Yuav ua li cas yog lub West Asia nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm? Lub chaw uas zoo heev, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg

Orientalism - thiaj hu ua science uas kawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub Ancient East. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov no lub sij hawm xa mus rau yog tsis ib qhov chaw. Nws yog ib cov kev cai cheeb tsam uas npog lub Asian chaw uas zoo heev, thiab North Africa, nyob qhov twg txawm tam sim no, raws li nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj, Muslim. Txawm li cas los, Western Asia nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm twb tsis zoo li hais tias, raws li peb paub nws hnub no. Nws yog ib tug heev txawv kev ntseeg, kab lis kev cai, kev cai thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej. Peb tam sim no xav txog nyob rau hauv kom meej li cas yog ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm Western teb chaws Asia nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, li cas kev lis kev cai muaj tau khiav thiab yuav ua li cas cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov hnub.

thaj tsam

Yuav pib nrog peb yuav saib cov av uas koom rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Ancient East. Ib tug ceg av qab teb Malaya Aziya, qhov twg niaj hnub no yog Qaib ntxhw, lub Eastern Mediterranean, Mesopotamia (niaj hnub Iraq), lub Sinai ceg av qab teb, Dolina Nila. Tej zaum ib daim ntawv qhia ntawm Western teb chaws Asia nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm kuj muaj xws li lub ib ncig ntawm tam sim no-hnub Iran, uas yog ces ib tug ntawm lub ntiaj teb no chaw ntawm kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm ib tug thaj taw tes ntawm view, cov khoom mus rau lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab lub kab lis kev cai ntawm lub sij hawm uas, lawv differed ho los ntawm tus so ntawm lub saum toj no. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, cov ciam teb rau lwm nthuav rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm West Africa, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb nyob rau Middle East. Culture kis thiab assimilated nrog sab qaum teb neeg.

Periodization thiab chronology

Keeb kwm ntawm Western teb chaws Asia hnub rov qab mus rau 3100 BC. e., thaum tsim thaum ntxov dynastic lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Iyi tebchaws. Chiv, lub teb chaws raug faib mus rau hauv North thiab South, Lower thiab Upper tim lyiv teb chaws, thiab nws cov kev sib hais haum (lub zos hu lawv yuav tsis tau) nyob heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub Nile Valley. Nyob rau hauv 3060, thawj tug tau los rau lub hwj chim (uas muaj npe teev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej nws, ntawm chav kawm, muaj lwm yam rulers) vaj ntxwv - Mina, los yog Menes. Nws koom tag nrho cov haiv neeg thiab ib cheeb tsam, thiab pib mus rau luam tawm ib tug hloov uas mloog txhua yim neeg ntawm nws cov khoom ntiag.

Qhov thib ob loj tshaj civilizations ntawm lub Middle East - yog lub Sumerians thiab cov Akkadians, uas nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia. Lawv chronology pib ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej - nyob rau hauv 2900 BC. e. Cov neeg no nyob zoo li nyob rau hauv Tim lyiv teb chaws - nyob rau hauv tus ntug dej ntawm lub Tigris thiab Euphrates. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm cov neeg hauv zos yog lawv haiv neeg. Sumerians - cov neeg, uas yog tam sim no xav kom tau tu noob. Lawv nyob ntawm me me stature, stocky muaj. Akkadians kuj suav hais tias yog pog koob yawg koob niaj hnub koom pheej - siab, slender, tsaus ntuj nti-skinned. Cov pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov av rau ib ntev lub sij hawm ciali yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv kev rho tawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st BC. e. lawv koom nyob rau hauv lub Sumerian-Akkadian nceeg vaj nyob rau hauv cov cai ntawm cov thawj huab tais - Urukagina.

Tim lyiv teb chaws thiab nws txoj kev ntawm kev loj hlob

Tom qab los rau lub hwj chim, vaj ntxwv thawj zaug mines nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws mus tsim kom muaj ib zaug xwb system ntawm tsoom fwv kev tswj qauv thiab ib thaj tsam. Los ntawm nws kuj pib dynasties uas ntawd kub ntev li kom txog thaum lub thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm tus tshiab era. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws yog nws tsim tau lub pyramids, uas twb tuag Hleb rau tuag pharaohs. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias West Asia nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm yog ib tug pagan cheeb tsam, thiab lub teb chaws tsis yog ib qho kev zam. Egyptians deified ntuj phenomena, tsiaj txhu thiab lawv rulers. Tsis tas li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb hais tias tim lyiv teb chaws yog tib lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam uas tau raug koom, thiab tag nrho cov koom subordinated mus rau lub central tsoom fwv.

Mesopotamia thiab nws cov nta

West Asia nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm feem ntau peb nyob qib qub nrog lub cheeb tsam ntawm Mesopotamia, qhov twg tam sim no pw lub tawg tsam ntawm Babylon lub nroog Ninaves. Tsis zoo li centralized tim lyiv teb chaws, ces yeej los ntawm lub nroog lub xeev. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog koom nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov teb chaws, tab sis nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub sij hawm ntawm lub hwj huam tas nrho yog tsis muaj. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg ntawm thaj Asia, uas nyob rau hauv Mesopotamia, xav tshaj rau pem hauv ntej. Lawv siv ib tug system ntawm irrigation rau saib xyuas vaj tse, lawv twb kev liaj teb, liaj teb, thiab txawm cov tub rog. Cov tsos ntawm lub yav tas pab mus rau mus tas li confrontation uas muaj ntawm cov Sumerians thiab cov Akkadians. Tom qab lub Sumerian-Akkadian nceeg vaj disintegrated, Mesopotamia twb muab faib ua ob qhov chaw: nyob rau hauv sab qab teb muaj ib tug kingdom ntawm Babylon, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb - Axilias. Cov loj civilization tseem yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm nyob mus ib txhis controversy thiab paub tsis meej rau historians.

Anatolia thiab lub Eastern Mediterranean

Ib me ntsis tom qab tshaj tim lyiv teb chaws thiab Mesopotamia, peb pib los tsim lub nroog lub xeev, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj sab ntug dej ntawm lub hiav txwv Mediterranean. Nrog kev xav txog Anatolia (qaib ntxhw) ces tsim lub Hithai nceeg vaj - sib koom siab thiab muaj zog lub xeev, uas tau nyob rau hauv ceev kev sib raug zoo nrog North Africa thiab Mesopotamia. West Asia nyob rau hauv ancient lub sij hawm coj qhov tsov rog nrog cov haiv neeg pom zoo rau txhua lwm yam. Vim rau qhov nrhiav tau ntawm lub teb chaws, cov neeg raug assimilated. Tom qab centuries ntawm yuam tsiv teb tsaws tsim lub Afro-Asiatic haiv neeg tsev neeg uas yog lub npe hu rau peb hnub no. Nws muaj mas koom pheej uas nyob rau hauv tib lub nyob rau hauv lub Middle East cheeb tsam, uas npog lub thaj chaw ntawm West Asia thiab sab qaum teb teb chaws Africa.