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Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug piv txwv? sampling zaus

Yuav ua li cas yog lub Digitisation, niaj hnub no yeej paub tej kev nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm digital photography. Txawm li cas los, muaj coob tus neeg uas yog cia li pib mus ntsib cov cheeb tsam no, tsis paub nws lub ntsiab nta, yog li ntawd yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj tej yam yuam kev.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug piv txwv? Qhov no undesirable nyhuv, uas ua rau yus mus rau lub fact tias cov duab zoo yog remarkably qub. Qhov no tshwm sim tej zaum yuav txuam nrog kev ntaus los yog cov txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog muab faib ua ob peb cais kuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, piv txwv yuav ntshai li ib hom cuam txawv, yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug tej yam kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov zaus ntawm lub phenomenon thiab cov kuaj periodic qauv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov tib neeg qhov muag yog lossi mob siab xyuas kom meej tias perceive ib tug tej yam piv li ib tug cuam tshuam tus qauv uas yuav obscure lub ntsiab tseeb ntawm ib cov duab. Xav cov piv txwv ntawm dab tsi cov zauv, yog muab ib tug moire txawv, uas yog tsis heev muaj tseeb nws cov nyhuv, tab sis tej zaum nws yuav qhia li cas ib tug neeg yog qaug nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub thaum lub ob qauv pib mus nrog txhua lwm yam, txoj kev ua ib tug thib peb.

Yuav ua li cas yog moiré?

Moire yog to taub tsis tau laim ntoom txawv, uas yog Ameslikas tsis tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm. Cov nyhuv no yog feem ntau yuav tshwm sim nyob rau txawv dluab uas tau los ntawm txoj kev cov pab kiag li lawm. Thiab qhov teeb meem no yog hais tias tus kwv qauv yog superimposed on qhov kev tso kawm cov qauv ntawm cov pixels rau lub matrix, uas muaj ib tug thib peb, uas yog hu ua ib tug moire.

Advantageously feem ntau ntawm cov mob no cov nyhuv tshwm sim nyob rau siab zoo ncauj lus kom ntxaws dluab uas tsis sib haum mus rau lub rooj Ameslikas teeb sensors. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yuav pom nquag nyob rau hauv rooj plaub muab tshem tawm tej khoom xws li cov plaub hau los yog daim ntaub, raws li tau zoo raws li thaj av, uas muab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm duplicate qhov chaw. Feem ntau, moire yuav tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm, raws li nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov dluab, uas yog tau los ntawm txoj kev ib cov koob yees duab los yog luam theej duab tom qab siv tsis raws cai.

Heev feem ntau, nyob rau hauv hnub no tus cov koob yees duab, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo no cov nyhuv, siv ib tug tshwj xeeb kho qhov muag uas tsis muaj-pass lim, li ntawd, yog hais tias koj yeej yuav paub ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv photography, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov xav txog cov qauv nrog rau qhov no feature, uas yuav tsum tau muab kom txaus zoo yog nyob ntawm seb nyob rau ob lub tej yam kev mob.

Discretization nyob rau hauv niaj hnub cov koob yees duab

Nyob rau hauv hnub no tus cov pab kiag li lawm, cov zauv nyhuv yog vim lub fact tias cov lus qhia no muab faib ua ob peb kuaj tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib tug ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov chaw ntawm pixels rau lub matrix, lub thib ob qauv yog tej ntsiab nyob rau hauv cov duab, uas yuav tau rov qab tshaj ib tug loj cheeb tsam los yog uas yog hloov tom qab ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm pixels nyob rau hauv lub transverse los yog longitudinal kev taw qhia.

Rau cov neeg uas tsis to taub dab tsi yog piv txwv thiab thaum nws tshwm sim, koj yuav tau muab ib tug piv txwv. Thaum muaj tsis txaus nyob rau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm pixels kev ntaub ntawv rau cov duab, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws zoo. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem version nws yuav txaus tsuas mus xaiv ib tug ntau dua kev daws teeb meem, yog li kom ntseeg tau tus txij nkawm ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau tus xov tooj ntawm pixels rau cov kis qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab nrog ib tug tej neeg, thiab yog hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm pixels yuav tsis muaj txaus, peb yuav cia li pom ib tug me naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm cov duab.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb. sampling kev tshawb xav hais tias nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag qhov teeb meem no yog ntau npaum li cas tsis zoo, thiab yog hais tias peb yuav tsis muaj txaus tus naj npawb ntawm pixels nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua ib tug yam duab, ces daim duab zoo yuav deteriorate tsis tu ncua.

Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam pixels koj xav tau?

Noj piv txwv li qhov teeb meem no thaum uas muaj ib daim duab cia li 20 dub thiab dawb kab txhua muaj tug dav ntawm 5 pixels. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yog muaj ib tug pixel yog muab rau txhua tus kab, daim duab yuav tsum tau muab kaw. Lawm, yog hais tias tus pixels tsis poob kom meej meej rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm txhua kab, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua pixel yuav tig txho, tsis dawb los yog dub, thiab qhov ntxoov ntxoo twb ncaj qha yuav nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas lub pixel yog positioned txheeb ze rau cov kab.

