Yuav ua li cas yog kev tiv thaiv? Tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv, innate kev tiv thaiv yam

Thaum lub teb chaws yam khoom nyob rau hauv lub cev los tiv thaiv tib neeg noj qab haus huv tau txais kev tiv thaiv. Yuav ua li cas nws yog tsim, nws nyob rau qhov uas yuav ntawm kev cog lus kis kab mob. Yog li, lub tiv thaiv - qhov no yog ib lub cev muaj peev xwm mus tiv thaiv alien invasions.

Lub cev uas yog nyob ze sib koom tes nrog rau lwm cov systems nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, muaj rau nws tshee los yog endocrine kab mob yuav txo tau kev tiv thaiv, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv, nyob rau hauv lem, tus tag nrho lub cev muaj peev xwm phomsij.

Piav lub cev kev tiv thaiv yog muab faib ua ob hom: tiv thaiv congenital thiab mas yuav kis tau. Ntxiv ntau, peb yuav qhia txog lawv cov nta thiab txoj kev txiav txim.

Tsis tseem ceeb tus tswv tsev tiv thaiv

Txhua tus neeg yug los nrog nws cov kev ruaj ntseg nta, uas ua rau lub cev. Tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv pub thiab nrog tib neeg lub neej.

Thaum yug los, tus me nyuam los ntawm cov menyuam tsis taus plab nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tshiab rau nws, nws nyob qhov twg tam sim ntawd pib mus tua ntau thiab tsis tus phooj ywg kab mob uas muaj peev xwm tiag ua mob rau tus me nyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis nws yog tsis muaj mob ib zaug. Nws nyuam qhuav tshwm sim vim hais tias nyob rau hauv kev soj ntsuam txog nrog xws li microbes pab rau lub cev kom me nyuam mos tej yam ntuj tso innate tiv thaiv.

Txhua lub cev yog sib ntaus sib tua lawv tus kheej nrog kev ruaj ntseg. lub innate cev muaj zog txaus, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv lub caj ntawm tus neeg.

Tsim kom muaj lub cev tiv thaiv

Tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv pib nws tsim thaum tus me nyuam yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev menyuam. Twb los ntawm lub ob hlis uas cev xeeb tub nteg tus hais, uas yuav ua tau lub luag hauj lwm rau tus me nyuam txoj kev nyab xeeb. Lawv yog ua los ntawm qia hlwb, thiab ces poob mus rau hauv tus po. Nws phagocytes - hlwb ntawm innate tiv thaiv. Lawv ua hauj lwm ib lub zuj zus thiab tsis muaj clones. Lawv yooj yim muaj nuj nqi yog searching rau hostile khoom nyob rau hauv lub cev (antigens) thiab neutralizing lawv.

Hais tias cov txheej txheem tshwm sim ntawm kev phagocytosis mechanisms:

1. Phagocyte txav mus rau antigen.
2. Txuas mus rau nws.
3. Tshuab txais phagocyte membrane.
4. Lub particle yog yog twv mus rau hauv lub tawb, thiab cov npoo ntawm daim nyias nyias raug kaw dua nws, los yog tsim nyob rau pseudopodia, enveloping nws.
5. Lub vacuole nrog uas xa tuaj nrog nyob rau ntawd txawv teb chaws hais nkag rau hauv lysosomes muaj digestive enzymes.
6. Lub antigen puas lawm thiab nqis.
7. Lub degradation khoom uas tso los ntawm lub cell.

Nyob rau hauv lub cev tseem muaj cytokines - taw molecules. Thaum nrhiav kom tau ntawm yus tej khoom lawv ua phagocytes. Siv cytokines, phagocytic hlwb yuav ua kom pab lwm tus phagocytic hlwb mus rau lub antigen thiab qhib dormant hlwb.

Kev pab tiv thaiv thaum ua hauj lwm

Lub degree ntawm lub cev kuj mus kab mob plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm lub cev. Tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv xws li mob, lub cev muab kev tiv thaiv mus rau 60%. Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm cov hauv qab no mechanisms:

• nyob rau ntawm tej yam ntuj tso tej nyob rau hauv lub cev: qhov ntswg lej week, daim tawv nqaij thiab sebaceous qog, thiab lwm yam.;.
• ntawm lub siab;
• lag luam ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua complement system muaj 20 protein tsim los ntawm lub siab;
• phagocytosis;
• interferon, NK-hlwb, NKT-hlwb;
• anti-inflammatory cytokines;
• tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj;
• antimicrobial peptides.

