Yuav ua li cas yog cov ntshav, txhua leej txhua tus paub. Peb pom tau tias nws ua ntawm daim tawv nqaij, piv txwv li, yog tias txiav los yog tshum. Peb paub hais tias nws yog tuab thiab liab. Tab sis nws yog dab tsi nyob rau hauv cov ntshav? Nws paub tsis txhua leej txhua tus. Meanwhile, nws cov qauv yog complex thiab ua kev. Qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug liab kua. Xim nws imparts yog tsis ntshav, thiab niaj hnub hais nyob rau hauv nws. Cia peb kawm saib, yog dab tsi peb cov ntshav.
Yuav ua li cas yog ntshav?
Tag nrho volume ntawm cov ntshav nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob qhov chaw. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no faib yog zwj ceeb. Thawj feem - peripheral, uas yog ib tug uas ntws nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov leeg thiab cov hlab ntsha, cov thib ob - cov ntshav uas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav-sib sau ua nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij. Lawm, nws yog tujtaws daim los ntawm lub cev, thiab vim hais tias nws yog ib tug formal kev sib cais. Tib neeg cov ntshav yog muaj li ntawm ob lub Cheebtsam - ntshav, thiab cov tsim hais tias yog nyob rau ntawd. Qhov no cov ntshav liab, qe ntshav dawb thiab platelets. Lawv txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv, tab sis kuj ua rau cov kev ua nyob rau hauv lub cev. Ib txhia hais ntau ib co tsawg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus uniform Cheebtsam, ntau yam tshuaj thiab lwm yam hais nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav. Feem ntau, cov ntshav yog menyuam tsis taus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv pathological kev ntawm ib tug kab mob qhov nws yog ua tau rau ntes cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, thiab nyob rau hauv dab tsi proportions yog lub Cheebtsam? Lo lus nug no tau ntev tau kawm, thiab qhov kev kawm ntawm cov caij nyoog cov nuj nqis. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus tib neeg ntshav nws tus kheej yog tus nqi los ntawm 50 mus rau 60%, thiab cov tsim Cheebtsam - los ntawm 40 mus rau 50% ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav. Yog nws tseem ceeb kom paub? Ntawm cov hoob kawm, kev paub txog cov feem pua ntawm cov ntshav liab los yog ntshav dawb tsawg, koj muaj peev xwm ntsuam xyuas cov kev kho mob ntawm tus neeg. Qhov ratio ntawm cov tsim hais rau tag nrho cov ntshav ntim no yog hu ua hematocrit. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, nws tsis yog teem rau tag nrho cov Cheebtsam, thiab tsuas yog cov ntshav liab. Qhov no Performance index yog txiav txim siv ib tug kawm tiav iav raj mus rau hauv uas cov ntshav yog muab tso rau thiab nws twb centrifuged. Yog li hnyav Cheebtsam tog mus rau hauv qab, thiab cov ntshav, on qhov tsis tooj, ntawm lub nce. Ntshav raws li nws exfoliates. Tom qab ntawd cov kws muaj peev xwm tsuas xam li cas ib feem yuav siv sij hawm ib tug los yog lwm yam kev tivthaiv. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, cov kev ntsuam xyuas yog lug siv. Tam sim no lawv ua nyob rau automatic hematology analyzers.
ntshav ntshav
Ntshav - lub kua yog ib tug ntshav tivthaiv, nyob rau hauv uas yog tshem tawm hlwb, cov nqaijrog thiab lwm yam sib txuas. Raws li nws, lawv tau raug dim mus nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij. Yuav ua li cas yog ntshav ntshav? Hais txog 85% - yog dej. Qhov seem 15% yog organic thiab inorganic tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov gases nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab oxygen. Nyob rau inorganic tshuaj dab tsi rau 3-4%. Qhov no anions (PO 4 3-, HCO 3-, li 4 2-) thiab cations (Mg 2+, K +, Na +). Lub organics (kwv yees li 10%) yog muab faib mus rau hauv nitrogen-dawb (cholesterol, qabzib, lactate, phospholipids) thiab nitrogen-muaj tshuaj (amino acids, cov nqaijrog, urea). Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntshav ntawm biologically active tshuaj: enzymes, cov tshuaj hormones thiab vitamins. Lawv tau dab tsi rau txog 1%. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm histology ntshav - qhov no yog tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li lub intercellular kua.
