Artist Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich: biography, creativity

Lub brightest, thawj artist ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich tau nyob ib qho interesting thiab sij hawm uas tseem lub neej. Nws mus los ntawm tus ntawm txawv ntxias, revolutionary quest thiab nrhiav nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kos duab. Nws legacy hnub no yog ob peb puas ua hauj lwm, uas yog nyob rau hauv ntau collections nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Childhood thiab Tsev Neeg

Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich tau yug los nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Mikhailovskoye thaj tsam ntawm lub Don Cossacks (niaj hnub no Volgograd cheeb tsam) mus rau hauv ib tug neeg txom nyem neeg pluag tsev neeg. Ilya yog tus hlob ntawm cuaj cov me nyuam, thiab cov nyiaj los ntawm cov niam txiv, koom nyob rau hauv petty luam, yog tsis nyob rau cov kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam. Tub, uas los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog nws pom zoo traction thiab muaj peev xwm kos, twb raug xa mus rau lub parish lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv 11 xyoo, coj nws tawm thiab xa mus rau ua hauj lwm ces nws yuav pab txhawb nqa tsev neeg. Nws muaj ib tug kav ua lag luam txiv hmab txiv ntoo 14 teev sawv nyob rau hauv lawv ko taw, pab cov neeg muas zaub, nws ntxub txoj hauj lwm, tab sis muaj tsis muaj kev xaiv.

Txoj hauj lwm thiab kev kawm

Mashkov Ilya tom qab mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub khw ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam, ua hauj lwm tsis yog ib qho yooj yim, tab sis nws yog tej zaum muab rau xim banners thiab tej yam tshwm sim. Cov kev ua no muab nws zoo siab kawg. Nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm spare nws theej duab los ntawm cov phau ntawv Magazine, ua sketches ntawm tej ib chig, cov noog. Tus tub nyiam kos. Txawm tias nws tsis tshua muaj neeg tsis txaus nyiaj txiag qhov teeb meem no, nws kom nyob rau hauv lub mail box ntawm cov xim tsev. Muaj ib hnub tus xib fwb Borisoglebskaya chav xyaum tes taw pom nqus ib tug tub hluas thiab nug nws tias nws xav kawm kom paub. Ilya yog xav tsis thoob vim hais tias nws twb tsis paub tias koj yuav kawm tau mus kos. Yog li ntawd nws tau pib kom tau cov thawj cov kev txawj thiab cov tswv yim pab los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no tso cai rau nws to taub nws txoj hauj lwm thiab teem ib lub hom phiaj - los ua ib tug artist.

Nyob rau hauv 1900 nws nkag mus hauv lub Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting. Ntawm no nws paub los ntawm koj cov kws qhia ntawv: Konstantin Korovin, Pasternak, Valentin Serov, Vasnetsov. Los ntawm cov thawj lub xyoos ntawm kawm ntawv Mashkov tso tawm kom pom ib tug zoo heev txuj ci thiab eccentric cim. Nws yog heev fond ntawm hyperbole, ib tug dhau heev lawm ntawm cov xim, nrog ib tug ntau ntawm lub sij hawm muab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev kos duab, yog heev haumxeeb. Raws li cov tau nyiaj tsawg cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws muaj ib feem lub sij hawm, thiab txij li thaum 1904 Mashkov pib muab zaj lus qhia, ua haujlwm tau nyiaj ib tug nyob.

revolutionary hluas

Mashkov Ilya haum sai sai tau txais nyob rau hauv nws ob txhais taw. Nyob rau hauv 1906, nws ua nws tus kheej ib tug studio nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntawm lub Polytechnic Society. Nws yuav nws lub tsev kom txog thaum lub kawg ntawm lub tswv yim hnub. Nyob rau hauv 1907, nws tau ntsib nrog Petrom Konchalovskim, lub rooj sib tham muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau cov artist. Nyob rau hauv 1908, cov artist yuav mus rau cov teb chaws Europe, mus xyuas Fabkis, England, Austria, lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis, Spain, nyob qhov twg nws tau ntsib nrog rau cov tshiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv painting.

