Yog immutable sab ntsuj plig tseem ceeb?

Sab ntsuj plig tseem ceeb - nws yog tus cwj pwm thiab kev coj cwj pwm kev cai, cov txheej txheem thiab kev ncaj ncees taboos, hom phiaj thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, kev sib raug zoo cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab ntawm kev zoo thiab kev phem, txoj cai thiab tsis ncaj ncees lawm, kev zoo nkauj thiab ugliness, kom thiab tsis tsim nyog. Subject qhov tseem ceeb (cov ntaub ntawv uas cov khoom, natural resources), ua raws li cov khoom ntawm tib neeg xav tau kev pab, thiab sab ntsuj plig - yog ywj siab kheej, uas tas txawm lub cwj pwm ntawm cov haiv neeg rau cov khoom thiab tej yam uas. Tsis zoo li, piv txwv li, ib tug natural resource xws li dej, uas kov tus txiv neej, fraternity los yog solidarity ua rau cov neeg uas qhia tej ntsiab cai, ua nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev. Peb yuav hais tias qhov uas duav txhua yam ntawm tus zoo tagnrho cov nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov tus cwj pwm txug ntawm tib neeg ua.

Cov lus nug tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas ywj siab thiab immutable sab ntsuj plig tseem ceeb? Nyob rau hauv ib tes, kev ntseeg thov lawv yuav muab rau peb "saum toj no" - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus txib, thiab, yog li ntawd, nyob mus ib txhis thiab yeej tsis hloov. Cia li ntawm tej theem ntaus "Teev hlub" thaum noob neej twb muab tsub cov nyob mus ib txhis ntsiav tshuaj (los yog noob neej tsuas "matured" mus rau lub point hais tias lawv coj). Lwm yam lub suab tawm suab hais tias kev cai dab qhuas kev cai evolve nrog zej zog. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm "trogloditskoy morality" twb tsis yog txaj muag mus tua cov tsis muaj zog, cov poj niam thiab noj tam sim ntawd nws cov nyuj, thiab tam sim no nws yog dej num raws li kev tua neeg, rape thiab tub sab tub nyiag. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm ancient Greece, los nyias muaj nyias qhev tsis yog txaj muag, nws yog tam sim no - ib tug ua txhaum.

Relativists txhawb lawv cov lus sib cav hais tias tam sim no, nrog rau universal, coexisting sab ntsuj plig qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug strata thiab cov tib neeg. Thiab, hmoov tsis, ib co neeg muaj tag nrho cov tib "trogloditskuyu morality". Peb koom kawm no muaj nyob hauv cov kev cai ntawm variability States (nco ntsoov, tab sis yog, hais tias lub txim tuag yog hos qhov txhia chaw ua ntej, thiab tam sim no rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws nyob qhov twg capital rau txim yog cov deprivation ntawm lub neej yog tsis tshee zuj zus lawm). Peb saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog kho vim cov kev hloov ntawm scientific paradigmatov. Cov kev xav ntawm kev zoo nkauj yuam rau peb aesthetic kev kawm ntawv - nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb muaj cov neeg uas xav tias cov feem ntau txheej thaum ub zoo nkauj kitsch.

Tag nrho cov no yog muaj tseeb: lub tswvyim ntawm kev ncaj ncees, zoo, zoo, thiab lub tswv yim ntawm kev zoo nkauj muaj hloov zuj zuj. Yog li ntawd, peb hais tias muaj sab ntsuj plig qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov tswv yim qub haiv neeg ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no, cov Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab sij hawm niaj hnub. Tab sis yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj muab los ntawm cov nqe lus? Tsis seb peb txais lub manifestation thiab realization ntawm cov tswv yim thiab hom phiaj ntawm kev coj cwj pwm rau lawv tus kheej cov qhov tseem ceeb? Piv txwv li, coj cov uas tseeb - tsis ncaj ncees cai - criminal. Mus rau ib tug phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau lwm pawg neeg, txheej thaum ub cov tub rog ua tsaug ntseeg tias ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab yam raug cai: lawv twb nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ib tug tsov rog tawm tsam "outsiders", thiab tsis kho insult "lawv". Feudal av seized los ntawm "los ntawm txoj cai ntawm conquest" contender thiab so tso siab tau tias tsis yog ib tug jot ua txhaum txoj cai.

Yog li ntawd, peb yuav xaus uas ncaj ncees raws li xws li muaj ib txwm tau lub siab ntawm cov neeg thiab kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev ncaj ncees breeds resentment, npau taws, xav hais tias kev ncaj ncees yuav rov qab los. Zoo nkauj ncaj ncees qhov tseem ceeb tau hloov zuj zuj los ntawm lub qhov tsua paintings rau kawm postmodernism, tab sis lub siab xav ntawm cov neeg rau qhov zoo nkauj yeej ib txwm tau. Raws li zoo raws li ib tug aversion rau dab tuag. Creativity raws li ib tug txheej txheem tau coj thiab theem torment thiab kev xyiv fab raws li cov txheej thaum ub artist, thiab niaj hnub. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ib yam dab tsi tshiab, pushes horizons ntawm kev to taub ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, nws yeej ib txwm tau xam qhovkev rau tus txiv neej. Yog li ntawd, cov kev tshawb fawb qhov tseeb, dhau lawm, yog cov universal sab ntsuj plig qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum kawg, lub sacral cheeb tsam. Leej twg ntawm tag nrho cov sij hawm suav hais tias dawb ceev, coj los ntawm tus Ntsuj Plig, ib tug pov thawj, ib tug txawj ua yees siv, ib tug soothsayer? Ib tug neeg uas tsis cia li raws qhia ntawm sab ntsuj plig qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj nyob raws li lawv - raws li cov lus txib ntawm txoj cai ntawm kev ncaj ncees thiab qhov tseeb.