Acetylcholine - ib tug neurotransmitter paj excitation. Acetylcholine: nta, cov khoom, cov khoom

передатчик нервного возбуждения в ЦНС, окончаниях парасимпатических нервов и вегетативных ганглиях. Acetylcholine - ib tug hlab ntsha transmitter nyob rau hauv lub Cns excitation, lub parasympathetic paj txoj thiab autonomic ganglia. Nws ua ib qho tseem ceeb paub tab nyob rau hauv lub neej dab. Zoo li cov kev khiav dej num muaj amino acids, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, adrenaline. Acetylcholine yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws mem tes transmitters nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Cia peb xav txog cov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Qhov kawg ntawm tus fiber uas los ntawm tus neurotransmitter acetylcholine hau, hu ua cholinergic. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj kev tshwj xeeb ntsiab uas nws ua num ua ke. Lawv hu ua cholinergic receptors. Cov ntsiab yog txoj protein molecules - nucleoproteins. отличаются тетрамерной структурой. Acetylcholine receptors txawv tetrameric qauv. Lawv nyob rau sab nto ntawm cov ntshav (postsynaptic) membrane. Los ntawm lawv qhov, cov molecules yog heterogeneous.

Nyob rau hauv sim kev tshawb fawb, thiab yog siv rau cov kev kho mob hom phiaj tshuaj "acetylcholine chloride" nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau cov kev txhaj tshuaj. Lwm yam medicaments raws li nyob rau hauv no yam khoom uas tsis muaj nyob. Muaj lus ua ntawm cov tshuaj: "Miohol", "Atsekolin", "Tsitoholin".

Ib suam ntawm protein choline

Ib txhia molecules nyob rau hauv lub postganglionic cholinergic qab haus huv. Qhov no yog ib thaj chaw du leeg, lub plawv, lub qog. Lawv hu ua m-cholinergic receptors - muskarinochuvstvitelnye. Lwm yam proteins uas nyob rau hauv lub ganglion synapses thiab neuromuscular Somatic lug. Lawv raug xa mus rau raws li n-cholinergic receptors - nikotinochuvstvitelnymi.

kev piav qhia

Qhov saum toj no kev faib yog vim tseem tshua uas tshwm sim thaum cov INTERACTIONS biochemical systems thiab acetylcholine. , в свою очередь, объясняет причины некоторых процессов. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, piav txog vim li cas ib co dab. Piv txwv li, siab yuav txo tau, enhanced secretion ntawm pais plab, thiab lwm yam muaj qaub ncaug, bradycardia, thiab lwm yam thiab pupillary constriction. Muskarinochuvstvitelnye nyob rau hauv cawv rau cov nqaijrog thiab contraction ntawm skeletal leeg thiab li ntawd. Nikotinochuvstvitelnye li raug tus kab mob mus rau lub molecule. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tsis ntev los no, zaum tau pib mus rau cais m-cholinergic receptors nyob rau hauv lub pab pawg. Qhov tseem kawm hnub no lub luag hauj lwm thiab localization ntawm M1 thiab M2 molecules.

Cov tseem ntawm cov nyhuv ntawm

не избирательный элемент системы. Acetylcholine - qhov no yog tsis ib tug keeb ntawm cov neeg xaiv nom system. Nyob rau hauv cov zaubmov, nws muaj feem xyuam rau ob lub m- thiab n-molecules. Muskarinopodobnoe txaus siab yog tus uas niamntiav acetylcholine. воздействие проявляется в замедлении сердечного ритма, расширении кровеносных сосудов (периферических), активизации перистальтики кишечника и желудка, сокращении мышц матки, бронхов, мочевого, желчного пузыря, интенсификации секреции бронхиальных, потовых, пищеварительных желез, миозе. Cov nyhuv no manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tseg lub plawv dhia, dilation ntawm cov hlab ntsha (peripheral), ua kom cov plab hnyuv kom thiab lub plab, uterine nqaij, bronchus, zais zis, tsib lub zais zis, lub intensification ntawm bronchial kua, tawm hws, digestive qog, myositis.

constriction ntawm tus tub ntxhais kawm

Yeej iris nqaij innervated los ntawm postganglionic fibers nyob rau hauv lub oculomotor qab haus huv, pib ib txhij nrog xav txo ciliate. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj ib tug xoob Zinn ligaments. Cov no ib tug spasm ntawm kev pab. Constriction ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv, vim qhov tus ntawm acetylcholine, feem ntau yog nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv intraocular siab. Cov nyhuv no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov expansion ntawm lub plhaub ib feem nyob rau hauv Schlemm tus kwj dej thiab nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau tej qhov chaw fontanovyh miosis thiab flattening cov iris. Qhov no pab cov outflow ntawm kua los ntawm lub sab hauv ntawm lub qhov muag kua.

на основе других подобных ему веществ используются при лечении глаукомы. Muaj peev xwm txo intraocular siab li acetylcholine, formulations raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam zoo xws tshuaj siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm glaucoma. Cov no muaj xws, nyob rau hauv particular, xws li anticholinesterase agents, cholinomimetics.

Nikotinochuvstvitelnye cov nqaijrog

обуславливается его участием в процессе передачи сигналов с преганглионарных нервных волокон на постганглионарные, находящиеся в вегетативных узлах, и с двигательных окончаний на поперечнополосатые мышцы. Nikotinopodobnoe kev txiav txim ntawm acetylcholine tshwm sim los ntawm nws kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub teeb liab transduction los ntawm cov preganglionic paj fibers postganglionarnae uas yog nyob rau hauv lub vegetative ntshav thiab lub cev muaj zog txoj rau lub striated nqaij. Thaum uas tsis muaj koob tshuaj rau yam khoom uas ua raws li ib tug transmitter ntawm muaj sia arousal. , то может развиться стойкая деполяризация в районе синапсов. Yog hais tias acetylcholine yog nce, tej zaum nws yuav tsim pheej depolarization ntawm synapses nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj yog tau thaiv cov hlab cov kev hloov ntawm excitation.

Cns

играет роль передатчика сигналов в различных мозговых отделах. Acetylcholine nyob rau hauv lub cev ua raws li ib lub teeb liab transmitter hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub paj hlwb. Thaum uas tsis muaj ntau nws yuav alleviate, thiab nyob rau hauv loj - qeeb tshaj tawm hauv xov synaptic impulses. Cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov metabolism hauv tej zaum yuav ua rau kom lub hlwb kev ntshawv siab. психотропной группы. Antagonists, uas piv nrog acetylcholine - psychotropic tshuaj pab pawg neeg. Thaum lawv overdose yuav tshwm sim ib tug ua txhaum ntawm ntau dua tshee zog (hallucinogenic los lwm yam).

lub synthesis ntawm acetylcholine

Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm paj txoj. Stocks tshuaj nyob rau hauv presynaptic terminals nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm bubbles. Cov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug txiav txim tej zaum ua rau yus qhov kev tso tawm ntawm acetylcholine los ntawm ob peb puas "tsiav tshuaj" nyob rau hauv lub synaptic cleft. Tshuaj tso tawm los ntawm cov hlwv khi rau cov postsynaptic membrane nrog kev molecules. Qhov no yuav tsub nws permeability rau sodium, calcium thiab poov tshuaj ions. Cov no excitatory postsynaptic peev xwm. Cov nyhuv ntawm acetylcholine yog txwv los ntawm nws cov hydrolysis uas atsetilholiesterazy enzyme.

Physiology nicotinic molecules

Thawj hauj lwm nce intracellular paug fais potentials. Nicotinic receptor los ua ib tus thawj, uas yog tau mus sau cov currents ntws los ntawm ib tug tib channel. Nyob rau hauv lub qhib lub xeev muaj peev xwm dhau therethrough ions K + thiab Na +, mus rau ib tug tsawg raws li divalent cations. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus channel conductivity yog qhia nyob rau hauv ib qhov nqi. Lub duration ntawm lub qhib lub xeev, txawm li cas los, ua yam ntxwv nyob rau lub voltage tej zaum thov mus rau receptor. Ntxiv mus, lub caij nyoog kawg no yog stabilized thaum lub sij hawm kev hloov los ntawm depolarization ntawm daim nyias nyias hyperpolarization. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj yog lub phenomenon desensetizatsii. Nws tshwm sim tom qab heev daim ntawv thov ntawm acetylcholine thiab lwm yam antagonists uas txo receptor rhiab heev thiab ua lub caij ntawm qhib channel xeev.

hluav taws xob stimulation

Dihydro-β-eritroidin blocks nicotinic receptors nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab hlab ganglia raws li qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cholinergic teb. Lawv kuj yus siab affinity affinity nrog tritium xuas nicotine. Sensitive αBGT neural receptors nyob rau hauv lub hippocampus muaj ib tug tsawg nyhav ntawm acetylcholine, tsis zoo li αBGT-insensitive ntsiab. Recycling thiab xim sis tw antagonist ntawm cov thawj ua metillikakonitin.

Tej yam derivatives anabeziina ntxias ib tug xim kom ntxim rau cov pab pawg neeg αBGT-receptors. Lub conductivity ntawm lub ion channel yog txaus siab. Cov receptors txawv txawv voltage-dependent yam ntxwv. Obschekletochny tam sim no nrog rau kev pab los ntawm lub depolarization qhov tseem ceeb e. tej zaum qhia ib tug yuav txo tau ntawm lub ions kis tau los ntawm tus raws.

Qhov no tshwm sim yog li no tswj nyob rau hauv ib tug Mg2 + cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj hais. Qhov no, qhov no pab pawg neeg txawv los ntawm cov nqaij cell receptors. Cov yav tas tsis undergo cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ion tam sim no yuav tau kho cov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim nyias nyias tej zaum. Yog li ib tug N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, muaj ib tug txheeb ze permeability ntawm Ca2 + rau hais, qhia tau hais tias qhov rov qab qhov teeb meem no. Nrog ua muaj peev xwm hyperpolarizing mus nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab Mg2 + ions, lub ion tam sim no yog sim.

Nta muscarinic molecules

M-cholinergic receptors yuav mus rau cov chav kawm ntawv serpentivnyh. Lawv kis impulses los ntawm lub heterotrimeric G-proteins. Group muscarinic receptor tau raug pom tias vim lawv cov vaj tse rau txuas tus alkaloid muscarine. Kov, cov molecules tau piav nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm curare. Direct kev soj ntsuam ntawm pab pawg neeg no pib nyob rau hauv 20-30 xyoo. hauv lub xyoo pua tom qab paub qhov compound raws li lub neurotransmitter acetylcholine, uas cov khoom siv mem tes nyob rau hauv neuromuscular synapses. M proteins uas tshuab txais nyob rau hauv tus ntawm muscarine thiab sim los ntawm atropine, n-tshuab txais molecules nyob rau hauv tus ntawm nicotine thiab sim los ntawm curare.

Tom qab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm subtypes tau raug kuaj tau hauv ob qho tib si ib pawg ntawm cov receptors. Lub neuromuscular synapse muaj tsuas nicotine molecule. Muscarinic receptors yog pom nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov qog thiab nqaij, raws li zoo raws li - nrog n-holinoretseptorami - nyob rau hauv lub neurons ntawm Cns thiab neural ganglia.

zog

Muscarinic receptors muaj ib tug tag nrho co txawv zog. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv autonomous ganglia thiab departing los ntawm lawv postganglioznyh fibers, tsim rau phiaj kabmob. Qhov no cov ntsiab lus rau lub receptors muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tawm thiab parasympathetic tes taws los piav cov teebmeem. Cov no muaj xws, piv txwv li, muaj xws li cov contraction ntawm tus nqaij, vasodilatation, nce tso pa ntawm qog, txo lub plawv dhia. Cns Cholinergic fibers, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm interneurons thiab muscarinic synapses yog feeb meej tsuas yog nyob rau cerebral cortex, hippocampus, qia nuclei, striatum. Nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw lawv muaj nyob rau hauv me me xov tooj. Lub hauv paus m-cholinergic receptors cuam tshuam cov kev cai ntawm cov pw tsaug zog, nco, kev kawm thiab mloog.