Adrianople ntiaj teb no. Qhov xaus ntawm Adrianople kev sib haum xeeb Treaty

Relations ntawm Russia thiab lub Ottoman Empire thoob plaws hauv lub keeb kwm ntev heev, thiab feem ntau nom tswv contradictions tau daws nyob rau hauv battlefield. Feem ntau, tus taw tes yog muab tso rau los ntawm lub xaus ntawm kev sib cog lus nyob rau hauv cov tub rog tsis sib haum. Cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau txiav txim txoj hmoo ntawm tag nrho cov haiv neeg uas nyob rau ntawm tus ciam teb ntawm ob empires. Co yog thiab Adrianople kev thaj yeeb treaty.

Tom qab (hnub nyoog 18)

Thawj Adrianople kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Russia thiab lub Ottoman Empire tau kos npe rau 13 Lub rau hli ntuj 1713. Raws li daim ntawv no, lub Ottoman Empire ua tsis tau zoo Azov thiab nyob ib sab mus rau lub fortress cheeb tsam ntawm Aurelie dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub xaus ntawm lub treaty nyob rau hauv 1713 mas suav hais tias ib tug diplomatic kev vam meej ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev, raws li thawm tus tawm tsam rau supremacy ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm sab qab teb-eastern Baltic. Xya xyoo tom qab nyob rau hauv Constantinople nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws tau kos npe "Perpetual kev sib haum xeeb," thiab ib tug xyoo tom qab, cov txheej xwm tshwm sim uas yuam diplomats kom tau raws li dua nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Adrianople.

Nws tag nrho cov pib nrog lub fact tias nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1827 ntawm tsoom fwv ntawm lub Ottoman Empire (Chaw nres nkoj) kaw lub Bosphorus rau lub Lavxias teb sab Navy. Qhov no yog nyob rau txawv nrog Akkerman thoob ntiaj teb convention. Turkish tub ceev xwm kev txaus cai lawv ua los hais tias Nicholas kuv txhawb lub Greeks sib ntaus sib tua rau kev ywj pheej. Sultan Mahmud II paub li provoking ib tug tub rog muaj teeb meem, yog li ntawd, kom cov fortification ntawm lub fortress ntawm tus Danube thiab tsiv lub capital rau Adrianople (Edirne). Lub nroog nkag mus rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej rau ntau centuries ua ntej cov txheej xwm piav. Tom qab tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv le caag los nws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4 AD, muaj ib tug sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Adrianople, uas twb nrog lub yeej ntawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws thiab cim pib ntawm loj tsiv teb tsaws rau sab hnub poob yog npaj txhij.

Lavxias teb sab-Turkish ua tsov ua rog (1828-1829)

Nicholas kuv yuav pab tsis tau tab sis teb rau hostile ua ports. Plaub Hlis Ntuj 14, 1828 lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws officially tshaj tawm hais tias tsov rog nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv. Tsis pub dhau kaum hnub ntawm lub 6 tus tub rog Corps Fedora Geysmara tuaj rau Moldova, thiab nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 27 pib hla lub Danube, uas tau mus kawm lub huab tais nws tus kheej.

Tom qab ntawd Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog twb besieged thiab Varna. Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov battles tau tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Anapa thiab Neeg Esxias qaib ntxhw. Nyob rau hauv kev, Lub rau hli ntuj 23, 1828 twb yuav Kars, thiab tom qab ib tug me me ncua nrog cov phaum ntawm tus kab mob plague, poob los yog surrendered tsis muaj kuj Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Atshur, Ardahan, Poti thiab Bajazet.

Yuav luag tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog tau ntsib ib tug sov so txais tos, raws li feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm lub cheeb tsam nyob qhov twg lub sib ntaus sib tua mus rau, twb Greeks, Bulgarians, Serbs, Armenians, Georgians, Romanians thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm haiv neeg, professing ntseeg Vajtswv. Rau centuries, lawv tau ntshai li ob-class cov pej xeem thiab twb vam rau lub liberation ntawm lub Ottoman quab.

Suav rau tus pab txhawb nqa ntawm lub zos Greek thiab Bulgarian coob, Lub yim hli ntuj 7, 1829, lub Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog, muaj raws ntawm tag nrho cov 25 000 tus neeg tuaj rau Adrianople. commander ntawm lub garrison twb tsis expecting xws li ib tug maneuver, thiab surrendered lub nroog, thiab tom qab ib tug thaum poob kuj Erzurum. Tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug twv kom suav Dibich tuaj txog tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Sultan nrog lub tswv yim los xaus ib daim ntawv cog lus lub npe hu ua lub Treaty ntawm Adrianople.

tsov rog Tiav

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub tswv yim los xaus Adrananopolsky ntiaj teb no tuaj los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, Porta sim nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev uas ceev cov kev sib khom lus, hoping kom koj yaum tau teb chaws Aas Kiv thiab Austria los pab txhawb nws. Txoj cai no tau muaj ib co zoo, thaum Pasha Mustafa, tsis kam mus koom nyob rau hauv tsov rog, nws txiav txim siab los ua kom muaj rau nws Turkish hais kom plaub caug txhiab Albanian pab tub rog. Nws tas Sofia thiab txiav txim siab tsiv mus nyob rau. Txawm li cas los Dibich khaws cia nws lub taub hau thiab hais tias lub Turkish envoy hais tias yog lub Adrianople kev thaj yeeb yog tsis xaus kom txog thaum lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1 nws yuav pib loj-scale raug mob nyob rau Constantinople. Sultan twb ntshai los ntawm ib tug ua tau siege ntawm lub capital, thiab xa mus rau lub tsev hauv paus ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog ntawm lub German Ambassador nrog ib tug kev thov yuav pib npaj rau lub kos npe rau ntawm qhov kev pom zoo rau cessation ntawm hostilities.

Qhov xaus ntawm Adrianople

Cuaj hlis 2, 1829 nyob rau hauv ib tug twv kom profit Dibich beshdefterdar (nyiaj tus neeg saib xyuas) Mehmet Sadik Efendi, thiab Chief tub rog txiav txim plaub ntug ntawm lub Ottoman Empire Abdul Kadir Bey. Lawv commissioned los ntawm lub Porte kos npe rau treaty ntawm Adrianople. Rau sawv cev ntawm Nicholas kuv, tus ntawv twb pov thawj los ntawm lub npe ntawm Count A. F. Orlova, thiab ib ntus thawj coj ntawm lub principalities F. P. Palena.

Treaty ntawm Adrianople (1829): cov ntsiab lus

Cov ntaub ntawv muaj 16 cov khoom. Raws li rau lawv:

1. Qaib ntxhw rov qab tag nrho nws cov European territories nyob nyob rau hauv tsov rog ntawm 1828-1829, tsuas yog lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub Danube, ua ke nrog rau cov Islands tuaj. Ua tsis tau zoo raws li Kars, Akhaltsikhe thiab Akhalkalaki.

2. Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau txais tag nrho cov sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv, los ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Kuban dej mus rau lub wharf St. Nicholas. Yuav kom nws tus kheej pov tseg fortress Anapa, Poti, Sudzhuk quav, raws li zoo raws li lub nroog ntawm Akhalkalaki thiab Akhaltsikhe.

3. Ottoman Empire thawm xyoo pom tau hais tias cov kev hloov mus rau Lavxias teb sab Imereti, Kartli-Kakheti lub nceeg vaj, Guria thiab Samegrelo, thiab pauv mus rau Iran Erivan thiab Nakhichevan khanates.

4. qaib ntxhw tau cog lus tias tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog rau cov zaj los ntawm lub Bosporus thiab cov Dardanelles Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws ua lag luam ships.

5. Kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev tau muab txoj cai mus pauv nyob rau tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub Ottoman Empire, yog li twb tsis muaj ciaj ciam rau lub zos cov tub ceev xwm.

6. qaib ntxhw tau ib yam thiab ib tug ib nrab xyoo rau koj them cov indemnity (1.5 lab Dutch ducats).

7. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, daim ntawv cog lus muaj yuav tsum tau rau paub thiab autonomy ntawm Serbia, raws li zoo raws li Moldavian thiab Wallachian principalities.

8. Qaib ntxhw kuj renounced tej kev sim kom muab tau cov convening ntawm ib tug thoob ntiaj teb lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv cov cai ntawm lub Greek tsoom fwv.

nqi

Adrianople ntiaj teb no yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv lag luam tawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tau ua tiav rau lub accession lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Caucasus. Nws invaluable luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub restoration ntawm lub ywj pheej ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, txawm tias qhov no yuav tsum tau yog tsis thawm xyoo stipulated nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm lub treaty ntawm Adrianople nyob rau hauv 1829 xyoo.