Arabic cim thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus

Arab (Alifbo nyob rau hauv Arabic) tsiaj ntawv (uas yog, tsuas yog cov consonants yog sau) tsab ntawv sau ntawv, siv rau cov lus Arabic thiab ib co lwm tus, yog ib qho ntawm feem complex sau ntawv thaum lub caij. Niaj hnub nimno Arabic tsab ntawv - multi-vector phenomenon. Txawm li cas los, lub Arabic cim koom moog los ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev sib txuas lus, nyob qhov twg muaj lub lwm hom lus.

Lub essence ntawm lub Arabic tsab ntawv

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub Arabic tsab ntawv:

1. Sab laug kev taw qhia - ib tsab ntawv feeb mus los ntawm txoj kev mus rau sab laug.
2. Ib tug ntau ntawm superscripts thiab subscripts cov ntsiab lus - diacritics, uas yog tsim kom paub txog tsis zoo distinguishable cov tsiaj ntawv thiab los tsim tshiab cim.
3. Ntawv qaij hom ntawm kev sau ntawv, cov tsis muaj "kev cai" thiab ntawv loj ntawv. Thiab italics (fusion) Arabic sau ntawv yog tsis zoo ib yam: ib co Arabic cim yog koom nrog lub tog twg los so heev dua lwm yam nyob rau sab laug los yog sab xis xwb.
4. Allographs - kev hloov ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv. Nws yog nyob ntawm lawv txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lo lus - nyob rau hauv lub kawg, rau hauv nruab nrab, thaum pib los yog nyias.

Niaj hnub nimno Arabic tsiaj ntawv muaj nees nkaum yim consonants thiab semi-cim ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li diacritical tias raws li ib tug superscript los yog subscript tsuas me me, lub voj voog, dashes kos nyob rau hauv lub alphabetic system tom qab hloov mus rau cov Islam los yog kom paub txog ib co ntawm cov consonants thiab suab, los yog yuav qhia tau ntawv niam nrog ib tug view ntau yog kis tau tus mob ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tus dawb huv Kaulees.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub Arabic tsab ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv science, nws yog ntseeg hais tias muaj ib Arabic sau ntawv rau lub hauv paus ntawm Nabataean tsiaj ntawv (plaub xyoo pua BC -. Cov thawj ib puas xyoo AD.), Tab sis tsis txhob tsis kam lees yuav cov nyiaj thiab lub ancient kev lig kev cai ntawm lub Syrian tsab ntawv, raws li zoo raws li lub stylistic txav los nyob ze ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm tus dawb huv "Avesta" phau ntawv.

Yog li, arabitsa sawv ua ntej lub advent ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev ntseeg zoo li Islam. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union ib tsab ntawv raws li nyob rau hauv Arabic tsab ntawv raug txwv nyob rau hauv 1928 los ntawm decree ntawm lub Central Executive Committee thiab ntawm lub CPC, thiab tus sau phau ntawv ntawm lub modernized arabitsy repressed. Ib tug interesting tseeb yog hais tias, hais tias tsis pom qhov twg tsuas yog Tatar SSR, cov kev hloov ntawm Arabic tsab ntawv (Alifbo) Latin ntawv (Yanalif) tsis ua npaum li cas kuj. Raws li statistics, hais txog xya feem pua ntawm cov neeg nyob ntiaj teb siv Arabic cim.

Arabic cov lus: nws lub ntiaj teb no tseem ceeb

Arabic (Arabic version اللغة العربية, nyeem raws li "al-luġa al-'arabiya") yog cov lus uas cov Semitic ceg ntawm lub Afro-Asiatic lus tsev neeg. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov hais lus ntawm ib tug muab lus thiab nws dialects yog kwv yees li nyob ib ncig ntawm peb puas lab (raws li ib tug thawj hom lus), thiab txawm ib co tsib caug lab cov neeg siv Arabic raws li ib tug thib ob lus rau kev sib txuas lus. Classical Arabic - cov lus ntawm tus dawb huv Quran - yog lossi siv nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas processions thiab kev thov Vajtswv followers ntawm Islam nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no (tag nrho cov ntawm cov Muslims nyob ib ncig ntawm ib nrab ib tug billion). Txij ancient sij hawm nws sawv ib tug ntau yam pauv loj dialectal piav ntau zog ntxiv thiab ntau yam.

Dialects ntawm cov lus Arabic

Niaj hnub nimno colloquial Arabic hom lus yog muab faib ua tsib pab pawg, nyob rau hauv essence, yog cais cov lus los ntawm cov philological taw tes ntawm view:

• Maghreb lub suab hais lus variants.
• Sudanese-Iyiv dialects.
• Iraqi-Mesopotamian dialects.
• Arabian Group dialects.
• Central cua kub Asian lub suab hais lus pab pawg.

Maghreb lub suab hais lus belongs rau lub sab hnub poob pawg, lwm yam - mus rau lub sab hnub tuaj pab pawg neeg ntawm dialects ntawm lub Arabic lus. Arabic dialects yog pej xeem nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-ob Eastern lub teb chaws, uas tau muab nws tus txheej xwm ntawm ib tug hauj lwm thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua num thiab cov tsev hais plaub.

