Yuav ua li cas koj hu rau ib tug hlau ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc?

Qhov zoo yog ib feem ntawm lub ua hlau yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov alloys. Lawv kawm kom ntau BC. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug hlau? Yuav ua li cas yog lub npe hlau, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv tooj liab thiab zinc? Qhov twg yog nws siv? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no - nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug hlau?

Lub alloys yog ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm ob peb co thiab lwm yam hais. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj incidental impurities ntuj Cheebtsam. Ib qho ntawm thawj lub npe hu alloys yog bronze. Wares los ntawm nws cov neeg tsim ntau nyob rau hauv lub IV txhiab BC.

Alloys ua los txhim kho hlau zoo. Piv txwv li, rau kub hniav nyiaj hniav kub ntev, lawv muaj ntau check thiab muaj ib yam laus, lawv ntxiv ib tug me me kev faib ua feem ntawm npib tsib xee, platinum, zinc los yog nyiaj.

Nws ntau yam yuav hloov lub zog ntawm cov hlau, ua rau kom lub melting kub thiab ductility, muab lub dag lub zog thiab hardness, ua rau kom durability. Cov feem ntau alloys yog bronze, tooj dag (ib tug hlau ntawm tooj liab nrog zinc), npua hlau, steel, babbitt, yeej, duralumin.

Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv mechanical engineering, kev tsim kho, kev lag luam, aircraft, etc. Ib tug sib tov ntawm npib tsib xee, magnesium thiab cobalt ua hlau nplaum. Tin-lead hu ua siv rau qhov siv thiab ua cutlery thiab hlau mas dav siv rau qhov siv thiab ua tsev neeg xws li cov lauj kaub los yog irons.

Cov hlau ntawm tooj liab nrog zinc

Ib tug sib tov ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc hu ua dag. Zoo li bronze, nws los tshwm ua ntej peb era. Txij thaum ntawd los nws tau hloov ob peb raug kev kawm. Yav tas los, los mus ua kom dag, tooj liab twb tov nrog hluav ncaig thiab zinc ore. Nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo, lub Englishman Dzheyms Emerson tswv yim mus rau tov cov co lawv tus kheej tsis muaj kev siv ore.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub dag yog tooj liab. Cov zinc cov ntsiab lus yog hom twg los ntawm 5 mus rau 45 feem pua. Vim lub yellowish xim, li kub, nyob rau hauv ancient Rome hu ua orichalcum dag, uas lus txhais tau tias "Zlatomed".

tooj liab-zinc hlau yog tsis ib txwm yog tas rau cov hlau. Nws tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug me ntsis ntawm tin, txhuas, hlau, manganese, npib tsib xee, thiab lwm yam. Yog hais tias koj ntxiv ntau tin tshaj zinc yuav muaj ib tug txawv kiag li cov ntaub ntawv uas - tin bronze.

Cov khoom ntawm tooj dag

Nyob ntawm seb tus nqi ntawm cov zinc thiab tooj dag xim zoo mas nws txawv. Tus me nws yog, cov khoom thiab cov xim yog ntau khaus liab. Yog hais tias ib tug hlau ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc muaj tsis muaj lwm yam hais, nws yog hu ua ib tug yooj yim dag, uas yog muab faib ua ob hom: liab dag (20% zinc) thiab daj dag (20% zinc).

Toog khoom yog heev pliable thiab exhibits ntau dua xeb kuj tshaj tooj liab. Lub melting kub yog 880 ^C. rau 950 ^C., nrog loj proportions ntawm zinc yog poob. Hlau txig amenable mus welding, dov thiab txoj kev ua.

Nyob rau hauv noo huab cua, daj dag ntes. Txhim kho nws yog ua tau los ntawm txoj kev annealing ntawm 250 ^C. Multicomponent dag zoo dua resists corrosion thiab yog check. Tsis tas li ntawd ntawm lub tin txhawb kuj mus seawater.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm impurities nyob rau hauv lub hlau yuav muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom daim ntawv lo. Capital ntawv qhia lub npe ntawm tus tivthaiv. Chiv nws mus "L" cov tsiaj ntawv, ces tus so ntawm lub ntxiv (alloying) ntsiab. Tom qab lawv nyob rau hauv alphabetical thiaj raws li qhia cov feem pua ntawm tshuaj, nrog rau cov thawj ob tug lej qhia tus nqi ntawm cov tooj liab nyob rau hauv lub hlau. Yog li, labeling LAZH60-1-1 txhais tau tias dag li ntawm 60% tooj liab, 1% ntawm txhuas thiab 1% hlau, tus so tso nyiaj rau zinc.

Qhov twg dag siv?

Toog muaj ib tug zoo thaum tshav kub kub muaj peev xwm. Nws yog tsis muaj coincidence nyob rau hauv ancient Russia los ntawm nws samovar. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos, thaum Octavian Augustus dag npib tau minted thiab sestertii dupondius. Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog nws tau siv rau qhov siv thiab ua hniav nyiaj hniav kub, ntas compasses, tsim art.

Thiab tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv qhov txhia chaw. Toog ua hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab zoo lub tsev rooj tog. Ib tug tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom cua laus muab cov khoom ib tug tshwj xeeb ntxim nyiam ntawm tooj dag. Los ntawm nws cam khwb cia figurines, qhov rooj saib xyuas, daim iav ntas.

High hauj thaj chaw ntawm tooj dag tso cai rau cov kev siv ntawm cov khoom rau zus tau tej cov me me siv qhov chaw, hlab, daim hlau, ib daim hlab thiab nyob ntawm tej. Lead alloys yog siv rau cov tsheb thiab cov sij hawm, tombac siv rau plating hlau thiab raug radiator kav. Vim hais tias cov muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog ib tug txhuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.5% ua insignia, raws li nws muaj ib tug Golden hue.