Yog hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm pixels nyob rau hauv cov duab yuav txo tau, ces nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, ib txhia ntawm lawv yuav tsum muab ntawm cov kab, yog li ntawd cov duab tshwm saum toj no tus qauv uas yuav tsis tu ncua yuav txawv nyob ntawm dab tsi correlation yog nyob rau hauv lub luv ntawm cov kab thiab tus xov tooj ntawm pixels. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov duab no yuav tsis tau ib tug pes tsawg tu tub tu kiv ntawm tus thawj, raws li cov kev qauv ntawm cov kab yog twb noticeably zoo. Nws yog qhov no tshwm sim hu ua "cov ntaub ntawv zauv" nyob rau hauv kev voj voog.

Yuav ua li cas?

Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, nws yog tsim nyog los muag hauv daim duab ua ntej koj txo tau cov naj npawb ntawm cov pixels. Yog li, koj yuav tau kiag li tau tshem ntawm tus ntse sawv nyob rau txhua txoj kab, thiab cov pixels muaj peev xwm coj intermediate qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov duab yuav softer, tab sis khaws cia rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov tswv yim ntawm cov duab.

Qhov no ua rau cov duab?

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus ua thiab kev qauv ntawm cov kab yuav pom heev tsawg nyob rau hauv cov duab los ntawm ntau yam tej yam ntuj tso khoom - lawv muaj yog feem ntau yog tas rau cov dluab ntawm ntau yam dag lug xws li vaj tse thiab os. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov zauv tob yuav ua tau impressive, yog li no cov nyhuv yog yeej ib txwm zam ua yam shooting khoom.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia qhov tseeb hais tias cov duab zoo yuav ua tau kiag li sib txawv, txawm yog hais tias lawv muaj tib lub xov tooj ntawm pixels. Tom qab tag nrho, cov lwm yam, qhov txawv ntawm cov dluab kuj yuav nyob rau hauv raws nraim yuav ua li cas lawv twb tau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, cov duab tej zaum yuav dog dig mitigated los ntawm xeem dhau los ntawm ib tug tsawg pass lim kom tau intermediate pixel qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej txo qhov luaj li cas, whereas lwm cov duab tej zaum yuav tsuas yog txo nyob rau hauv loj tsis ua nws li tsis muaj ntxiv kev hloov thiab tsis txhob muab intermediate qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau ib thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom uas muaj cov heev ceev hloov nyob rau hauv brightness.

Yuav ua li cas mus xyuas?

Yuav kom to taub li cas nws ua hauj lwm, cia li txaus rau muab ib daim duab, thiab ces ua ib daim ntawv. Thawj lim thaum resizing nrog rau qhov kev xaiv ntawm thiaj li hu ua lis-nyhav filtering, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem tsev av Photoshop. Yog li, daim duab yuav tsum mitigated. Dua li ntawm qhov ntaus cim txo nyob rau hauv lub pixel, lub zaus ntawm tonalities nws thiaj li tshwm sim tus thiab heev haum rau cov muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm pixels.

Tom qab hais tias, peb ua ib daim ntawv luam ntawm cov duab txo ua ntej lawm, hais tias, mus txog rau 30% ntawm lub yeej loj, siv cov kev xaiv "nyob ze cov neeg nyob ze point" nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov kev pab cuam. Hais tias lub lag luam no thaum kawg yuav muab rau koj ib tug piv txwv zoo, uas yuav tshwm.

suab Qauv

Suab Qauv - ib tug filtering ntawm lub suab yoj ua ntej nws yuav tau kev cawm dim li ib tug lub tej ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov phiaj ntaub ntawv no tsis yog ib pes tsawg daim ntawv ntawm lub suab yoj, tiam sis tsuas yog approximate. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, lub suab qauv qhia ib tug meej poob nyob rau hauv cov uas raug cawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis nyob rau lwm yam tes muaj ntau ntau ntawm lub suab deeg, uas tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav muab cia rau hauv lub hard disk.

Tej suab filtering hu ua "sampling zaus". Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tsuas nyob rau hauv qhov muaj yog tsis muaj suab ntawm no nyhuv, tab sis yog ob peb paub txog nws. Zauv tus nqi - yog lub imposition ntawm ib lub daim phiaj rau ib lub suab yoj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsuas tej ntsiab tseem ceeb.

Cov ntaub ntawv siab tag nrho ntawm lub suab tsis yuav nyuaj heev. Nws yog vim li no ntau npaum li cas yuav nrhiav tau ib tug teeb meem uas ob tug-channel suab ntaubntawv raug ua los nrog ib tug zauv zaus ntawm 44.1 kHz. Cov yav tas feem ntau xaiv, raws li qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, xav tias lub suab ua, nws yog tsim nyog los them tshwj xeeb mloog mus rau tej tsis raws li cai tob thiab coj tus nqi, vim hais tias tus nqi yog siab dua, qhov ntau dua cov kev cov teeb liab yuav sib haum mus rau analog.

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