piv nrog rau cov duab ntawm Apollo. Nyob rau hauv nws mature xyoo - nrog Dante.
domesticity
Los ntawm virtue ntawm nws ardent xwm, tsis dim mus rau lub zoo tagnrho ntawm tus zoo nkauj, lub chav tsev yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib tug poj niam zoo nkauj uas yuav ua nws rog xav txog ntawm tag nrho nws zog thiab kev xav ntawm txoj kev hlub. Rau cov uas nws twb tau mus sau nws tej hauj lwm, uas yuav ua tau nws muse.
Thiab nyob rau hauv 1898, nws pom qhov no. Nws tsuas yog rau ib tug lub neej tus poj niam thiab thawj zaug kev hlub yog muaj zog - tus ntxhais ntawm lub chemist Mendeleyev, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (Thaiv).
Cov hauj lwm rau lub neej
Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Bloc hloov zuj zuj nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj hais tias nws, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus cov ntaub ntawv, koom nyob rau hauv heev worldly tej xwm txheej. Piv txwv li:
Nws yog ib tug active neeg ntawm txaus ntshai productions nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam thiab txawm pom nws tus kheej raws li ib tug actor, tab sis ib tug txawj ua hauj lwm attracted rau nws ntxiv lawm;
(. 1905-1906) rau ob xyoo sib law liag yog yog li ntawd ib tug tib neeg tim khawv thiab muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary cov rooj sib tham thiab demonstrations;
ua nws txoj kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas kem nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Golden Chais ya cov plaub";
nrog rau cov 1916-1917 biennium. muab rov qab rau lub motherland, thaum pab nyob ze Pinsk (engineering thiab kev tsim kho tub cheev xwm);
Nws yog ib feem ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub Bolshoi Drama Theatre;
nyob rau hauv cov sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm cov tub rog tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug Commission ntawm nug ntawm extraordinary ministers ntawm tus huab tais lub affairs. Nws ua hauj lwm muaj Editor verbatim cov ntaub ntawv kom txog rau thaum 1921.
Early Works Thaiv
Nws thawj nqe me ntsis Sasha sau rov qab nyob rau hauv tsib lub xyoos. Txawm ces, nws nyeem makings ntawm ib tug txawj uas yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau tsim. Qhov thaiv thiab koom.
Hlub thiab Russia - ob nyiam ntxhais ntawm creativity. BLOK sau ntau yam txog hais tias, thiab hais txog lwm yam. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntawm ib thaum ntxov rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob thiab realization ntawm nws tej txuj ci attracted rau nws feem ntau kev hlub. Cov duab ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj poj niam uas twb nrhiav tau rau nws qhov txhia chaw, seized nws tseem ceeb. Thiab lub ntiajteb no embodiment ntawm nws lub tswv yim nws pom nyob rau hauv lub Lyubovi Mendeleevoy.
Lub ntsiab ntawm txoj kev hlub nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Bloc yog qhia raws li kiag li ntshiab thiab zoo nkauj hais tias nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau hais tsis sib haum. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias nws thawj tus me nyuam - ib tug sau ntawm kwv huam - hu ua "Verses txog cov nkauj Lady" thiab nplooj siab mus rau nws tus poj niam. Ib tug poj koob cawv nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm no sau los ntawm cov kwv huam nyob rau hauv BLOK lub paj huam muab Solovyov, thwj tim thiab follower uas nws xam tau tias yog.
Tag nrho cov kwv huam betrays ib tug nkag siab ntawm nyob mus ib txhis femininity, kev zoo nkauj, naturalness. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov kab zauv thiab cov nqe lus siv nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv, yog allegorical, surreal ua cim. Qhov thaiv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim lam ua nyob rau hauv lub "lwm worlds".
pib chim siab
Lub revolutionary cov txheej xwm, tsis meej nyob rau hauv tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo, tsis miserably npau suav ntawm ib tug huv si thiab kaj yav tom ntej rau cov Lavxias teb sab ua hauj lwm quab yuam Bloc yauv ib cov hloov. Nws sau los tom ntej no yog hu ua "Npaj txhij txog kev kaj siab" (1906).
Ntau thiab ntau nws yuav ua rau kev lom zem ntawm lub Symbolists, uas nws tus kheej tsis muaj xws li tag nrho cov muaj muaj zog thiab ntau cynical txog kev cia siab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tuaj. Nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary txheej xwm, uas yog kiag li nyob rau sab ntawm lub Bolsheviks, ntseeg lawv ua yog xwb.
Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm (1906) nws luam tawm nws trilogy ntawm dramas. Ua ntej, "Lub Puppet Show" tom qab ib co sij hawm "nyob rau hauv lub King Square", thiab ua tiav no trio ntawm "Cov Hmoob". Lub tsev yog muaj ib tug tsis paub kev paub txog los ntawm cov imperfections ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, lawv disappointments. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws nyiam actress NN Volokhova. Txawm li cas los, them pauj tsis tau uas ntxiv bitterness ntawm nws cov paj huam, irony thiab skepticism.
Andrei Bely thiab lwm yam adherents ntawm ua ntej lawm cov paj huam, tsis txhob noj cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub thaiv thiab thuam nws tam sim no ua hauj lwm. Alexander BLOK tseem adamant. Nws yog chim thiab tu siab heev.
"Trilogy incarnation"
Nyob rau hauv 1909, BLOK tuag txiv, uas nws muaj tsis muaj lub sij hawm hais goodbye. Qhov no muab ib tug txawm ntau dua cov nyhuv rau nws xeev siab, thiab nws txiav txim siab los muab lawv feem ntau tiag tiag li rau nws lub siab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug poetic trilogy, uas muab lub npe "trilogy incarnation."
Yog li ntawd creativity BLOK nyob rau hauv 1911-1912 twb cim los ntawm cov tsos ntawm peb collections ntawm cov kwv huam, uas yog poetic npe:
"Verses txog cov nkauj Lady";
"Npaj txhij txog kev kaj siab";
"Daus Hmo ntuj".
Ib xyoo tom qab, nws tso ib tug series ntawm kev hlub kwv huam, "Carmen", sau cov paj huam "Nightingale vaj", nplooj siab mus rau nws cov tshiab hobby - singer LA Delmas.
Rodina bloc nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm
Pib los ntawm 1908, lub kws sau paj lug rau nws ua tsis raws li ib tug lyricist, tab sis raws li vospevatel lawv teb chaws. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws sau xws kwv huam li:
"Caij nplooj zeeg yoj";
"Caij nplooj zeeg Hlub";
"Russia";
"Nyob rau Kulikovo Field".
Tag nrho cov hauj lwm uas imbued nrog txoj kev hlub rau hauv lub teb chaws, mus rau lub teb chaws. Ib tug kws sau paj lug nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qhia tau hais tias ob tug sib nrauj ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv Russia: cov neeg txom nyem thiab kev tshaib kev nqhis, pious, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, savagery, wildness thiab txoj kev ywj pheej.
Lavxias teb sab ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Bloc, lub birthplace ntawm lub ntsiab lus - ib qho ntawm feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm nws poetic lub neej. Rau nws, lub motherland - yog ib tug nyob, ua tsis taus pa thiab kev xav. Yog li ntawd, nws yog nyuaj heev, prohibitively nyuaj muab tus txheej xwm ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig.
Lub ntsiab ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Bloc
Tom qab lub revolutionary tiam sis ntawm ntes tag nrho nws lub hwj huam dawb huv, tus kws sau paj lug yuav luag tag loses nws lyricism thiab kev hlub nyob hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Tam sim no, tag nrho cov point ntawm nws ua hauj lwm yog tswj Russia, nws teb koj chaw.
Thaiv nruab nrab yog nws lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub verses nrog ib tug poj niam, nws ua rau nws yuav luag palpable, tiag tiag, Yog hais tias humanizes. Rodina bloc nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm tej teev yuav siv sij hawm ib tug nqi uas ntau tshaj txoj kev hlub nws yeej tsis sau.
Ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub Bolsheviks thiab lawv qhov tseeb, nws undergoes ib tug phem, yuav luag suicidal rau nws tag kev cia siab thaum nws pom qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Tshaib plab, neeg txom nyem, kev puas tsuaj, qhov loj extermination ntawm lub intelligentsia - tag nrho cov no tsim nyob rau hauv lub minds ntawm Thaiv Island hostile cwj pwm mus rau lub Symbolists, lub lyrics thiab tam sim no ua li cas nrog xwb xwb satiristicheskoy, lom mockery ntawm txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.
Txawm li cas los, nws txoj kev hlub rau Russia yog zoo li ntawd hais tias nws tseem ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm nws lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yuav sawv, yuav co thiab yuav tsum tau qhia nws lub hwj chim thiab yeeb koob. Thaiv Creativity, Mayakovsky, Yesenin nyob rau hauv lub zoo sib xws.
Nyob rau hauv 1918, Thaiv sau paj huam "Kaum Ob tug", feem ntau zag nrov thiab tag nrho cov ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, uas tshwm sim los ib tug ntau ntawm taug xaiv thiab tham txog nws. Tab sis thuam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yoojyim kuv txias, lub nascent kev nyuaj siab pib nqus nws tseem ceeb.
Cov paj huam "Lub Kaum Ob tug"
Tus sau pib sau ntawv nws ua hauj lwm "Kaum Ob tug" nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm Lub ib hlis ntuj. Nyob rau hauv thawj hnub nws twb tsis tawg. Nyob rau hauv nws sau ntawv hais tias: "Hauv lub shivers." Tom qab ntawd nws nres sau ntawv kwv huam, thiab tas nws lub kws sau paj lug tau muaj kev tswj tsuas yog nyob rau 28 Lub ib hlis ntuj.
Tom qab tus ntawv ntawm no ua hauj lwm tau hloov dramatically Creative Thaiv. Piav mentsis txog nws raws li nram no: lub kws sau paj lug tau poob nws tus kheej, tuaj ib tug muaj tswv yim ntsoog, stagnation.
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov paj huam txhua pom tau hais tias txawv. Ib tug neeg pom nws nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, mockery simvolisticheskimi views. Ib tug neeg, on qhov tsis tooj, ib tug satirical sis thiab mockery ntawm revolutionary kev txiav txim. Txawm li cas los, cov thaiv kom tsim cov paj huam meant ob leeg. Nws yog contradictory, zoo li nws mus ob peb vas rau ntawm lub sij hawm.
Nyob rau hauv Balmont los ntawm lub sij hawm nws chim nws tus kheej. Yog li, lub tsev tseem yuav luag ib.
post-revolutionary creativity
Tsuas yog peb tej hauj lwm tau sau los ntawm tus sau tom qab lub kiv puag ncig:
"Scythians";
"Teb koj chaw";
"Kev sib pauj xwb", uas nws tau tsis tas sau ntawv.
Cov kiv puag ncig coj qhov chaw, thiab lub bitterness ntawm cov Bolshevik txoj cai narosla siab thiab kev rau siab. Xws li ib tug incision ntawm dab tsi twb tau cog lus thiab dab tsi twb ua raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub kiv puag ncig, tau ua unbearable rau lub Bloc. Thaiv yuav tau piav luv luv hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no, tsis sau dab tsi.
Yuav ua li cas yuav sau tom qab txog kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, "lub Bolsheviks tua nws." Thiab qhov no yog muaj tseeb tiag. Thaiv yog tau los kom tiv thaiv nqa mus thiab lub sib xws ntawm cov lo lus thiab deeds ntawm cov tshiab tsoom fwv. Tsis tau zam txim rau kuv tus kheej rau cov nyiaj them yug rau hauv lub Bolsheviks, lawv dig muag thiab shortsightedness.
Cov chav tsev yog muaj cov muaj zog discord ntawm nws tus kheej, tag tawm nyob rau hauv lawv puab txoj kev xav thiab kev nyuaj siab. Cov no ib tug kab mob. Los ntawm Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1921 mus rau thaum ntxov Lub yim hli ntuj, tus kab mob tsis tso cov kws sau paj lug, goading nws muaj zog. Tsuas yog qee tawm hauv ib nrab-nco qab lawm nws nws ntxias nws tus poj niam, Lyubov Mendeleev (Thaiv). Lub yim hli ntuj 7 Thaiv tuag.
Nyob qhov twg lub kws sau paj lug nyob thiab ua hauj lwm
Niaj hnub no, biography thiab creativity Bloc captivate thiab txhawb ntau. Ib qhov chaw uas nws nyob thiab muaj nws cov kwv huam muab rau hauv ib tug tsev cia puav pheej. Los ntawm cov duab peb yuav txiav txim txog qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv uas lub kws sau paj lug ua hauj lwm.
Cov tsos ntawm cov qub txeeg qub tes, nyob qhov twg lub kws sau paj lug siv nws lub sij hawm, koj yuav saib tau nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab nyob rau sab laug.
Cov chav tsev nyob qhov twg lub kws sau paj lug siv lub xeem iab thiab yooj yim lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej (yees duab hauv qab no).
Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, ib tug monument commemorating cov sau phau ntawv lub npe nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab them tribute rau tus hwm ntawm nws undeniable txuj ci.
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