Pub muaj peev xwm ua kom puas txawv teb chaws tshuaj, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm tus thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg kho mob. Cov mechanisms ntawm innate kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li ib tug feature, raws li muaj los hais tias sai sai muab kev puas tsuaj rau lub pathogen, tsis muaj txoj kev npaj theem. Txheej week paim hnoos qeev, uas hinders ib tug ua tau txuas ntawm kab mob, thiab lub zog ntawm cilia clears pa ib ntsuj av tau los ntawm txawv teb chaws hais.

Tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv tsis tau hloov, thiab nws yog tshuaj los ntawm cov noob pub. NK-hlwb (yog li ntawd-hu ua ntuj killers) innate tiv thaiv tua pathogens tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev, - nws tej zaum yuav muaj ntawm tus kab mob no los yog mob hlwb. Yog hais tias tus xov tooj thiab kev ua si ntawm NK-hlwb ntog, tus kab mob no pib vam meej.

nrhiav kev tiv thaiv

Yog hais tias lub innate kev tiv thaiv yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tib neeg los ntawm kev yug me nyuam, mas yuav kis tau zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub neej. Nws los nyob rau hauv ob hom:

1. Lawm muab - tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm lub neej raws li ib lo lus teb mus rau hauv lub cev antigens thiab pathogens.
2. Artificially mas yuav kis tau - txoj kev raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Lub antigen tshuaj tiv thaiv xeem, thiab lub cev teb rau nws xub ntiag. Kev paub txog cov "yeeb ncuab", lub cev ua cov tshuaj los mus tshem tawm nws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm antigen tseem nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm tes, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tshiab ntxeem tau, nws yuav raug rhuav tshem.

Yog li, muaj ib tug "immunological nco" nyob rau hauv lub cev. Nrhiav kev tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav yog ib tug "menyuam tsis taus", uas yog khaws cia thiab lub neej, tab sis nyob rau hauv Feem ntau nws tshwm sim raws li ntev raws li lub cev yog teeb meem pathogen.

Principles rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm innate thiab adaptive kev tiv thaiv

kev tiv thaiv hauv paus ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv tib kev taw qhia - kev puas tsuaj ntawm siab phem yam khoom. Tab sis qhov no tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv fights nrog yus hais ntawm o thiab phagocytosis, thiab siv cov kis tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lub hlwb.

Ua hauj lwm los mus tiv thaiv cov ob sib xyaw. tseem qhuas system yog ib tug Neeg Nruab Nrab ntawm lawv, nrog nws cov laaj ensured ntawm lub cev lo lus teb. Yog li ntawd, ntawm NK-hlwb yog ib feem ntawm congenital kev tiv thaiv, thiab lawv tsim cytokines, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, tswj cov kev ua ntawm T-lymphocytes, attributable mus rau lub tshaaj.

Kev txhim kho teeb meem zog

Coj kev tiv thaiv, innate kev tiv thaiv - tag nrho cov no yog ib tug hluas interconnected system, thiab yog li kom ntxiv dag zog nws yuav tsum tau ib tug kev mus kom ze. Koj yuav tau saib xyuas ntawm lub cev raws li ib tug tag nrho, qhov no yuav pab:

• txaus lub cev ua ub no;
• khoom noj kom zoo;
• paaj ib puag ncig;
• kom tsawg ntawm cov vitamins;
• nquag airing ntawm lub chav tsev thiab kom muaj nws nyob rau hauv ib tug dej siab kub thiab humidity.

Khoom noj khoom haus kuj plays ib tug luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm lub cev. Kom nws ua hauj lwm zoo, kev noj haus yuav tsum yog tam sim no:

• nqaij;
• ntses;
• zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
• nqaij ntses nyoo;
• khoom noj siv mis;
• ntsuab tshuaj yej;
• ceev;
• cereals;
• legumes.

xaus

Los ntawm cov saum toj no nws yog tseeb hais tias peb yuav tsum tau ib tug zoo tsim tiv thaiv kab mob rau tej tib neeg lub neej. Tsis tseem ceeb thiab mas yuav kis tau kev tiv thaiv yog interconnected thiab pab tau lub cev tau tshem ntawm cov teeb meem infiltrated therein hais. Thiab rau lawv zoo ua hauj lwm koj yuav tau muab tsis tau phem thiab muaj ib tug noj qab nyob zoo txoj kev ua neej, tsis txhob cuam tshuam lub livelihoods ntawm "txhawb" hlwb.