Arsenic oxide: kev npaj thiab cov khoom

Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug periodic rooj caij, xws li arsenic, nws occupies ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hlau - nonmetal. Los ntawm lawv cov kev ua nws yog nruab nrab ntawm hydrogen thiab cov tooj liab. Tsis-metallic xwm manifested nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws muaj peev xwm mus ib ce ib degree ntawm oxidation -3 (tshauv ₃ - arsine). Tebchaw nrog ib tug zoo oxidation xeev +3 muaj amphoteric zog, thiab nrog rau cov neeg kawm ntawv uas +5 manifest nws acidic zog. Yuav ua li cas yog arsenic oxide?

Oxides thiab hydroxides

Cov nram qab no arsenic oxides: Raws li ₂ O ₃ thiab Raws li ₂ O _5. Muaj kuj yog ib tug coj hydroxides:

• Metamyshyakovistaya acid HAsO _2.
• Ortomyshyakovistaya acid H ₃ ua _3.
• Metamyshyakovaya acid HAsO _3.
• Ortomyshyakovaya acid H ₃ ua _4.
• Piromyshyakovaya acid H ₂ Raws li ₄ O _7.

Yuav ua li cas yog arsenic trioxide?

Arsenic oxide ntaub ntawv ob tug uas Raws li ₂ O ₃ muaj lub npe trioxide. Qhov no tshuaj, uas yog feem ntau siv rau kev kho mob, tiam sis nws tsis yog ib tug txawm tshuaj. Qhov no inorganic compound uas yog ib tug loj qhov twg los organoarsenicheskih tebchaw (tebchaw uas muaj cov pa roj carbon daim ntawv cog lus c) thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Muaj ntau siv li ₂ O ₃ yog muaj teeb meem vim hais tias ntawm cov tshuaj lom xwm ntawm lub caij. Trade lub npe ntawm no compound yog Trisenox.

General ntaub ntawv hais txog trioxide

Cov tshuaj mis ntawm arsenic trioxide muaj cov nram qab daim ntawv Raws li ₂ O _3. Lub molecular ceeb thawj ntawm lub compound yog 197,841 g / mol. Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev kom tau qhov no oxide. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cov ci ntawm sulphide ore. Cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:

2As ₂ O ₃ + 9O ₂ → 2As ₂ O ₃ + 6SO ₂

Feem ntau ntawm cov oxides yuav tau raws li ib tug byproduct ntawm cov kev ntawm lwm yam ores. Arsenopyrite yog ib qho impurity nyob rau hauv kub thiab tooj liab, thiab nws tawm arsenic trioxide, thaum rhuab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm huab cua. Qhov no yuav ua tau kom loj lom.

Tus qauv ntawm lub arsenic trioxide

Arsenic trioxide muaj cov mis Raws li ₄ O ₆ nyob rau hauv cov kua thiab gas theem (hauv qab no 800 ° C). Nyob rau hauv cov theem, nws yog isostructural nrog fosforovym trioxide (P ₄ O _6). Txawm li cas los, nyob rau ntawm lub kub saum toj no 800 ° C Raws li ₄ O ₆ collapses rau molecular Raws li ₂ O _3. Nyob rau hauv no theem nws yog isostructural nrog diizotrona trioxide (N ₂ O _3). Nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom hauv lub xeev, qhov no qhia tau hais tias compound polymorph muaj peev xwm (muaj peev xwm nyob ua ib ke nyob rau hauv ob los yog ntau tshaj ntaub ntawv uas siv lead ua qauv).

Thaj chaw ntawm arsenic trioxide

Ib txhia ntawm cov yooj yim zog ntawm arsenic trioxide yog raws li nram no:

• trioxide kev daws teeb meem tsim muaj zog acid nrog dej. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov amphoteric compound yog ib qho antimony oxide.
• Nws yog soluble nyob rau hauv alkaline daws thiab muab arsenate.
• arsenic trioxide muaj ib tug high solubility nyob rau hauv hydrochloric acid (HCl), thiab thaum kawg muab ib tug concentrated arsenic trichloride thiab acid.
• Nws muab pentoxide (Raws li ₂ O ₅₎ nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm muaj zog oxidants xws li hydrogen peroxide, ozone thiab nitric acid.
• Nws yog yuav luag insoluble nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents.
• Nws zoo li ib tug dawb khoom nyob rau hauv ib txwm mob lub cev.
• Nws muaj ib tug melting point ntawm 312,2 ° C thiab ib tug kub point ntawm 465 ° C.
• Cov kev ceev ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog 4.15 g / cm ^3.

Kev siv ntawm arsenic trioxide nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj

Qhov no tshuaj yog ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm antineoplastic sawv cev, thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cancer. Arsenic toxicity yog zoo dua lub npe hu. Txawm li cas los, arsenic trioxide yog ib tug kws khomob tshuaj siv los kho tej hom mob cancer rau ntau xyoo. Cov tshuaj siv rau qhov kev kho no yog hu ua cov kua Fowler. Nyob rau hauv 1878 godu Boston City tsev kho mob tau qhia hais tias cov tshuaj no tej zaum yuav zoo nyob rau hauv txo tus naj npawb ntawm leukocytes nyob rau hauv tib neeg.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ₂ O ₃ twb mas siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm leukemia, raws li ntev kom txog thaum nws hloov radiotherapy. Tab sis tom qab xyoo 1930, nws maj mam regained nws chaw nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm leukemia, raws li ntev raws li muaj ib tug niaj hnub kws khomob. Qhov no arsenic oxide yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev kho mob ntawm tus kab mob myelogenous leukemia. Txawm niaj hnub no no yam khoom uas yog siv los kho ib tug kev hom mob promyelocytic leukemia nrog hai retinoid los yog anthracycline cov kws khomob. Nws kuj yog siv los kho mob myeloid leukemia, ntau yam myeloma, mob myeloid leukemia, nqaij hlav, mob cancer ntawm lub lymphatic system.

siv trioxide

Arsenic trioxide yog dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua tsis muaj kob iav. Qhov no compound no kuj pab tau nyob rau hauv electronics los tsim kom tau semiconductors thiab ib co alloys. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xim tsev. Arsenic trioxide tej zaum yuav zoo nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm lub hlwb hlav.

Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, qhov no yam khoom uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho hniav, tab sis vim nws yog ib co tshuaj lom compound, kev siv uas niaj hnub kho hniav tau lawm sis txiav. Arsenic oxide (Raws li ₂ O Formula ₃₎ kuj yog siv raws li ib tug preservative rau cov ntoo, tab sis li no txwv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog arsenic trioxide tooj liab acetate muab ib tug ci ntsuab xim.

heev tshuaj lom tshuaj

Trioxide nws tus kheej muaj ib theem siab ntawm tshuaj muaj taug. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum ib txwm coj cov kev tsim nyog yuav tau ceev faj ua ntej koj siv nws. Nws yuav ua tau heev txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv cov nram no mob:

• Noj mov. Yog hais tias Raws li ₂ O _3, ntawd tau txais mus rau hauv lub digestive ib ntsuj av tau, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd sab laj ib tug kws kho mob. Nws tsis pom zoo kom sim ntxias ntuav ua ntej nrhiav kev pab kho mob. Nws yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm tej seem txeej khaub ncaws, hle nws khi, unbutton lub dab tshos, siv thiab thiaj li nyob. D.
• Hu nrog daim tawv nqaij. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib cuag nrog rau tej nplaim lub cev yuav tsum tam sim ntawd ntxuav lub cheeb tsam cov nrog ntau ntawm cov dej. Cov khaub ncaws thiab nkawm khau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm sai li sai tau, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav ua ntej rov qab siv lub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm mob tawv nqaij sib chwv, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd nrhiav kev pab kho mob. Tej zaum nws yuav pab tau rau tua kab mob ntxuav ntawm lub mob cheeb tsam nrog xab npum thiab antibacterial qab zib daim ntawv thov.
• Qhov muag sib cuag. Yog hais tias Raws li ₂ O ₃ los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub qhov muag, yog thawj zaug uas yuav ua li cas yog los tshem tawm tej kev tiv tauj lo ntsiab muag thiab lub qhov muag ntxuav nrog dej rau 15 feeb. Nws yog pom zoo kom siv dej txias. Parallel mus no, ib tug neeg muaj mus hu tsheb thauj neeg mob.
• Nqus tau pa. Cov neeg uas tau nqus tau cov pa roj, yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib qhov chaw txawv nrog huab cua ntshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd nrhiav kev pab kho mob. Yog hais tias muaj teeb meem ua pa, cov pa yuav tsum tau sai li sai tau muab. Yog hais tias tus neeg tsis muaj peev xwm ua pa rau ntawm lawv tus kheej, koj yuav tsum muab dag respiration.
• Qhov no compound tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug tshuaj lom nyhuv rau tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm haus ntawm ntau cov nqi ntawm cov arsenic trioxide, tej zaum nws yuav txawm ua rau tuag. Tsom iav qhov muag thiab looj tes yuav tsum nco ntsoov yuav siv thaum ua hauj lwm nrog Raws li ₂ O _3. Ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-ventilated cheeb tsam.

phiv

Common tshwm sim los ntawm qhov no tshuaj muaj xws li cov tsos mob xws li:

• cov neeg pluag qab los noj mov;
• ntuav;
• xeev siab;
• mob plab;
• cem quav;
• mob taub hau;
• qaug zog;
• kiv taub hau;
• kub taub hau;
• ua tsis taus pa muaj teeb meem;
• theem siab ntawm leukocytes;
• ntshav qab zib;
• daim tawv nqaij pob.

Tsis tshua muaj heev phiv muaj xws li:

• qhov ncauj qhuav;
• inconsistent ua tsis taus pa;
• mob hauv siab;
• tsawg theem ntawm leucocytes;
• nqaij thiab mob pob txha;
• o ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab ob lub qhov muag;
• raws plab;
• co;
• tsis tshua muaj ntshav qab zib;
• Tsis tshua muaj oxygen theem nyob rau hauv cov ntshav.

Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim los ntawm Raws li ₂ O _3:

• lus lub plawv dhia (uas yuav txawm ua rau tuag);
• qhov hnyav nce;
• tsaus muag;
• absent-mindedness;
• coma;
• o plab;
• tsaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Lub neej-hem cov tsos mob ntawm raug arsenic trioxide - ib tug hnyav nce, kub taub hau, muaj teeb meem ua tsis taus pa, ua tsis taus pa, mob hauv siab, hnoos.

Arsenic trioxide yog ib co tshuaj lom tshuaj, uas muaj peev xwm txawm ua rau tsis ntawm lub neej. Cuaj kaum, nws muaj yuav pab tau nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob teb. Peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov coj ceev faj.

tshuaj tshua

Arsenic trioxide yog ib qho amphoteric dua oxides ntawm arsenic thiab nws cov aqueous lub ntsiab yog weakly acidic. Yog li, nws yog nkag soluble nyob rau hauv alkaline daws teeb meem kom tau arsenates. Nws yog tsawg soluble nyob rau hauv acids, tsuas yog hydrochloric.

Tsuas yog nrog muaj zog oxidants xws li ozone, hydrogen peroxide thiab nitric acid, nws yog tsim ntawm arsenic penta-oxide nrog ib tug degree ntawm acidity ntawm 5 Raws li ₂ O _5. Hais txog oxidation kuj, arsenic trioxide txawv los ntawm phosphorus trioxide, uas yog yooj yim hlawv kom phosphorus pentoxide. Yuav txo tau muab elemental arsenic los yog arsine (tshauv _3).

arsenic pentoxide

Tshuaj Formula pentoxide yog li ₂ O _5. Nws hniav puas loj ntawm 229.8402 g / mol. Nws yog ib tug dawb hygroscopic hmoov nrog ib tug ntom ntawm 4,32 g / cm ^3. Melting point nce mus txog 315 ° C, uas nws pib decompose. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw muaj lub zoo solubility nyob rau hauv dej thiab haus dej cawv. Arsenic oxide zog ua rau nws heev tshuaj lom thiab txaus ntshai rau cov ib puag ncig. Qhov no inorganic compound uas yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj heev, heev tshuaj lom thiab yog li ntawd pom xwb txwv coj mus muag daim ntawv thov, tsis zoo li lub siab arsenic oxide (Raws li ₂ O Formula _3).

Arsenic yog paub feem ntau raws li ib tug tshuaj lom thiab carcinogen. Nws trioxide - ib tug dej-soluble hmoov, uas ua ib tug tsis muaj kob, mov thiab ntxhiab tshuaj. Nws yog ib tug nrov txoj kev uas nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws siv tseem niaj hnub no, tab sis rau kev thaj yeeb lub hom phiaj thiab nyob rau hauv me me qhov ntau.