Yuav ua li cas yog metabolism hauv ib: txhais

Ib tug yuav tsum tau mob rau lub hav zoov ntawm tej sia yog ib qhov mov ntawm cov as-ham thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub kawg lwj cov khoom.

Yuav ua li cas yog metabolism hauv ib

Metabolism hauv, los yog metabolism - ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej tshuaj uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tej sia kom muaj nws kev kawm thiab lub neej. Tej tshua muab lub cev lub sij hawm los mus tsim, loj hlob thiab muab thaum ceev nws cov qauv thiab nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau tej stimuli ntawm qhov chaw.

Metabolism hauv yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob ua sawv: catabolism thiab anabolism. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem tag nrho cov complex tshuaj raug tawg cia thiab ua ntau yooj yim. Thaum lub thib ob, ua ke nrog lub zog tus nqi tsim nucleic acids, lipids thiab proteins.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub metabolism plays enzymes uas yog active lom catalysts. Lawv yog cov tau txo tus ua kom lub zog ntawm lub cev tshua thiab tswj metabolic kev.

Metabolic circuits thiab Cheebtsam yog zoo tib yam rau ntau hom, uas yog pov thawj ntawm txoj kev sib sau ntawm keeb kwm ntawm tag nrho cov nyob quavntsej. Qhov no zoo sib thooj qhia ib tug kuj thaum ntxov tshwm sim ntawm evolution nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob no.

Classification hom metabolism

Yuav ua li cas yog metabolism hauv biology, piav nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau muab faib ua yim pawg, coj los ntawm ib qhov chaw ntawm cov pa roj carbon, lub zog thiab oxidized substrate.

Nyob kab mob raws li ib lub hwj chim qhov twg los yuav siv tau lub zog ntawm kev tshua tshuaj, los yog lub teeb. Raws li oxidizable substrate yuav ua tau ob qho tib si organic thiab inorganic tshuaj. Yog qhov uas cov pa roj carbon yog cov pa roj carbon dioxide los yog organic.

Muaj kab mob uas, nyob rau hauv txawv tej yam kev mob ntawm lub neej, siv ntau hom metabolism. Nws yog nyob ntawm cov av noo, teeb pom kev zoo thiab lwm yam.

Multicellular kab mob muaj peev xwm yuav yus nyob rau hauv uas ib tug thiab tib lub cev tej zaum yuav muaj hlwb nrog ntau hom metabolic dab.

catabolism

Biology, metabolism thiab lub zog los ntawm kev xav xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li "catabolism". Qhov no lub sij hawm yog hu ua tus metabolic dab thaum lub sij hawm uas tus loj hais ntawm cov nqaijrog, amino acids thiab carbohydrates raug tawg cia. Thaum lub sij hawm catabolism tshwm sim yooj yooj yim molecules muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub biosynthesis tshua. Nws yog los ntawm cov dab hauv lub cev yog tau npaj yuav sawv zog, transforming nws mus rau hauv ib tug muaj daim ntawv no.

Kab mob uas nyob ntawm photosynthesis (nroj tsuag thiab cyanobacteria), electron hloov lwm lub tsev tshua tsis tso zog thiab accumulates vim tshav ntuj.

Tsiaj txhu catabolic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txoj txuam nrog rau splitting up ntawm yooj yim hais. Tej yam yog nitrates thiab oxygen.

Catabolism nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj yog muab faib ua peb theem:

1. Cleavage ntawm complex tshuaj rau yooj yim sawv daws yuav.
2. Cleavage ntawm tej yam yooj yim molecules rau hauv ntau dua yooj yim.
3. zog tso.

anabolism

Metabolism hauv (txog biology qib 8 considers cov tswvyim no) thiab anabolism yus - ib tug sau ntawm lub metabolic kev ntawm biosynthesis nrog expenditure ntawm lub zog. Complex molecules uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog ntawm cellular lug yog tsim sequentially los ntawm lub feem ntau yooj yim precursors.

Thawj tsim amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides. Ces cov ntsiab yog active ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zog vim yog lub APR. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xeem kauj ruam tag nrho cov active monomers ua ke nyob rau hauv txoj lug xws li cov nqaijrog, lipids thiab polysaccharides.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias tsis yog txhua txhua sia nyob ua ke active molecules. Biology (metabolism piav nyob rau hauv kom meej nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm) allocates xws kab mob raws li autotrophs thiab heterotrophs chemotroph. Lawv tau lawv lub zog los ntawm lwm txoj kev qhov chaw.

