Analysis ntawm cov dej los ntawm ib tug zoo: tus nqi, kev kawm ntawv thiab lub chaw soj nstuam. Qhov twg ua tus tsom xam ntawm cov dej los ntawm lub qhov dej?

Thaum xaiv qhov chaw centralized haus dej, artesian feem (paug) dej. Los ntawm cov pa phem, lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tus nto impermeable khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj tej ntawv mus rau lwm yam: non-siab horizons av. Yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ntawm cov dej los ntawm qhov dej, uas ua nyob rau hauv qhov kev luj xyuas ntawm qhov zoo ntawm tej yam ntuj tso dej, thiab lawv ua raws li cov cai tswj uas yuav tsum tau ntawm cov dej haus. Siv ib tug zoo rau cov dej haus mov tej zaum yuav raug mus rau ib tug zoo xaus muab los ntawm lub hwv txoj cai Rospotrebnadzor.

sampling

Cov neeg ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj thiab bacteriological xeem nyob rau cov kev taw qhia nyob rau hauv uas tais diav thiab yuav ua li cas kuaj tau coj sai li sai tau tom qab sampling nqa dej los ntawm lub zoo kuaj.

Tsiaj ntawv ua pib zauv siv cov dej los ntawm lub zoo mus ua kom tiav lub meej dav hlau thiab mus rau ib tug qhov dynamic theem. Tshuaj tsis tsim nyog los mus txiav txim tsis pub dhau 72 teev. Yog hais tias qhov no yog tsis tau, ces tus qauv yog txias thiab cov kaus poom (nyob rau hauv lub laboratory). Dej kuaj tauj tom qab loses nws cov khoom, thiab soj ntsuam ntawm tus tsom xam yog ib txwm unreliable. Bacteriological thaj chaw ntawm cov dej yuav tsum tau txiav txim tsis pub dhau ib hnub tom qab sampling.

Thaum cov tshuaj ntsuam ntawm cov dej los ntawm lub qhov dej sampled rau hauv hnab yas ntim. Haum huv iav los yog yas (tshiab los yog tawm ntawm ntxhia dej) raj mis. Lawv rho rinsed nrog dej ob peb zaug. Fwj yog lawm ua tus sau thiaj li hais tias cov tais diav twb tsis muaj huab cua bubbles. Volume ntawm tus qauv nyob ntawm seb tus tsom xam yuav tsum tau ua. Yuav kom 1.5 L acronym txaus rau tag nrho - 3 liters.

Nyob rau tsom xam ntawm cov tawg dej yog poured maj mam los ntawm cov hose kwj, poob mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub raj mis kom tsis txhob volatilization ntawm saib puas muaj radon.

Lauj kaub tais diav rau kuaj rau bacteriological kev ntsuam xyuas yuav muab SES laboratory. Muaj koj yuav tau qhia yuav ua li cas kom tau ib tug qauv. Zoo yog hais tias nws yuav ua laboratory. Tus me nyuam lub sij hawm qauv - tsis ntau tshaj li ob teev. Dej tsom xam ntawm lub SES ua zoo tam sim ntawd.

zoo indicators, As

Haus dej yuav tsum: nrog lub paaj organoleptic zog (li ib tug neeg perceives tsis totaub), ib tug harmless tshuaj nyob tus yeees, muaj kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cov tawg thiab bacteriological kev sib raug zoo.
Dej haus yog ntsuas ntawm lub cev, moj, tshuaj thiab microbiological zog.

lub zog

Cov dej kub yog ntsuas ntawm cov zauv ntawm qhov chaw. Lub constancy ntawm qhov ntsuas no nyob rau hauv caij yog ib tug guarantee ntawm cov tsis muaj dej inflow.

Tsis hnov tsw thiab saj nrog ib tug tsw li txiav txim los ntawm on-site los yog tsis pub dhau 2 lub sij hawm ntawm kev kuaj. Los ntawm cov keeb kwm tsw yuav ua tau: ntuj (Marsh, putrid, hydrosulfide, ntses, thiab lwm yam) los yog dag (phenol, camphor, tshuaj chlorine ua, cob thiab lwm tus).

Nyiam potable dej - ntxhiab thiab tasteless. Pub siv cov dej nyob rau hauv lub soj ntsuam ntawm saj thiab tsis hnov tsw 2 ntsiab lus.

Dej transparency vim muaj cov nyob rau ntawd ntawm ncua thiab colloids. Cov cai ntawm qhov ntsuas no rau cov dej haus yog 30 cm. Yog hais tias lub transparency ntawm tsawg tshaj li 10 cm, nws yog yuav tsum tau txhais tshem tawm hais.

Chromaticity dej - Coloring tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj (humic acids, tannic, hlau colloids). Pub index nrog ib tug nqi tsis ntau tshaj li 20 degrees, los yog mus txog 35 nrog lub concurrence ntawm tus Chief Huv kws kho mob chaw uas zoo heev.

Turbidity raws li tus txheej txheem permissible theem ntawm 1.5 mg / l, tab sis tsis muaj ntau.

Cov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm cov dej yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub ntsev cov ntsiab lus.

tshuaj tsis

Analysis ntawm cov dej los ntawm ib tug zoo comprises ib tug yuav tsum txiav txim:

• Active cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (pH), - tus degree ntawm acidity los yog alkalinity, yog quantified concentration ntawm hydrogen ions. Cov kev txwv ntawm 6.5-8.5 qhia.
• Alkalinity - cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic acid ntsev.
• Tag nrho cov hardness - tag nrho cov nuj nqis ntawm cov calcium thiab magnesium ions. Haus lub hom phiaj pub concentration ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 7 meq ib liter.
• Lub qhuav residue - tsiag ntawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm impurities. Nyob rau hauv cov dej haus, qhov no daim duab yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj li 1000 mg rau ib liter.
• Nitrogen-muaj tshuaj - no muaj xws li ammonia, nitrite (cov pa roj nitrous acid) thiab nitrates (nitric acid). Lawv yog cov "markers" dej muaj kuab paug. Yog hais tias cov dej yog, lub ammonia, tab sis tsis muaj nitrites - tshiab decomposition ntawm protein tebchaw. Sib koom lawv muaj hais lus ntawm ib tug tej lub sij hawm los ntawm lub hnub ntawm thawj zaug paug. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj ammonia, tab sis muaj cov nitrites thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nitrates - dej cleans nws tus kheej. Kev ua qias tuaj dhau los. Cov haus hom phiaj yog permissible siv dej nrog ib co kua nplaum ntawm ammonia thiab nitrites. Nitrates pub tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 10 mg / l. Lub concentration ntawm lub pollutant nyob rau hauv lub haus dej ntawm 50 mg rau ib liter oxidant muab cov ntshav muaj nuj nqi.
• Oxidizability (oxygen sib npaug oxidant khiav) rau cov hauv qab av yog yus muaj los ntawm tsis tshaj 5 mg / l O _2.
• Hydrogen sulfide - tsuas yog tsw ntawm lwj qe, muab dej corrosivity, ua overgrowing kav vim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov leej faj cov kab mob.
• Yaj oxygen - tsis tsawg tshaj li 4 mg ib liter ntawm txhua lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo.
• Hlau (tag nrho cov ntsiab lus) - tsis ntau tshaj li 0.3 mg ib liter ntawm dej.
• Sulfates - tsis ntau tshaj li 500, chlorides - tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 350 mg rau ib liter ntawm dej.
• Microcomponents (tso cai qhov tseem ceeb yog muab nyob rau hauv mg ib liter): Arsenic - tsis ntau tshaj 0.05; Fluoro - tsawg tshaj li 1.5 mus kuv thiab II climatic cheeb tsam thiab tsis ntau tshaj li 1.2 mg / L rau lub climatic cheeb tsam III; tooj liab - tsis ntau tshaj 1; Zinc - tsawg tshaj li 5; manganese - tsawg tshaj li 0.1.

Tag nrho cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov dej los ntawm lub zoo thiab muaj lwm yam txoj lw Cheebtsam: mercury, hmoov txhuas, strontium, cadmium, molybdenum, selenium, cyanides.

microbiological

Tag nrho cov microbial count - tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 50 microbial zos nyob rau hauv 1 ml oprobyvat dej. Nyob rau hauv ib 100 ml qauv ntawm thermotolerant coliform thiab tag nrho cov kab mob yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav.

Tawg Safety Standards

Rau cov dej haus tsis pub tshaj qhov tseem ceeb ntsuas (unit Bq / l):

• 0.1 tag nrho radioactivity alpha hais;
• tag nrho radioactivity beta hais 1.0.

lwm yam ntaub ntawv

Lub luag hauj lwm rau kev txiav txim tu qauv ntawm lub underground dej yog muab rau cov neeg muag khoom, xa mus rau nyob rau hauv lub abstractor Lavxias teb sab cai. Raws li cov dej kev cai lij choj, nws yog yuam ua hauj lwm kom tso cai cov kev ua ub li zoo raws li tau daim ntawv tso cai rau extraction ntawm av. No teev daim ntawv teev cov analytes thiab cov zaus uas cov dej tsom xam yog nqa tawm ntawm lub qhov dej. Rospotrebnadzor tau kawm paub cai zov lub chaw soj nstuam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab lub zos. Qhov no tsoom fwv teb chaws lub koom haum ntawm lwm yam uas thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov dej nkag keb soj ntsuam. Koj muaj peev xwm yuam kom cov tua ntawm tus tsom xam nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev kuaj, tab sis tsis tas kawm paub cai zov los ua cov ntsuam. Ua ntej koj yuav pib mus piped haus dej haus, cov dej neeg siv yog yuam ua hauj lwm kom tau lub tswv yim ntawm cov thawj huv kws kho mob ntawm lub hwv dej ntawm lub qhov dej kuaj. Nqe kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug ntsuas no yog qhov kwv yees li txog 450 rubles.