Alkalosis - yog dab tsi? Alkalosis: ua, cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Alkalosis yus muaj los ntawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov kua qaub-puag tshuav nyiaj li cas nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv uas lub zog npaum li cas ntawm alkaline tshuaj. Tus kab mob no tsis tshua muaj txaus rau ntxias loj hloov nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov lub cev. Tej zaum tsim nyob rau hauv digestive mob, kev raug mob nyob rau hauv lub postoperative lub sij hawm thiab lub sij hawm txhua yam cua.

Alkalosis - yog dab tsi?

Alkalosis yog ib qho tsis txaus nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov tsis system ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, alkali ntshav pib predominate tshaj lub acids thiab lub pH yog nce. Yog hais tias, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, acids predominate tshaj rau hauv thaj av, nws ua tim khawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm acidosis - acidification ntawm lub cev, uas yog ntau npaum li cas txaus ntshai alkalosis thiab muaj zog rau lub hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab.

Paub qhov txawv compensated thiab uncompensated alkalosis. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub acid-puag tshuav nyiaj li cas tsis mus dhau lub ciaj ciam uas yog siv tau rau tej kev hauj lwm ntawm lub cev (7.35-7.45), thiab sai sai normalized los plaug chloride thiab normalization ntawm txoj kev ua neej thiab kev noj haus.

Thaum lub pH tshaj qhov point ntawm 7.45, yog uncompensated alkalosis. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Ib tug neeg uas qhov ntsuas no ntawm acid-puag tshuav nyiaj li cas yog ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub cev tau hauj lwm ntawm tag nrho cov lub cev. Nyob rau hauv kev, muaj teeb meem nrog lub plawv, ua pa, digestive thiab tshee systems.

Yog vim li cas yog ib tug ua txhaum ntawm lub acid-puag tshuav nyiaj li cas nyob rau hauv lub cev

Cov tib neeg lub cev yog tag nrho cov mechanisms uas lub neej tswj li qub tsis system, triggering tej dab rau normalize lub acid-alkaline tshuav nyiaj li cas. Khoom noj uas yog noj txhua hnub, ncaj qha kev cuam tshuam rau lub pH.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua txhaum cai ntawm acid-puag nqi koj tshuav ntawm ob lub xeev ntawm lub sab hauv ib puag ncig - acidosis los yog alkalosis.

Alkalosis - alkalization ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv lub kua system yuav yeej alkaline tebchaw thiab lub pH yog ntau tshaj 7.45.

Acidosis - acidification ntawm lub cev. Nws yog ib tug txaus ntshai mob vim hais tias lub cev yog ntau resistant rau alkali tshaj acid resistant. Uas yog vim li cas rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, cov kws kho mob muab tshuaj rau noj, yuav pab tau normalize lub pH.

Lub mechanism ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub cev ntau dua pH

Yuav kom zoo teb rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv koj kev kho mob, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai alkalosis. Nws ua rau hemodynamic mob: txo nyob rau hauv cov ntshav siab, lub plawv dhia, cerebral thiab coronary ntshav txaus. Los ntawm cov digestive system ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv kom, ua cem quav.

Tshwm kiv taub hau, ntog operability tshwm sim syncope, inhibited qhov ua pa chaw. Nce tshee txob taus, nqaij hypertonicity tshwm sim, uas yuav ncav cuag mus qaug dab peg, thiab tetany.

hom alkalosis

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob, nws muaj peb pab pawg ntawm cov alkalosis:

• Gas - tshwm sim thaum hyperventilation. Nce cov pa concentration thaum lub sij hawm kev tshoov siab txhawb ntev feem ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide thaum lub sij hawm exhalation. Qhov no pathology yog hu ua pa alkalosis. Ntshav poob kuj tshwm sim thaum twg, lub taub hau raug mob, los rau tus kab mob los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj (metrazole, caffeine, microbial toxins).
• Tsis-roj - muaj ob peb cov ntaub ntawv, txhua yam uas muaj nyob rau hauv tej yam tshwj xeeb thiab ua rau kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus kab mob.
• Mixed - tshwm sim thaum lub taub hau raug mob uas ua rau ua tsis taus pa, ntuav, hypocapnia.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev tshawb nrhiav alkalosis. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Txawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, tus kab mob no ua rau pheej hloov nyob rau hauv lub hauj lwm ntawm tseem ceeb heev zog.

Daim Ntawv uas tsis yog-gaseous alkalosis

Tsis-roj alkalosis muab faib mus rau hauv excretory, metabolic thiab exogenous.

Excretory - muaj tshwm sim nrog mob thawj coj ntawm diuretics, raum kab mob, pais plab fistula, pernicious ntuav (thaum lub sij hawm uas ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm poob pais plab kua txiv), endocrine ntshawv siab (ua sodium tuav nyob rau hauv lub cev).