Zog muab los ntawm tshav ntuj

Yuav ua li cas yog metabolism hauv ib? Cov txheej txheem uas tag nrho cov nyob yam muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab distinguishes muaj sia nyob los ntawm uas tsis muaj sia teeb meem.

Lub zog ntawm tshav ntuj noj ib co protozoa, nroj tsuag thiab cyanobacteria. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg sawv cev metabolism tshwm sim los ntawm photosynthesis - tus txheej txheem ntawm haum ntawm cov pa thiab raws carbon dioxide.

plab zom mov

Tej molecules li starch, cov nqaijrog thiab cellulose yog cleaved ua ntej lawv yuav siv raws li lub hlwb. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev zom yog kawm tshwj xeeb enzymes uas zom cov nqaijrog rau hauv amino acids thiab polysaccharides - mus monosaccharides.

Tsiaj txhu yuav tso xws enzymes xwb nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb hlwb. Tab sis xws li kab mob yog raug rho tawm hauv lub surrounding chaw. Tag nrho cov tshuaj uas yog ua vim extracellular enzymes uas nkag rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub "active thauj".

Control thiab kev cai

Yuav ua li cas yog metabolism hauv biology, koj yuav nyeem tau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Txhua kab homeostasis yus - constancy ntawm lub sab hauv ib puag ncig. Lub hav zoov ntawm xws tej yam kev mob yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau tej kab mob. Txij li thaum tag nrho cov ntawm lawv ib qho chaw uas yog lossi hloov nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj noj tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm tag nrho cov metabolic tshua yuav tsum raug thiab meej tswj. Zoo metabolism enables muaj sia nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib cuag nrog cov ib puag ncig thiab teb rau cov kev hloov.

keeb kwm ntaub ntawv

Yuav ua li cas yog metabolism hauv ib? Kev Txiav Txim yog nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm no tsab xov xwm. Cov kev xav ntawm "metabolism" rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tau siv lub Theodor Schwann nyob rau hauv lub forties ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm metabolism, zaum koom nyob rau hauv ob peb lub centuries, thiab nws tag nrho cov pib nrog cov me nyuam mus kawm cov tsiaj. Tab sis lub sij hawm "metabolism" twb xub siv los ntawm Ibn al-Nafis, uas ntseeg hais tias tag nrho lub cev yog lossi nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm cov zaub mov thiab lwj, li ntawd, yog yus muaj los ntawm qhov kev hloov rau nws.

Biology zaj lus qhia "metabolism hauv" qhib lub essence ntawm lub tswvyim thiab piav qhia txog piv txwv uas yuav pab ua rau kom lub qhov tob ntawm kev txawj ntse.

Thawj saib xyuas kev nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm metabolism twb tau Santorio Santoro nyob rau hauv 1614. Nws piav txog nws tus mob ua ntej thiab tom qab noj mov, chaw ua hauj lwm, haus dej haus dej thiab pw tsaug zog. Nws yog thawj tug uas pom tias feem ntau ntawm cov kev noj zaub mov twb poob thaum lub sij hawm "imperceptible evaporation" txheej txheem.

Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug kev tshawb fawb, tus metabolic tshua twb tsis pom, thiab zaum ntseeg tias nyob cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lwm yam uas tseem ceeb heev quab yuam.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, Eduard Buchner tswvcuab lub tswvyim ntawm enzymes. Txij thaum ntawd los txoj kev tshawb no ntawm metabolism pib nrog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub hlwb. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, biochemistry tau los ua ib tug science.

Yuav ua li cas yog metabolism hauv ib? Lus Txhais tau muab cov nram qab no - ib tug tshwj xeeb txheej biochemical kev tig cev uas txhawb lub hav zoov ntawm cov kab mob.

minerals

Cov metabolism ntawm ib tug heev loj luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm inorganic tshuaj. Tag nrho cov organic tebchaw xws li ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm phosphorus, oxygen, carbon thiab nitrogen.

Feem ntau cov inorganic tebchaw yuav tswj lub siab theem hauv lub cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub concentration muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau cov hauj lwm ntawm nqaij thiab hlab ntsha hlwb.

Transition co (hlau thiab zinc) tswj cov kev ua ntawm thauj cov nqaijrog thiab enzymes. Tag nrho cov inorganic minerals absorbed los ntawm thauj cov nqaijrog thiab yeej tsis yog nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb lub xeev.