Alisher Navoi: Phau ntawv sau txog ib tug zoo heev daim duab

Muaj ntau ntau legends txog lub ntiaj teb no-nrov kws sau paj lug, uas nws lub npe Alisher Navoi. Nws biography yog tag nrho ntawm ntau yam myths xwb, tab sis peb yuav ua tiag mus disperse rau lawv thiab nqa ib co clarity nyob rau hauv nws lub neej zaj dabneeg.

lub birthplace ntawm tus poj poet

Navoi yug nyob rau hauv lub ancient nroog ntawm Herat (tam sim no. Afghanistan) nyob rau hauv 1441, thaum yug tus menyuam ntawm nws christened lub npe Nizamiddin Mir Alisher. Historians tau tseem tsis tau tuaj mus rau ib tug muaj tseeb lub tswv yim ntawm nws lub teb chaws neeg: ib co ntseeg hais tias nws Barlas los yog Chagatai, lwm yam - Uzbek los yog Uighur. Tab sis cia li mus hais tias nyob rau hauv keeb kwm nws belongs rau lub Turkic haiv neeg. Qhov no yog rawsli, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub verses ntawm nws nyob ze cov phooj ywg Abdurahmana Dzhami (uas hais tias "tab sis yog kuv yog Persian thiab nws Turk, peb yog cov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov phooj ywg"), nws tus kheej sau, nyob rau hauv uas nws tau sau hais tias nws tus kheej cov neeg - ib tug Turk. Thaum lub sij hawm Soviet lub sij hawm, Alisher Navoi twb kho raws nraim li cov Uzbek kws sau paj lug thiab txawj xav.

li ntawd, cov tsev neeg

lub kws sau paj lug tsev neeg yog heev muaj nyiaj, nws tus txiv yog ib tug muaj koob ua hauj lwm hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub Timurid thiab nws tus txiv ntxawm - ib tug kws sau paj lug. Vim li no, los ntawm thaum yau Alisher Navoi (uas nws biography yog zoo txuas rau cov pej xeem koom haum saib xyuas), nws sau kwv huam rau ntau yam kev xai. Nrog 1466 nyob rau hauv 1469 xyoo cov tub ntxhais kws sau paj lug nyob thiab kawm nyob rau hauv Samarkand, qhia rau ib tug thaum nyob rau hauv madrassahs thiab txhawb txhua budding kws sau paj lug los yog paub txog.

Alisher Navoi: biography

Great daim duab zwm rau hauv Sufi txiav txim ntawm cov ncaj ncees (Naqshbandi), uas renounced worldly lub neej (Fanny - lub impermanence ntawm lub neej) thiab yog li ntawd tsis tau txais cov tsev neeg. Zoo li txhua tus tswv cuab ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Order, Alisher Navoi (uas nws cov kwv huam kuj piav qhov teeb meem no, piv txwv li, "Lisunov rau-tayir") ntseeg hais tias muaj no tsuas muaj ib txoj kev hlub - rau Allah, yog li nws thiaj tsis xav nyob rau hauv cov poj niam thiab txiv neej sib yuav.

Qhov zoo kws sau paj lug twb reared nyob rau hauv tib lub vaj nrog cov me nyuam Timurid xeem. Nrog Hussein Baykara (uas tom qab ua tus tswv xeev ntawm Khorasan lub xeev) Navoi muaj lub ze tshaj kev phooj ywg uas ntawd kub ntev li tag nrho cov nws lub neej. Thiab yog vim li cas hais tias Alisher Navoi (nws biography hloov dramatically raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim) xa rov qab los ntawm Samarkand rau Herat haiv neeg, kev pab raws li lub coronation yog nws tus phooj ywg Hussein. Nyob rau hauv 1469, tom qab uas kws sau paj lug, Hussein Baykara tswv xeev tsa nws chief curator printing Khorasan lub xeev.

Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, Alisher Navoi, verses uas nws yog yam nyob rau hauv peb hnub, tau txais kev pab hauv lub xeev, sau multifaceted paj huam thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv uas pab rau tag nrho cov paj huam, sau ntawv, ua yeeb yam thiab musicians. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Central Asia, nws yog txog raws li lub ntsiab initiator ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm heev heev madrasas, tsev kho mob, thiab txawm cov tsev qiv ntawv.

Cov hauj lwm ntawm Alisher Navoi

Feem ntau ntawm nws tej hauj lwm ntawm tus poj poet thiab thinker, wrote nyob rau hauv Chagatai lus, kev noj cov theem npe Alisher Navoi (nyob rau hauv Uzbek txhais tau tias "tuneful, melodious"). Nws thawj thawj zaj paj huam nws sau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15. Cov kws sau paj lug muaj ib tug profound cawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov zajlus lus, ua ib tug invaluable pab mus rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov qauv chagatay lub suab hais lus, thiab tom qab lub Uzbek lus.

Kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam yog li ntawd muaj ntau tshaj li 3000 ntau daim ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem compositions. Tej zaum ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog "Pyateritsa", uas muaj 5 dastans. "Layla thiab Majnun", "Farhad thiab Shirin", "Tsis meej pem cia li" - qhov no yog qhov feem ntau nyeem kwv huam Alishera Navoi.

Alisher Navoi: kwv huam nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab

Muaj ntau ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Persian thiab Chagatai lus tau txhais mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo kwv huam - "Ob tug frisky nws ghazals .." - txhais Soviet kws sau paj lug Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias Alisher Navoi tsis kam muab kev hlub thiab lwm yam kev xav rau cov poj niam, nws kuj sau tau ib heev sensual paj huam. Cov lawv - "Nyob rau hmo ntuj ntawm kuv tu siab heev tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no pa yuav so tawm ..." "Yuav kuv tus ntsuj plig quaj, yuav luag ua mob rau nws lub siab phem ..." "Raws li phem nyuaj siab ntxhov pa luam yeeb ntws, saib ..!" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Txawm li cas los, tus sau kuj tsa lub social thiab philosophical teeb meem ( "Bezdolny hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv rags ...", "Raws li lub cawu cub thiab yav tsaus ntuj thiab tus xibfwb ..." "Tag nrho cov them, depriving koj tus kheej ..." thiab thiaj on. D.)

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus lyrical kwv huam, lub kws sau paj lug tsim thiab keeb kwm treatises, uas qhia txog lub neej ntawm lub legendary nuj nqis ntawm kab lis kev cai. Piv txwv li, "Pyateritsa humble" fij tseg rau nws tus kws qhia ntawv thiab colleague Abdurakhman Jami.

Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub artistic hauj lwm Alisher Navoi thiaj li sau ob philosophical zaj paj huam, piav txog nws lub tswv yim txog qhov zoo tagnrho lub xeev. Ib zaj paj huam - "Lub Language ntawm noog", los yog raws li nws yog hu ua, "Tus Parliament ntawm noog: Semurg" - yog cov pinnacle ntawm nws ua hauj lwm, cov allegorical treatise ridicules tag nrho cov ruam rulers, uas tsis paub lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub xeev. Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm Alishera Navoi yog tag nrho ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab ua kom pom tseeb rau ib tug ntau yam xws li los ntawm txoj kev hlub rau kev nom kev tswv thiab los txhim kho cov kev sib raug lub neej zoo tib yam peasants.

kev nom kev tswv

Nws yuav muab sau tseg tias Alisher Navoi muaj mas views nyob rau ntau yam. Piv txwv li, nws yeej ib txwm opposed lub medieval despotic cai, tab neeg rau txim rau cov nom uas coj bribes, raws li zoo raws li sim los tiv thaiv qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg pluag hauv chav kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1472 Navoi tau txais lub Emir title (kab vizier ntawm lub xeev), nws siv nws lub hwj chim los txhim kho lub neej ntawm cov neeg pluag. Txawm tias nws ua phooj ywg nrog tus tswv xeev thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm, Alisher Navoi tseem exiled kav Khorasan xeev Bayqara mus rau lwm lub cheeb tsam rau nws outspoken txheem rau embezzlers thiab xiab-takers. Nyob rau hauv Astrabad nws hais ntxiv hais nws lub hom phiaj los txhim kho cov kev sib raug thiab pej xeem lub neej ntawm cov neeg.

Alisher Navoi ua ib tug zoo pab tsis tau tsuas yog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev system, nws tau muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau kev txhim kho ntawm lub Uzbek lus. Nws tej hauj lwm yog paub nyob rau hauv ntau sab hnub tuaj teb chaws (Uzbekistan, Iran, Qaib ntxhw thiab lwm tus neeg. Central teb chaws Es Xias). Qhov zoo kws sau paj lug tuag nyob rau hauv lub tsev, nyob rau hauv Herat nyob rau hauv 1501.