erythrocytes
Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg cov ntshav? Dhau li ntshav nyob rau ntawd thiab yog zoo li tus hais. Liab cov ntshav, los yog erythrocytes, tej zaum qhov loj tshaj plaws pab pawg neeg ntawm cov Cheebtsam. Liab cov ntshav nyob rau hauv lub mature lub xeev yog tsis tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv lawv zoo li biconcave discs. lawv lub neej lub sij hawm yog 120 hnub, tom qab uas lawv raug rhuav tshem. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus po thiab lub siab. Cov ntshav liab muaj ib qho tseem ceeb protein - hemoglobin. Nws plays ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nkev pauv. Nyob rau hauv cov hais, cov pa thauj thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Nws yog ib lub protein hemoglobin ua rau cov ntshav liab.
platelets
Yuav ua li cas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus txiv neej, tsuas yog cov ntshav thiab ntshav liab? Nws muaj platelets. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb heev. Cov me me uas tsis yog-nuclear hlwb nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 2-4 micrometer ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thrombosis thiab homeostasis. Platelets yog disk zoo li zoo lawm. Lawv circulate dawb nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Tab sis lawv pom qhov txawv feature yog lub peev xwm yuav tsum tau teb rau vascular raug mob. Qhov ntawd yog lawv thawj muaj nuj nqi. Thaum raug mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha phab ntsa yog kev cob cog rua rau txhua lwm yam, "kos" kev puas tsuaj, txoj kev ua ib tug heev ntom los khov rau ntawd uas tsis pub cov ntshav khiav. Platelets yog tsim tom qab lub fragmentation ntawm lawv loj predecessors megakaryocytes. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb pob txha. Tag nrho cov megakaryocyte tsim los ntawm ib tug mus rau 10 tysyach platelets. Qhov no yog ib tug ncaj loj tus naj npawb. Lub neej luv ntawm platelets yog 9 hnub. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lawv yuav muaj sia nyob thiab tsawg raws li tus tuag thaum lub sij hawm txhaws nyob rau hauv ib txog hlab ntsha puas tsuaj. Laus platelets tawg ua me me nyob rau hauv tus po thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm phagocytosis los ntawm lub siab ntawm Kupffer hlwb.
leukocytes
Dawb ntshav, los yog leukocytes - yog cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yog qhov particle ntawm cov neeg uas yog ib feem ntawm cov ntshav, uas muaj peev xwm tawm hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab nkag mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no muaj peev xwm los mus pab ua kom tiav ntawm nws cov thawj muaj nuj nqi - kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws cov neeg ua hauj. Leukocytes rhuav tseg pathogenic cov nqaijrog thiab lwm yam sib txuas. Lawv muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tiv thaiv kab mob tshua, yog li ua T-hlwb tau paub txog cov kab mob, txawv teb chaws cov nqaijrog thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd lymphocytes cais B hlwb ua tshuaj thiab macrophages devouring loj pathogenic hlwb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv qhov mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov ntshav know. Nws nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntshav dawb nyob rau hauv nws qhia tias mob tsim.
txoj kev nruab nrog cev
Yog li, rov qab saib cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov ntshav, sab laug mus rau xam qhov twg nws cov tub ntxhais hais raug tsim. Lawv muaj ib tug luv luv lub txee lub neej, li ntawd, koj yuav tsum lossi hloov lawv. Physiological lwm ntawm cov ntshav Cheebtsam raws li nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov laus lub hlwb thiab, thiaj li, tus tsim ntawm cov tshiab sawv daws yuav. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv hematopoietic kabmob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm lawv yog ib tug neeg hlwb pob txha. Nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug ntev pob txha thiab lub plab mog. Cov ntshav yog lim nyob rau hauv tus po thiab lub siab. Cov lub cev tseem nqa tawm nws immunological tswj.