Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug galaxy, thiab dab tsi yog lawv?

Cov neeg uas nyiam mus saib nyob rau ntawm lub hmo ntuj, tej zaum pom tus dav band nruj nreem strewn ntau yam (kaj, NW nyuam qhuav perceptible, xiav, dawb, thiab lwm yam) hnub qub. Qhov no pawg yog cov galaxy.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug galaxy? Ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj mysteries ntawm lub ntug lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias countless cov hnub qub yuav tsis ua li khiav ri across rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab yog grouped rau hauv galaxies. Nyob rau hauv ntau tus tib yam cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog, tawm hauv ib qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov koom npliag.

Peb ntiaj chaw yog ib feem ntawm lub galaxy lub kab lig ntuj txoj kev. Ib txhia cov npe ntawm cov galaxies yog cov zoo paub: lub Loj thiab Me Magellanic Huab, lub Andromeda Galaxy. Lawv peb yuav saib tau nrog cov liab qab qhov muag, thaum lwm tus neeg yog heev deb ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Kuj muaj lub sij hawm ntev ua tsis tau tejyam rau pom nyob rau hauv lawv ib co hnub qub, nws muab tawm los mus ua kom tsuas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th.

"Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug galaxy?" - lo lus nug no muaj ntev xav zaum. Tab sis qhov tiag txhob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lig thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, thaum nws tau tsim thiab launched rau hauv qhov chaw telescope "Hubble".

Qhov luaj li cas ntawm peb galaxy yog li ntawd loj loj hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom txawm xav txog tej yam. Ib puas txhiab lub ntiaj teb xyoo yuav tsum muaj cov teeb beam mus cuag nws nrog ib tug xaus mus rau lwm yam. Thaum nws chaw nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm uas ob peb ceg spiraling kab uas muaj cov hnub qub. "Ceev" qhov no yog tsuas pom meej, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb lawv nyob heev tsis tshua muaj.

Muaj ntau hom kev galaxies. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv zoo, qhov hnyav, loj, me, raws li zoo raws li lub tshuaj muaj. Lawv tag nrho cov muaj cov roj thiab cov hnub qub hmoov av. Muaj kauv, elliptical, lus, kheej zoo li thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv ntawm cov galaxies.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug galaxy? Yuav ua li cas yog lawv muaj hnub nyoog? Yuav ua li cas lawv ua hauj lwm? Yuav ua li cas dab yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw? Lawv muaj hnub nyoog yog kwv yees li sib npaug zos rau cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm lub ntug. Rau zaum nws tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub galaxy. Nws tau raug nrhiav tau hais tias ib co nuclei yog heev kom nquag plias. Nws yog ib tug surprise, vim hais tias kom txog rau thaum no discovery, nws txawm xav hais tias lub nucleus yog ib tug tuab pawg pua pua lab ntawm cov hnub qub. Tawg (kho qhov muag thiab xov tooj cua) tej zaum yuav txawv nyob rau hauv ib co galactic cores nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb lub hlis. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tso ib tug enormous nqi zog (ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv ib tug supernova flash) nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv 1963, nws qhia ib tug kiag li tshiab tej yam khoom uas muaj ib lub hnub qub zoo li tus tsos Lawv hu ua quasars. Lawv luminosity, raws li nws muab tawm, nyob deb superior luminosity galaxies. Nws yog li ntawd lub brightness ntawm quasars tej zaum yuav txawv.

Tsim kom muaj galaxies - nws yog ib tug natural txheej txheem ntawm cov evolution ntawm lub ntug, ntws nyob rau hauv tus ntawm gravitational rog. Qhov ntau hom thiab rho los ntawm cov galaxies yog vim ntau yam ntawm tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas lawv yug los. Compression ntawm lub galaxy yuav kav 3 billion. Years. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov roj yog ib tug transformation nyob rau hauv lub hnub qub system. Nws yog los ntawm compression ntawm ib tug roj huab tsim thiab cov hnub qub (ntawm ib tug tej yam ceev thiab kub txaus rau fusion dab).

Maj mam interstellar roj reserves raug depleted, thiab tsim los ntawm cov hnub qub yuav tsawg mob siab heev. Thaum tag nrho cov kev pab yog sab sab, ib tug kauv galaxy yog hloov mus rau hauv lenticular, muaj raws nkaus ntawm liab hnub qub. Qhov no yuav tsis nyob ntev yog elliptical galaxies uas nws gas pab tau siv lwm 15-20 billion. Years ago.

Muaj coob tus neeg muaj ib lub tswv yim li cas ib tug galaxy yog tsim heev heev cov science ntawv tseeb movies, lub heroes uas hlub los mus ncig lub expanses ntawm qhov chaw, mus saib cov tsis paub hais tias ntiaj teb thiab galaxies. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no yog tsis npaj rau yav tom ntej. Txawm yog hais tias peb tsiv mus nyob rau hauv lub ceev ntawm lub teeb (uas tsis tau dhau lawm ntev), ces mus rau lub Andromeda Galaxy (peb nyob ze galaxy) peb tau txais tsuas yog tom qab 2.5 lab lub xyoo. Txawm tias (raws li cov lus teb ntawm astronomers) yog nce rau peb thiab nyob rau hauv 4-5 billion xyoo, ntsib nrog peb Kab lig ntuj, uas yuav ua rau tsim ntawm ib tug tshiab elliptical galaxy.