Exogenous alkalosis muaj nrog neeg pluag kev noj haus, thaum tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus supersaturated alkali thaum los siv rau cov tib neeg sodium bicarbonate los txo plab acidity.

Metabolic - ib tug tsawg phenomenon muaj nyob rau hauv yuam cai ntawm metabolic dab uas electrolytes. Qhov no mob yuav ua tau congenital (ua txhaum ntawm ntsha pauv kev cai), tau tom qab phais loj los yog kuaj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam txom nyem los ntawm rickets.

Thaum ib tug neeg alkalosis txo lub plawv dhia thiab cov siab poob qis, thiab kev mob qub, thiab efficiency txo tu ncua pursues tsis muaj zog. Nrog cov ces yuav tsum xub tshem tawm alkalosis. Cov tsos mob tsuas kov qhia cov kev yuam cai ntawm pH thiab yuav tsum tau paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub cev.

Cov ua rau alkalosis

Alkalosis muaj nyob rau hauv tus ntawm exogenous thiab endogenous yam. Ua alkalosis roj yog hyperventilation. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj ib tug muaj zog pa kom tsawg thiab, thiaj li, ntev li tshem tawm ntawm carbon dioxide.

Alkalosis feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub postoperative lub sij hawm. Qhov no yog vim lub weakening ntawm lub cev thaum lub sij hawm kev phais thiab nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tshuaj loog. Gas alkalosis yuav ua rau tawg, hemolysis, rickets rau cov me nyuam thiab lub plab ulcers.

Ua kom muaj qhov uas tsis yog-gaseous alkalosis - ib tug tsis muaj los yog overabundance ntawm pais plab kua txiv. Tej kev hloov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov acid-puag tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Metabolic alkalosis ua tshuaj uas ua rau kom cov alkali cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub cev. Txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub pathology thiab siv ntawm cov khoom nrog ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm bases los yog pheej ntuav, ua rau ceev ceev tsis chlorine.

symptomatology ntawm tus kab mob

Cov thawj cov cim qhia ntawm ib tug roj alkalosis yog nce ntxhov siab vim thiab kev zoo siab. Tus neeg mob kiv taub hau, xim thiab nco zuj zus ntxiv, muaj paresthesias ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab extremities, muaj yog sai qaug zog ntawm tej kev sib txuas lus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug nkees nkees, lub cev qhuav dej, tawv nqaij daj (muaj peev xwm tsim thiaj li hu ua "gray cyanosis").

Metabolic alkalosis yog yus muaj los ntawm heev mob taub hau, tsaug zog, o ntawm ceg ntoo thiab convulsions, nkees, apathy rau sab nraum lub ntiaj teb no, tsis qab los noj mov, digestive mob. Cov tawv nqaij yuav tshwm sim pob, nws yuav qhuav thiab daj daj lawm.

Alkalosis: Mob ntawm tus kab mob

Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm sab nraud tus yam ntxwv thiab lub ntsiab cov tsos mob yuav tsis tau kuaj. Yuav kom qhia tau tias kev ua txhaum ntawm lub acid-puag tshuav nyiaj li cas nyob rau hauv lub cev yog tsim nyog los ua kev cai ib tug tag nrho cov kev xeem (dhau zis, ntshav, ua ib electrocardiogram).

Dhau li tus txheej txheem, qhia tau hais tias tus tsom xam ntawm cov ntshav siv "micro-Astrup" los yog pH-meter, mikrogazometrichesky xeem. Identification alkalosis Thaum tus kws kho mob prescribes ib tug haum kho mob aimed ntawm xa lub hauv paus ua rau ntawm cov tsos mob thiab tom ntej neutralization.

alkalosis kev kho mob

gas alkalosis kev kho mob yog cov tshem tawm ntawm hyperventilation. Tus neeg mob yog tus kws kho txoj kev los ntawm nqus tau pa carbon dioxide mixtures (e.g., carbogen) los ib txwm acid-puag tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Tau tshem ntawm cov ua ntawm lub tsis txaus - tus thawj tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau ua li cas rau tshem tawm cov alkalosis. Cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob yuav tsum tau txuas, ces yuav sai sai neutralize muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm lub tsis systems ntawm lub cev.

Yuav kom tshem tawm cov uas tsis yog-gaseous alkalosis thov kev daws teeb meem ntawm ammonium tshuaj dawb, poov tshuaj, poov hlau, insulin. Nws yog tseem tau los ua kom paub cov tshuaj, uas suppress qhov kev txiav txim ntawm carbonic anhydrase thiab pab txhawb feem ntawm lub urinary system sodium ions thiab hydrogen carbonate.

Cov neeg alkalosis uas tsim tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm yam mob loj heev pathologies yog raug tam sim ntawd. Metabolic alkalosis intravenously muab cov ntsiab ntawm calcium chloride los yog sodium. Thaum nkag rau hauv lub cev hypokalemia kev daws teeb meem ntawm poov tshuaj tshuaj dawb, poov tshuaj sparing tshuaj thiab Pananginum.