Quran raws li ib lub hauv paus arabitsy

Nyob rau hauv lub as myths xwb hwjchim loj kawg nkaus Allah tsim cov tsiaj ntawv thiab muab lawv rau Adas, los ntawm nkaum los ntawm cov tubtxib saum ntuj. Creator Arabic sau ntawv tej zaum kuj pom tau hais tias tsis muaj peev xwm los nyeem thiab sau ntawv rau tus Yaj Saub Muhammad los yog nws tus kheej pab.

Raws li cov Arabic lus kev lig kev cai, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb lub Arabic tsab ntawv ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv Hira, cov nroog loj Dahmidskogo lub xeev, thiab yuav tsim ntxiv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xya xyoo pua, thaum cov thawj cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv rau ntawm tus Quran (651).

Qur'an (los ntawm cov Arabic translates li قرآن - nyeem) yuav tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub title Tus dawb huv phau ntawv los yog siab dawb siab zoo lo lus. Nws tsis yog ib puas thiab kaum plaub hais txog tsis pub dhau lub ntsiab lus ntawm tshooj (suras nyob rau hauv Arabic). Sura, nyob rau hauv lem, yog muaj li ntawm ayahs (verses) thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv nqis kev txiav txim ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm nqe lus no.

Nyob rau hauv 631 AD Nws twb nrhiav tau los ntawm cov tub rog-kev cai dab qhuas lub xeev As Caliphate, thiab Arabic sau ntawv acquires ntiaj teb no tseem ceeb, thiab nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd nws dominates Middle East. Capital ntawm lub as linguists yog Iraq (Basra thiab Kufa).

Nyob rau hauv lub xya xyoo pua Basra neeg nyob Abul-Asuad al-duals nkag tau rau hauv As cim ntau cim sau lub luv luv ntawv niam. Thaum kwv yees li tib lub sij hawm lub sij hawm Nasr ibn Asym thiab Yahya ibn Yamara yees ua ib lub system ntawm diacritical tias kom paub qhov txawv ib tug xov tooj zoo li tus tsab ntawv grapheme.

Nyob rau hauv lub yim xyoo pua, ib tug neeg nyob ntawm lub nroog ntawm Basra al-Khalil ibn Ahmad zoo sau ntawv luv luv ntawv niam. Nws system tau mus txog rau tam sim no thiab no mas siv nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv ntawm cov Koran ntawv, lyrical thiab kev kawm ntawv.

Arabic cim thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus

Cov nram qab no lus yog cov feem ntau tseem ceeb piv txwv arabitsy:

• الحب - kev hlub;
• راحة - kev nplij siab;
• السعادة - zoo siab;
• الازدهار - noj qab nyob zoo;
• فرح - xyiv fab (zoo mus ob peb vas);
• الأسرة - tsev neeg.

Arab cim nrog txhais lus rau Lavxias teb sab yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm kev dictionaries. Nyob rau hauv Arabic, ib tug ntau ntawm cov thawj thiab nyeem tau (los ntawm cov lus Arabic خط hatṭ «kab"), overriding uas yog:

• Nash (نسخ «up") yog ib tug classic Arabic sau ntawv thiab siv nyob rau hauv typesetting;
• nasta'liq tshwj xeeb hwm nyob rau hauv Iran, qhov muaj yog Shiite Islam;
• Maghribi (lub teb chaws xws li Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia);
• Kufi (Arabic كوفي, nyob rau geogr lub zos npe Kufa ..) - Zaum ntseeg nws ancient thiab nyeem tau, nws nta yog coj thiab ua kom zoo zoo.

Arabic cim mus rau cov hloov

Xav txog tej piv txwv ntawm Arabic lus. Arabic cim thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab yog yeej ib txwm muab rau pab raws li ib tug hais.

Ntau hom Arabic thiab nyeem tau

Rau ntau centuries qub stereotypes ntawm lub as-kev taw qhia cov tsiaj ntawv rau kab nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si ntawm uas qhov chaw sau disproportionately point. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov Arabic tsab ntawv pab cov emergence ntawm niaj hnub systems ntawm shorthand sau ntawv thiab coding.

Ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyeem ntawm lub Arabic lus yuav piav nws tej peculiarities thiab lub suab hais lus ntau haiv neeg. Lub ib ncig ntawm lub Maghreb sau ntawv tej zaum sab Berber-Libyan cawv nyob rau hauv kab pheeb ces kaum "nasta'liq" - ib tug legacy ntawm lub Avesta tsab ntawv.

Heev pronounced square qhia ntawm lub Arabic tsab ntawv tau txais feem ntau nyob rau hauv Central Asia, qhov twg nws yuav muaj tau ntsib cov Suav thiab nyeem tau shanfan square-dachzhuan, raws li zoo raws li lub Tibetan system pakba sau ntawv. Muaj ntau sau ntawv system pab cov Arab cim. Photo arabitsy yuav muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem.