Yuav ua li cas yog ceramics? Semikarakorsk ceramics

Ib tug ntawm cov hom ntawm pej xeem cov crafts yog los tsim tais diav ntim chaws. Qhov tseeb hais tias xws li ib tug tej hub, uas hom nws yog faib, vim hais tias ntawm nws khoom, nyeem tsab xov xwm.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Yuav ua li cas yog ceramics? Qhov no tais diav ntim chaws, lub xeem firing txheej txheem. Ncaim rau txhiab xyoo ua ntej cov neeg muaj peev xwm nyob rau formulate nws ib cos txhais. Tus txiv neej los ua xav nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov av nplaum khoom, thaum nres lawv nomadic txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab pib mus nyob ib lub tswm lub neej. Kev loj hlob ntawm crafts pab txuas mus rau ib tug tas mus li qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Lawv txawj neeg dhau los ntawm cov laus tiam mus rau tus yau.

Nws yog tau hais tias tej hub khoom yog thawj thawj tug uas tsim txiv neej. Yuav ua li cas yog ceramics? Ancient cov neeg tsis muab nws views on. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li hu ua kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov av nplaum tov nrog txiv qaub, quartz los yog Feldspar. Lug tau sai dlua tag nrho cov no ua rau hauv ib tug loj ntawm taub hau, cov khoom tsim los ntawm txhais tes, thiab tom qab ntawd rau ib tug Potter lub log, thiab hlawv nws.

Yuav ua li cas yog hu ua tus ceramics?

Txhais los ntawm cov Greek lus yog "av nplaum". Yuav ua li cas yog ceramics? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog ib tug sib tov ntawm tej yam ntuj tso ntaub ntawv xws li av nplaum, xuab zeb, zircon thiab lwm tus neeg. Khoom siv tes ua rau zus tau tej cov hub khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug paub ib tug neeg mus rau peb los ua kev koom tes nrog vim tau kawm cov kev txawj ntawm melting ntawm organic hais sov siab - txog li 2,500 degrees.

zoo tej hub av nplaum tau txais nyob rau hluav taws. Cov khoom siv rau zus tau tej cov uas siv ib tug nyias av nplaum dawb yog hu ua iav. Dawb av nplaum ua ke nrog quartz xuab zeb - nws faience. Cov khoom ua los ntawm liab av nplaum - tais diav ntim chaws thiab ceramics.

ceramics

ceramic art txij ancient sij hawm yog lub handicrafts. Cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tib neeg lub neej, lawv tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb heev ib feem ntawm nws lub neej. Txawm ces tej hub khoom txawv nyob ntawm lub tsim txoj kev, lub raw cov ntaub ntawv, ib tug txheej muaj pes tsawg leeg lub hom phiaj. Masters ntawm tais diav ntim chaws twb ua paj huam, jugs ntawm cov mis nyuj thiab kvass, ntau yam tais, cov tais thiab ntau lwm yam khoom uas tau siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

Ntuj av nplaum zog (ductility thiab cov laus cov ntaub ntawv uas) nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm hues glaze thawm raug cov artworks. Txawv eras tau ncaim lawv cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm cov kev kawm. Tam sim no, ceramics ntiaj teb no tau ua ntau ntau haiv neeg thiab vibrant. Paj nyob rau hauv lub artistic kev txawj yog fwm.

Niaj hnub no, ceramics tau lug siv nyob rau hauv sab hauv ntawm lub sab hauv qhov chaw thiab lwm facade ntawm lub tsev. Los ntawm nws ua hniav grilles thiab phab ntsa, fireplaces, ornamental panels, vases, ceg txawb tswm ciaj, bowls, cov hlab ntsha. Lub ntiaj teb no abounds ceramics tshwj xeeb cov qauv, cov khoom rau kho kom zoo nkauj. Tais diav ntim chaws yog lub nram qab no hom:

• Terracotta - los ntawm Italian txhais tau tias "ci ntiaj teb". Cov raw khoom rau qhov siv thiab ua cov dawb lias av nplaum yog ib tug ntxeem tau qauv. Cov khoom tsis glazed. Nws yog siv rau tsev neeg, kev tsim kho kev xav tau thiab kev artistic hom phiaj. Terracotta yog siv rau cov uas ua tais diav, sculptures, vuas, vuas, cov phab ntsa vuas, uas yog tam sim no ua los ntawm "Jade Ceramics" - Zog ntawm Guj kuj ua tsim kom muaj.

• Tais diav ntim chaws ceramics - cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxiv ua. Ua ntej firing smooth cia lawv phab ntsa (loschat) tsis kis tau los ntawm lawv cov kua. Qhov no yog ua raws li ntev raws li lub ci zoo nkaus li. Cov khoom no yog ces muab tso rau hauv qhov cub los txias thiab tuav cov pa luam yeeb rau ib tug ntev lub sij hawm. Qhov no tus txheej txheem no hu ua "Moraine". Cov muaj hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv ib qhov cub cov khoom no yog rho tawm thiab raus rau hauv dej nrog hmoov. Qhov no "nres lub" los yog "obvarka". Lub nto yog them nrog zoo nkauj cim thiab yog waterproof. Tais diav ntim chaws ceramics yog siv rau cov uas ua tsev neeg siv.
• Majolica - ib yam khoom ua los ntawm tais diav ntim chaws av nplaum txheej nrog rau xim glazurevym. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los tsim cov hniav panels, vuas, architraves, sculptures, tais diav thiab lwm yam khoom.
• Iav - hallmarks ntawm ib tug dawb xim, transparency thiab nyias phab ntsa. Nws muaj lub peev xwm tsis mus paim quav. Nyob rau cov teebmeem ntawm kev kub muaj peevxwm iav yog mos mos thiab ruaj. Tus thawj yog siv rau zus tau tej cov hniav khoom, thiab lub thib ob - rau cov tais diav.

• Earthenware - uas zoo sib xws rau iav, tab sis tsis yog li ntawd dawb dawb thiab pob tshab. Crock thicker ntxeem tau qauv, tsawg check, kis ya raws. Los ntawm nws yog ua cov tais diav, WC, cov dab dej ntxuav, zoo nkauj vuas. "Jade-Ceramics" - enterprise, uas yog ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm lub yav tas rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab kev ua lag luam. Khoom zoo ensured los ntawm high-tech dab uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Italis thiab lus Spanish khoom.

Semikarakorsk ceramics

Xws li ib tug lub npe uas nws tau txais nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub Rostov cheeb tsam. Ob tug centuries dhau los muaj ntau potteries nyob rau hauv Semikarakorah. Tab sis lub seventies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo muaj tsuas yog ib, qhov uas tus tshiab khiv built Rhiav thiab niaj hnub no ua cim tais diav ntim chaws. Master nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm tsim lawv tus kheej artistic style, raug technology thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov khoom. Semikarakorsk painting yus muaj los ntawm uniqueness tiag tiag li scenes, muaj yeeb yuj multicolored kev sib raug zoo uas qhia tus cwj pwm ntawm tus sau phau ntawv thiab muab ib tug festive mus ob peb vas.

Nta Semikarakorsk ceramics

Nyob rau artistic style ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb ua hauj lwm critics. Ornaments tau tsim zoo-paub nyuab ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Scenes zoo xws li cov Gzhel pleev xim rau: ib tug ntau yam ntawm floral qauv xwm li nyob rau ib lub paj ntawm ib tug loj loj. Semikarakorsk ceramics - nws kuj yog ib tug steppe muaj thiab fauna ntawm lub Don tawm tsam lub backdrop ntawm snow-dawb iav, refined thiab exquisite ua hauj lwm thiab ntau dua. Rau hnub tim, nws ua kom tiav lub tsim ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib style qhia Semikarakorsk painting cov txheej txheem.

Ib tug txawv feature yog kev siv ntawm kev ceev zog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm painting khoom uas yog thawj cov ntaub ntawv. Master - tiag tiag creators ntawm inventiveness thiab paj huam nyob rau hauv lub xaiv ntawm décor. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm tej hub khoom siv tes ua yog tus zus tau tej cov earthenware, qhov twg lub painting nrog kub nplooj yog siv. Nws yog thov rau cov khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug txheej ntawm glaze. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov yog cov nuj nqis Cossack cov poj niam hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj costumes, thiab lwm yam souvenirs: tsheb, qab zib-tsev nrog hau, huam, thiab lwm lub tuam tsev.

Cov npe ntawm tej hub khoom

Lawv muaj nyob ntau ntau yam. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog:

• Phab ntsa panels - nrog rau lawv cov kev pab zoo tib yam chav tsev yuav cim, muaj stability thiab respectability tswv ntawm lub tsev los yog chaw ua hauj lwm. Phab ntsa panels yog cov embodiment ntawm tag nrho cov u: xav tsis thoob thiab keeb kwm dab neeg, folk motifs, paub daws teeb drawings.
• Ntxig - ib tug painting ua los ntawm tej hub ntawm ib tug me me luaj li cas. Rau lawv sau ntawv wizard siv painting los yog nyem.
• Lub tej ceramics - yog tais diav (vases, huam, thiab lwm yam). Lub zam rau no hom ntawm ceramics yuav tsis kis tau.
• Huam rau cov nroj tsuag - zoo nkauj nroj tsuag ntawm tej lub tsev yuav ua rau kom muaj ntau lub sij hawm, yog hais tias tus muaj peev xwm rau lawv yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm ceramics.

Cov kev siv ntawm tej hub tableware

Yuav ua li cas yog ceramics? Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, cov neeg tsis paub lo lus no. Tom qab lawv hu ua tais diav ntim chaws, uas yuav sov ob txhais tes ntawm tus tswv. Tais diav ntim chaws endowed nrog lam zog, thiab tag nrho ua tsaug rau tej yam ntuj tso txais av ya zoo thiab nws muaj peev xwm mus nqus hnub ci zog.

Nws tau ntev tau ib tug rau koj los khaws cov khoom neeg xaiv cov rhawv zeb ntawm av nplaum, muaj lub peev xwm los tswj qhov kub thiab txias lawm. Tub yees mis nyuj nyob rau hauv ib tug jug tsis yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm los ua cua sov thiab kub dej - txias. Yog hais tias koj npaj ib pluag mov nyob rau hauv ib lub lauj kaub, nws yuav tsum mos thiab tus hluas.

Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw

Cov khoom no yog siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm riam phom, aircraft thiab lwm yam armored tsheb. Lub thoob plaws siv ntawm cov iav thiab ceramics nyob rau hauv cov chaw ua dav hlua kev lag luam.

Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau kev phais kev pab rau prosthetic cov pob txha nyob rau hauv orthopedics thiab lwm qhov chaw. Domestic pobzeb ntawm "Jade-Ceramics" siv los ntawm designers nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm interiors thiab exteriors ntawm vaj tse.