Yog hais tias alkalosis yog nrog los ntawm ntuav, raws plab los yog haemolysis, cov kev kho mob yog tswj feem ntau ntawm xa kev tshua, thiab tsuas yog tom qab uas txoj kev kho kom normalize lub acid-alkaline tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Kev tiv thaiv alkalosis

Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm lub pH yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas rau lawv txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb mus saib kom zoo noj haus thiab pw tsaug zog, muab tsis tau phem thiab pw tsaug zog. Ib tug ib txwm noj nrog noj nqos tau cov txaus tshiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tso cai rau koj kom sai normalize lub acid-alkaline tshuav nyiaj li cas thiab tiv thaiv kom txhob alkalosis, cov ua uas dag nyob rau hauv tsis ncaj ncees lawm noj cov zaub mov.

Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi cov zaub mov kom tus nqi ntawm cov acid, thiab cov uas yog txo (qhov no yuav sai sai txhim kho lawv tus mob):

• ntxhia dej, khoom noj siv mis thiab cov tshuaj yej ntsuab pab mus rau alkali concentration;
• qos yaj ywm muaj txhawb rau txo tus naj npawb ntawm bases nyob rau hauv lub cev;
• acid theem nce tshuaj yej, kas fes, bakery khoom, khoom qab zib, cov ntses thiab nqaij, yog li no cov khoom noj yuav tsum tau consumed nyob rau hauv moderation;
• rau normalize lub pH alkaline yog pom zoo kom noj ib da dej thiab sauna.

Alkaline da lim toxins los ntawm lub cev thiab txo cov theem ntawm acid. Saunas kuj muaj ib tug cleansing cov nyhuv, lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam cov ntshav thiab sai sai rov qab kho cov acid-alkaline tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Alkalosis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam, tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm ntau yam pathological tej yam kev mob tus kab mob no muaj ntau zaus, qhov no yog vim lub lability ntawm tus tsis systems ntawm lub cev. Metabolic alkalosis zaum yuav tshwm sim tiv thaiv ib tug tom qab ntawm tej digestive mob uas yog nrog ntuav (muaj txhawb rau tsis ntawm pais plab acid), los yog raws plab.

Cov uas keev ua metabolic alkalosis yog yug poob plig, pyloric stenosis thiab ileus. Tau txais diuretics kuj muaj feem xyuam rau lub acid-puag nqi koj tshuav ntawm tus tsis system thiab yuav ua rau hypoglycemic alkalosis.

Lwm ntau ua mob ntawm nqi koj tshuav ntawm alkalis thiab acids yog tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev kho ntawm acidosis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam. Metabolic alkalosis tej zaum yuav tau txais, nrog rau cov tsheb thauj mus los ntawm cov tshuaj ions yog ntxhov nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv.

Kev tshawb nrhiav pathology yuav siv lub tsom xam ntawm cov quav, nws yuav tshuaj ions, qhov no caij twb tsis kuaj nyob rau hauv cov zis coj mus kuaj.

Ua rau cov pa roj alkalosis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Gas alkalosis zaum yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam nrog hyperventilation, uas muaj peev xwm ntxias ib tug tshuaj lom syndrome uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv mob viral pa kab mob, meningitis, mob ntsws, encephalitis, puas hlwb raug mob, lub hlwb hlav thiab psychogenic tshua.

Thaum cov neeg kho tshuab cua feem ntau muaj compensated pa alkalosis. Calcium tsis muaj peev xwm, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug tsis txaus ntawm cov tsis system, tus neeg mob yuav ntxias convulsions, malaise, nce tes co, thiab tawm hws. Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam hlob, muaj yog povtseg xws li loog loog, ringing thiab tinnitus. Mob hypercapnia yuav ua rau tus me nyuam mob loj heev neuropsychiatric mob thiab txawm ua rau coma.

Cov tsos mob ntawm alkalosis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam

Heev tseem ceeb lub sij hawm mus ntes thiab tshem tawm alkalosis nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus pH ntawm tus me nyuam yuav manifested nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus: ntxhov siab vim, txob taus, nkees nkees, qaug zog, tsis qab los noj mov, digestive ntswj.

Symptomatology tsis txaus ntawm acid-puag taw qhia tej zaum yuav txawv me ntsis, nyob ntawm seb yog vim li cas hais tias provoked ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv pH. Nws txawv li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm cov tsos mob - los ntawm me me mus rau mob loj heev ailments mob nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb heev systems ntawm lub cev.

Thaum hais txog nrog lub tswvyim ntawm alkalosis (dab tsi yog nws thiab dab tsi yog qhov ua rau ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm lub pH), muaj peev xwm yuav ntes tau nyob rau hauv ib tug raws sijhawm ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv sai sai tshem tawm.