Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub biosphere: qhov chaw

Yuav luag txhua educated neeg, tsis hais seb nws los yog nws cov kev siv zog, hnov suab dog dig mysterious lo lus "noosphere" nyob rau hauv txawm kheej ntawm kev ua si. Nws yog suav tias yog raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb novelty ntawm lub XX xyoo pua, xws li lub hom phiaj ntawm evolution tau nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los xyoo pua. Wb sim dua kom to taub qhov no poluzagadochnoy lub tswv yim dab tsi tshwm sim rau cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub biosphere thiab cov noosphere, li ntawd, zoo mob nrog rau lub npe ntawm scientific thiab philosophical cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Vernadsky.

Ua ntej, peb paub raws nraim hauv lub xyoo ntawm nws yug thiab nws ncaj qha sau.

Rov qab nyob rau hauv 1875, lub sij hawm "biosphere" twb xub qhia nyob rau hauv scientific kiv puag ncig Austrian geologist Eduard Zyuss. Tab sis nws tsis txhais tau lub tswvyim, tsis tau xaiv nws scientific objectivity, tsuav txaus lo lus "biosphere" siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub ntsiab.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm no twb tau muab siv raws li ib tug science nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub College de France - Paris tus naas ej tsev kawm ntawv, nto moo rau highbrow theem ntawm kev qhia ntawv, lus qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv 1927. sau ntawm lub sij hawm yog tus philosopher thiab mathematician Eduard Lerua. Interestingly, lub co-neeg sau ntawm lub noosphere tswvyim tau raug lees paub tias thiab associate ntawm Le Roy - Ib Teyyar de Chardin. Tab sis cov no ob zaum ncaj qha xa lawv listeners thiab txawj nyeem ntawv mus rau lub biosphere los ntawm ib tug Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij Vladimir Vernadsky, uas tau muab nws lectures nyob rau Sorbonne.

Vladimir Ivanovich, formulated cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub biosphere ntxiv nws reflections rau lub hauv paus ntawm biogeochemical mus kom ze rau nws. Txij li thaum lub 30s ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua rau lub tswv yim ntawm noosphere shrinks tag nrho cov hwj chim optimistic outlook ntawm tus paub txog.

Tiam sis rov qab rau lub sij hawm mus rau lub hauv paus pib, mus rau lub Le Roy thiab Teilhard de Chardin. Yuav ua li cas yog lub essence ntawm lawv cov tswv yim? Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tus tib neeg tsiaj nyob rau hauv ib tug series ntawm ascending daim ntawv txhais tau tias lawv xav hais tias evolution hais kom siv lwm yam kev txhais tau tias, heev dua lwm yam kev puas hlwb zog. Zaum hais tias evolution tau tsim nyob rau hauv tib neeg daim ntawv nkaus tshiab txhais tau tias ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lawv tus kheej - ib tug tshwj xeeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab psychic muaj peev xwm, xws li ib tug thawj nyob rau hauv cov xwm tsis muaj nyob rau tag nrho cov. Chardin nws tus kheej tau hais tseg thiab yus thaj chaw ntawm no phenomenon - tib neeg: lub xub ntiag ntawm paab txawj ntse, nws tus kheej paub thiab muaj peev xwm, yog li ntawd yuav tsum paub nws tus kheej, tsuas yog mus creatively ua si tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv tom qab ua hauj lwm, "Qhov chaw ntawm tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv cov xwm," nws suav hais tias cov nqe lus nug ntawm lub keeb kwm thiab lub neej thiab nws cov essence, muab cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub dav dav ntau yam ntawm lub cosmic txheej txheem lub complexity ntawm qhov teeb meem.

Interestingly, tus tub hluas Vladimir, thaum tseem muaj ib tug university me nyuam kawm ntawv, sau nyob rau hauv nws chaw muag mis nyuj ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub tswv yim, ua rau cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub biosphere mus rau lub philosophical teeb meem no. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws sib cav hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv ib tug planetary xeem yuav muab sau raws li ib tug keeb kwm ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm qhov teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov ntawm cov kev hloov no tsis tshwm sim nthawv thiab across, tab sis raws li ntshiab heev qauv ntawm lub universal theem.

Nyob rau hauv nqe lus no, tus neeg sau ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub biosphere ua mus rau lub xaus hais tias qhov twg qhov teeb meem mas, "tuag", nws yeej tsis tuag, tiam sis tsuas yog "dozhiznenna" lub neej nyob rau hauv nws muaj ib tug potentiality. Qhov no tshwm sim Vernadsky hu ua hominization, ib yam ntawm cov planetary evolution dhia rau ib tug cosmic theem, raws li cov rov qab (vitalization) teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub hom phiaj ntawm lub biosphere, xav tias cov tsos ntawm tus txiv neej, tsis ntau los yog tsawg dua, qhov tseeb ntxiv, ib tug qualitatively tshiab txiag ntawm lub biosphere nws tus kheej, ua raws li los ntawm nws thiab tag nrho lub cosmic txheej txheem. Txuam nyob rau hauv no txoj kev nrog lub evolutionary ib theem zuj zus ntawm lub neej, tus txiv neej, txawm li cas los, yog tus thawj tag nrho. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm no thesis, lub creators thiab followers ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub noosphere yuav ntseeg tau tias cov neeg no tsis yog ib tus neeg sawv cev hom, thiab tsis yog tus "yas" ntawm qhov, tiam sis tsuas yog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tug tshiab kev txiav txim ntawm kev muaj tiag, uas nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub biosphere ua raws li ywj siab tshiab "kheej".

Gomizatsiya yog ib tug los ntawm txoj kev uas tus tshiab thiab evolving cov kev pab cuam, maj nce saum toj no rau hauv cov tsiaj biosphere.

Nyob rau nws lub sij hawm tib neeg kheej, tsiag ntawv los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm rog xav txog, lub peev xwm ntawm ib tug neeg mus rau ib tug dawb thiab meej pem xaiv thiab creativity. Qhov no yog qhov realm ntawm yog vim li cas - cov noosphere. Uas yog, lub zog ntawm kev xav Vernadsky, peb pom cov muaj siab xa mus rau kev qhia ntawm lub biosphere raws li ib tug ua ntej txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug ntau dua kev txiav txim - lub noosphere kev tshawb xav.