Nyob rau hauv 1910, Mashkov raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, tab sis nws twb pom nws txoj kev. Cov artist yog tseem muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm, noj peb zaj lus qhia nyob rau studio ntawm Konstantin Korovin, sau ntawv kev cai portraits thiab tseem lifes. Nws muab, nrog rau ntawm lub Salon nyob rau hauv Paris, qhov chaw uas nws ua hauj lwm yog yuav Lavxias teb sab philanthropist Morozov. Txawm ces, cov painting Mashkov paub qhov txawv txawv saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab lub lwm tus tej khoom. Nws yog imbued nrog revolutionary tswv yim nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab xav hloov lub Lavxias teb sab kos duab.

"Jack ntawm Diamonds"

Nyob rau hauv 1911, Mashkov Ilya Petrom Konchalovskim nrog puag artistic haiv neeg "Jack ntawm Diamonds." Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv 1910 muaj ib qho kev tso rau neeg pom nrog tib lub npe, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug zoo li-minded ntxias tsim lub zej zog ntawm lub tib lub npe. Tus heev lub npe rau shock cov neeg tuaj saib, alluding rau cov nom tswv neeg raug kaw. Moscow aims muab ntxias ua kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv kos duab, thiab lawv ua tau zoo siab. Lawv txwv tus sawv ntawm kev kawm ntawv thiab realism, hais tias lub dominance ntawm Impressionist, Fauvist thiab Cubist tswv yim.

Mashkov yog ib tug ntawm cov ideologists ntawm lub zej zog. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws, "Jacks" yog li ntawd feem ntau pleev xim rau tseem lifes, reminiscent tej yam tshwm sim ntawm tsev muag khoom noj. Ntxias experimented nrog daim ntawv no thiab cov xim. Tsis zoo li ntau ntawm cov avant-garde, Mashkov thiab comrades thov objectivity nyob rau hauv kos duab. Nyob rau hauv 1911-14 xyoo lub artist yog tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm cov haiv neeg, koom rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm nws cov miv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 nws sab laug lub "Jack ntawm Diamonds" thiab xa txawv teb chaws.

Mashkov thiab "ntiaj teb ntawm Art"

Thaum rov qab los Mashkov nkag mus rau hauv "lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Art" - ib lub koom haum uas tau muaj txij thaum lub caij puv 19 xyoo pua thiab koom lub feem ntau tseem ceeb Lavxias teb sab ntxias. Cia li nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no, lub band tshaj tawm tau ntawm txoj kev tshiab classics, nws ua lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ntawm lub "Tshiab Academy" Alexander Benois. Qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 10-ies ntawm XX xyoo pua yog yooj yim kev nyuab teej tug mus rau lub zej zog. Txawm hais tias "ntiaj teb no ntawm Art" - lub union ntawm designating ib tug enormous pab mus rau Lavxias teb sab kos duab, thaum lub sij hawm Mashkov nws twb yog, es, lub formal kev sib sau. Cov artist koom nyob rau hauv miv thiab kev txhawb comrades. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, Mashkov tseem muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm, tab sis maj mam los txog rau ib tug tshiab realism.

Lub koom haum ntawm Artists ntawm Revolutionary Russia

Nyob rau hauv 1925, Mashkov Ilya yuav siv sij hawm ib tug tshiab lub neej AHRR, uas pab ib tug tshiab, revolutionary hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov thawj ideologists ntawm socialist realism. Cov artist belongs rau lub koom haum kom txog rau thaum nws disintegration nyob rau hauv 1929. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, nws paints ib tug zoo siab lub neej tshiab, portraits ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm siv thiab ua, tseem lub neej nrog ib tug nplua mais ntawm cov khoom noj. Moscow painters, yav tas los lug txhawb cov miv Mashkov, tsis to taub nws cov tshiab hom phiaj, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv exile. Ilya Ivanovich tseem nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab tag nrho cov kev pab txhawb tswv yim tshiab. Nyob rau hauv 1930 Mashkov sau ideologically tseeb daim duab: "Npawg 17th Congress ntawm lub CPSU (b)", "Soviet mov."

Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, Mashkov nyob rau hauv Abramtsevo, pleev xim rau portraits ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov raug mob, rear neeg ua hauj lwm. Lig Mashkov yog cov neeg tuaj saib nws optimistic cwj pwm. Zoo-paub kos duab Yakov Tugendhold hais tias nws ua hauj lwm yog pom "noj qab nyob zoo txoj kev hlub rau txoj kev kaj lug cev nqaij daim tawv thiab cov ntshav." Nws muab khaws cia tseg nws heev rau exaggeration kom txog thaum lub hnub nyoog kawg.

exhibition kev ua si

Ilya Mashkov lub neej tag nrho lawm heev, raws li nws yog nquag tshaaj nws ua hauj lwm. Nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau yam tseem ceeb miv ntawm lub ntxov thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Qhov kev tshwm sim "Jack ntawm Diamonds", "World of Art". Nyob rau hauv 1916, lub "Exhibition ntawm kev kawm Lavxias teb sab painting" nws qhia tau hais tias 70 tej hauj lwm, nws yog tus biggest neej exhibition los sis Mashkova. Txij li thaum lub 20s cov artist tau tshaaj txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv Venice, London, New York. Nyob rau hauv lub 30 xyoo ntawm Soviet hwj chim nrog Library yog paintings Mashkov nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov loj lub zos ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Educational kev ua si

Rau feem ntau ntawm lub neej ntawm Ilya Mashkov, artist, neeg pleev kob, qhia. Raws li ib tug tub hluas, nws tsim nws tus kheej txoj kev qhia kos duab thiab painting. Nws lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas nws qhib nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov, yog los ua ib tug central studio AHRR. Ntawm nws cov me nyuam kawm ntawv twb Falk, Tatlin, Osmerkin, Mukhina.

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, cov artist tau qhia, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev kawm ntawm qhov kev pab Military Academy thiab nyob rau hauv VHUTEINe.

tus kheej

Ilya Mashkov tsom nws txoj kev hlub rau lub neej thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Nws yog ib tug zoo lover ntawm cov poj niam thiab sib yuav peb zaug. Thawj tus poj niam yog Italian Sofia Arentsvari, Mashkov sib yuav nws nyob rau hauv 1905, ib lub xyoos tom qab yug tus tsuas yog tus tub ntawm lub artist Valentin. Nws los ua ib tug tsim engineer, nws twb puas tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv 1937. Ob txhais tus poj niam nyob rau hauv 1915 los ua ib tug artist Fedorova Elena Fedorovna. Qhov thib peb tus poj niam kuj yog ib tug artist: nyob rau hauv 1922 Mashkov Danilova sib yuav Maria Ivanovna.

Legacy thiab nco

Ilya Mashkov, uas nws paintings yog tsis tshua muaj neeg menyuam los ntawm lovers ntawm painting, tuag Lub peb hlis ntuj 20, 1944 nyob rau ntawm nws dacha nyob rau hauv Abramtsevo. Nws tseg ib tug zoo kawg txojsia. Nws paintings yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm 78 lub zos nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov loj tshaj plaws sau los ntawm cov artist tus poj ntsuam muab lub Volgograd Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm daim duab. Nws paintings tsis tshua tshwm sim tom auction thiab muag rau loj loj sums. Yog li, lub painting "Paj" twb muab muag rau 3.5 lab nyiaj daus las, thiab "Tseem neej nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo" - rau $ 7.2 lab.

Mashkov lub tswv yim kawm los ntawm art historians, nws muab phau ntawv. Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv Volgograd Dais nws lub npe. Lub cim xeeb ntawm cov artist disappears, lub exhibition ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yog muaj nyob rau tseg nyob rau hauv loj puas. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 2014 cov artist tus tom qab tej hauj lwm twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub exhibition yog ib tug zoo zoo.