As-ham

Cov tswvyim no twb nkag tau mus rau cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub biosphere zoo paub txog Vernadsky. As-ham Vernadsky - "ib yam khoom uas ua los ntawm lub neej, nrog rau feem ntau haib tej zaum zog." Nws yog hais txog bitumen, roj, limestone, thee, thiab lwm yam

Cias muab, hais ntawm cov organic teeb meem thiab cov as-ham muaj. Piv txwv - ntaub plaub, cov hniav poob antlers poob noog plaub, nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab pollens, tsob ntoo tawv ntoo los yog poob ntoo, tsiaj quav. Rau cov as koom pearls, eggshell, kua tsib (lub raum) pob zeb, mis nyuj, kua paj ntoo, web, txhob lo lo ntxhuav. Daim ntawv no kev txom.

Tsis-biogenic tshuaj kuj yuav tsim los ntawm muaj sia nyob, tab sis nws yog, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub as yog tsis tshua muaj tsis ruaj tsis khov nyob rau hauv lub biosphere li energetically siv nyob rau hauv lwm yam muaj sia nyob.

Tshwj xeeb yog raug txheej txheem rau cov organic tebchaw. Tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm cov uas tsis yog-biogenic tshuaj ua fossils, tsiv nyob rau hauv polibiogennye tshuaj. Sedimentary pob zeb ntawm peb ntiaj chaw raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los geological epochs. Los ntawm polibiogennym tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub sediment yuav ua tau, piv txwv li, muaj xws li detritus (zaub), qhov seem ntawm tus kab mob no (peb hu lawv mummified), coprolites, amber, mikrobiogennye minerals (hlau hydroxides, sulfides, carbonates, etc.).

Roob ntiaj teb pob zeb raug tsim, tsuas yog los ntawm muaj sia nyob. Cov tib carbonate pob zeb (dolomite, limestone, cwj mem av dawb) yog cov kev tshwm sim ntawm plankton kev ua si thiab hauv qab films dej dej thiab dej hiav txwv.

Koprolitovye limestones kuj pom tau hais tias yuav biogenic. Qhov no kuj yog lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv uas lub pib cov ntaub ntawv uas rau txoj kev cov quav los ua av nkos-eaters uas tau kho txiv qaub YL.

Hom silica (quartz, opal, chalcedony) yog tsim feem ntau ntawm cov skeletal seem ntawm tus "silicon" tus kab mob no - diatom algae (diatoms) Radiolarian, lub paj rwb, silikoflagellat.

Tab sis Fuels (caustobioliths) - sedimentary pob zeb thiab yog yus muaj los ntawm END cov as-ham rau peb. Caustobiolites tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tej lub zog khiav dej num ntawm ntau yam muaj sia nyob.

Tshwj xeeb yog organic uas tsis yog-biogenic yam khoom uas yog sib sau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov pas dej thiab marshes, tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub biosphere. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws hais txog 60% ntawm cov peat reserves ntawm lub ntiaj teb no lub ntim. Thiab qhov no yog vim muaj ib tug kev thaj chaw thiab, ntawm chav kawm, kev nyab xeeb.

Continental dej thiab tej dej hiav txwv noog seem ntawm plankton thiab benthic kab dawb-floating, sapropel (xuab zeb deposits nyob rau hauv cov dej tshiab), tsiaj excrements. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib feem ntawm txoj kev no, koj muaj peev xwm txawm saib lub tsev taig.

Thee, nyob rau hauv nws tig, yog tsim los ntawm peat, tab sis twb ancient. Roj shales yog tsim los ntawm sapropel. Ntawm no, ib tug organic tshuaj uas yog lub phytoplankton (residues). Tab sis muaj slates "polugoryuchie" - nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj qhov seem ntawm zooplankton thiab zoobenthos.

As-ham thiab los ua qhov ua rau ntawm "dub kub" - roj. "Cov niam txiv" roj - qhov seem ntawm tus twb hais planktonic kab mob.

Hom phosphate, manganese thiab caj pas - sedimentary, ib tug tsis tshua muaj concentration ntawm as tshuaj.

Yog hais tias peb xav txog qhov phosphorite deposits, ntau tshaj 90% yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv qab sediments ntawm lub seas, hauv keeb kwm, raws li tej zaum koj yuav twv, organic. Lub ntsiab tsav ntawm phosphorus - phytoplankton, uas yog feem ntau yog li piav raws li cov dej glow thaum hmo ntuj. Tab sis phosphorus txo rau lub hiav txwv pem teb - quav zooplankton.

Ferruginous manganese los yog pob zeb tsim muaj sia nyob swamps, pas dej, seas, dej hiav txwv. hlau thiab manganese concentration ntawm hlau nyob li.

Nyob kab mob thiab yog alleity (xws li bauxite), ntsev, clayey thiab clastic pob zeb.

Tab sis "cov feem ntau haib tej zaum zog" yog tsim tiam dhau ib tiam thiab millennia, delaying los ntawm cov zauv feem ntawm ib tug millimeter. Peb siv no lub zog rau ib tug loj heev scale. Nyob rau lub zeem muag yuav tsum xav hais tias txoj cai tam sim no, vim hais tias nrog lub pace ntawm feem ntau Tshuag ntawm cov kev pab yog tag nrho sab sab los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua ...