Yuav ua li cas yog lub halogens? Tshuaj ntsiab fluorine, tshuaj chlorine ua, iodine thiab astatine

Tag nrho cov ntsiab ntawm cov periodic rooj ua ke los ua ib pawg, nyob ntawm seb lawv tshuaj zog. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav sib tham txog dab tsi halogen (los yog halo).

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm halogens

Halogens - yog hais ntawm lub periodic rooj pab pawg neeg 17, thiab nyob rau ib tug outdated kev faib - 7 ntsiab pab pawg neeg. Nws yog hais txog halogens ntawm 5 tshuaj hais, cov uas fluorine, tshuaj chlorine ua, iodine, bromine thiab astatine. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov uas tsis yog-hlau. Halogen - heev kom nquag plias oxidants thiab externally cov ntaub ntawv hais muaj 7 electrons.

Yuav ua li cas yog halogens, vim li cas lawv tau lawv lub npe? Lo lus "halo" tsim los ntawm ob tug Greek lus, uas ua ke sawv cev rau lub "yug ntsev". Ib lub caij ntawm no pab pawg neeg - tshuaj, nrog rau cov sodium ntsev cov ntaub ntawv.

Lub zog halogen pab pawg neeg

Cov tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lub halogens yog zoo sib xws, tab sis yam ntxwv lub cev ntawm lub ntsiab yog txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Fluoride - ib tug gaseous tshuaj daj xim, nrog ib tug heev tsis kaj siab thiab pungent tsw. Cov tshuaj chlorine ua - gas yog greenish-daj nyob rau hauv cov xim, muaj ib tug hnyav thiab qias neeg tsw. Bromine - kua xim av. Astatine - xiav-dub khoom nrog ib tug pungent tsw. Iodine - nws grey khoom. Ntsiab lus saum toj no hais ntxiv, nws puas yuav tau teb cov lus nug: "Yuav ua li cas yog lub halogens?". Qhov no gases thiab kua, thiab khib nyiab.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lub halogen pab pawg neeg

Lub ntsiab ntau feature ntawm tag nrho cov halogens yog hais tias lawv yog tag nrho cov heev active oxidants. Qhov tseem active halogen yog fluorine, uas reacts nrog tag nrho co thiab feem ntau tsaug zog - astatine.

Sis nrog halogens los ntawm tej yam yooj yim tshuaj (nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm ib co neeg uas tsis yog-hlau) kis tau yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, lawv yog pom xwb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tebchaw.

fluorine

Tej lub caij, fluorine twb tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg XIX xyoo pua Fabkis tus paub txog lub npe Anri Muassan. Fluoro - ib tug roj daj daj. Halogens yog raug uas tsis yog-hlau thiab oxidants, thiab tag nrho cov halogens Fluoro - lub feem ntau kom nquag plias. Tam sim no qhov no halogen yog indispensable nyob rau hauv kev lag luam vim hais tias nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov kav dej, daim kab xev, ntau yam cov ntaub so ntswg coatings, uas tsis yog-stick chaw rau cov lauj kaub thiab nrhiav, thiab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov khoom cua cov hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, lub halogen diluted nrog nitrogen.

tshuaj

Cov tshuaj chlorine ua - ib tug tshuaj caij paub, hais txog ib tug halogen pab pawg neeg. Yuav ua li cas yog halogens, peb tau sib tham txog saum toj no. Cov tshuaj chlorine ua khaws qhov yooj yim thaj chaw ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm cov pab pawg.

Lub npe los ntawm Greek lo lus "chloros", uas translates li ib tug daj ntseg ntsuab. Qhov no gas yog heev nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nws yog nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau muaj nyob rau hauv seawater. Cov tshuaj chlorine ua - ib tug tseem ceeb heev lub caij, nws yog yuav luag indispensable nyob rau hauv tshuaj dawb tso, tua kab mob cov pas dej da, raws li zoo raws li lub tua ntawm cov dej haus.

Tab sis cov tshuaj yog tseem paub ua lub feem ntau txaus ntshai cov riam phom. Nyob rau hauv 1915, German pab tub rog siv tiv thaiv cov Fabkis pab tub rog ntawm txog 6 txhiab. Balloons nrog no halogen. Qhov no yog ib cov riam phom tau yees ua los ntawm tus naas ej German chemist Fritz Haber.

iodine

Iodine los sis iodo, - lwm lub caij, uas belongs rau lub halogen pab pawg neeg. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj lub caij no yog hu ua tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li iodine, tab sis nws generic lub npe yog hais tias yuav iodine. caij npe los ntawm cov Greek lo lus, uas txhais rau hauv Lavxias teb sab txhais tau tias "violet". Qhov no tshuaj caij nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub yog heev. Thaum interacting nrog rau lwm cov halogens, mas tshuaj tau zoo heev txhais tau tias Tsau tshuaj rau cov qhov txhab thiab khawb. Tam sim no iodine siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub qog kab mob.

astatine

Astatine yog nthuav vim hais tias nws yeej tsis tau ua los ntawm chemists nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li xws li hais tias nws yuav pom nrog tus liab qab qhov muag. Thiab feem ntau yuav, cov kev xaiv no yuav tsis tau hais rau lawv puas tau. Yog hais tias cov kws txawj thiab muaj peev xwm nyob kom tau loj nyiaj ntawm no tshuaj caij, nws tam sim ntawd yuav qhuav, vim hais tias ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug kub, Nws yog ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tawg ntawm lub caij. Astatine - lub feem ntau tsawg lub caij, thiab ib tug me me npaum li cas yog pom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab.

Cov halogen astatine - haum puas caij, vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv rau nws pom.

Cov kev siv thiab tseem ceeb

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tag nrho cov halogens muaj zoo xws li cov tshuaj zog, lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv txig cheeb tsam sib txawv. Piv txwv li, fluorine yog heev pab tau rau cov hniav, uas yog vim li cas nws yog ntxiv rau tshuaj txhuam hniav. Daim ntawv thov ntawm kho thiab prophylactic agents, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov tshuaj caij fluorine, tiv thaiv caries. Cov tshuaj chlorine ua yog siv los tsim hydrochloric acid uas yog indispensable nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj chlorine ua yog siv rau cov siv thiab ua cov roj hmab los, yas, kuab tshuaj, dyes, raws li zoo raws li hluavtaws fibers. Tebchaw uas muaj no yog siv nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb rau kev tswj kab tsuag. Halogen chloro indispensable rau lub tshuaj dawb tso ntawm ntawv thiab textiles. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj rau kev kho mob ntawm cov dej haus tsis zoo. Bromine, uas yog halogen, thiab iodine yog feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm halogens nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej yog nco. Yog hais tias peb xav txog tej yam lub hav zoov ntawm noob neej, tsis muaj halogens, peb yuav tau deprived ntawm tej yam xws li duab, antiseptic thiab tshuaj tua kab mob, roj hmab, roj hmab, linoleum, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau los ntawm tib neeg lub cev mus ua kom zoo, hais tias yog, ua si ib tug tseem ceeb lom lub luag hauj lwm. Txawm hais tias thaj chaw ntawm halogens thiab zoo sib xws, lawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab cov tshuaj sib txawv.