Xwm ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam, nws muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm qhov nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab cov Moscow thaj av ntawd yog ib tug thaj chaw.

toj roob hauv pes

Moscow cheeb tsam txawv mas tiaj nyem. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm lub towering toj, nce mus txog ntau tshaj ib puas thiab rau caum meters. Lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem npog mas cov dav hav.

Los ntawm sab qab teb-hnub poob mus rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj stretches cov kev txwv ntawm cov Moscow glaciation. Mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm nws yog yeej los ntawm glacial yaig cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tsuas ibyam. Mus rau sab qab teb kis xwb erosional nyem cov ntaub ntawv.

kev nyab xeeb

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov xwm ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam txiav txim seb tus mob loj tsawv kev nyab xeeb cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv view ntawm lub qhov seasonality nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov huab cua sov so, thiab lub caij ntuj no yog mob me me txias. Ib tug yuav saib ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv continental sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob mus rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm 120 rau 135 hnub, qhov nruab nrab kub yog hauv qab no 0 degrees Celsius. Nws kav lub sij hawm no, los ntawm nruab nrab-Kaum ib hlis mus lig Lub peb hlis ntuj. Xwm Moscow cheeb tsam nruj heev heev rau qhov phem txhua xyoo kub uas yog hom twg los ntawm 2.7 mus 3.8 degrees Celsius.

dej

Tag nrho ndlwg-los ntawm reservoirs ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam muaj ib tug ncaj qha kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub Volga phiab. Volga nws tus kheej bends nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug me me rau thaj tsam ntawm lub chaw uas zoo heev nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw qhov twg dag lub ciam teb nrog rau Tver cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub Volga dej tributaries flow, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qab teb - tributaries ntawm lub Oka, uas yog ib tug tributary ntawm tus thawj thiab tus thib ob loj tshaj plaws nyob tom qab lub Volga nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam. Lub pas dej da ntawm lub Oka kuj muaj xws li tributaries ntawm lub Moskva dej, ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm lub hnab ntawv Meshchery.

Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov dej ntws nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam - ntau tshaj peb caug. Lawv ntev yog ntau tshaj li kaum kilometers. Txhua yam ntawm lawv muaj ib tug neeg twg ndlwg ntawm zoo-tsim hav floodplains. Qhov loj tshaj yog lub snow-pub. dej nyab lub sij hawm yog lub sij hawm los ntawm lub plaub hlis rau lub Tsib Hlis. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov dej theem yog tus uas tsis muaj, nce xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub caij nyoog los nag. Los ntawm Kaum ib hlis mus rau tim, tus dej them nrog dej khov. Shipping yog tus biggest: Oka, lub Volga thiab cov Moskva River.

nroj tsuag

Vim lub fact tias cov Moscow cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov thiab steppe aav, tuab forests npog txog plaub caug feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws cheeb tsam. Lub sab qaum teb yog ib feem yog Upper Volga lowland, western - Mozhaisk, Lotoshinsky, Shakhovskoy chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tau raug ncua coniferous hav zoov, lub ib thooj ntawm uas yog spruce. Xwm ntawm lub Moscow Thaj av nyob rau hauv lub koog tsev kawm ntawv muaj tuaj Meshchora ntoo thuv hav zoov. Nyob rau hauv lub swampy lowlands yuav pom cais forests ntawm Alder. Nyob rau hauv lub central thiab sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub me me lub teb chaws loj hlob coniferous thiab deciduous ntoo. Lub hauv paus ntawm spruce, ntoo thuv, birch, Aspen.

Lub undergrowth prevails hazel, kuj hu ua hazelnut. Qhov ntau haiv ntawm qhov, Moscow cheeb tsam vim lub hav zoov ntawm cov txheej subzones. Yog hais tias qhov chaw yog yeej los ntawm coniferous ntoo, nyob sab qab teb ntawm lub deciduous hav zoov. Cov no muaj xws ntoo qhib, Aspen, thiab elm thiab maple nplooj nrog ntse. Qhov no txoj kev hloov tsam li lub Moskva-Oka toj, nplua nuj nrog loj tracts ntawm spruce. Ib tug piv txwv yog lub sab sauv Lopasnya dej. Oka hav npog ib tug ntoo thuv hav zoov, los ntawm nws cov xwm heev yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub steppes.

Nyob rau hauv yav qab teb tuaj txog pem ntwg, uas muaj xws li nyiaj-Prudsky cheeb tsam yeej los ntawm cov hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam. Vim lub fact tias txhua txhua daim av plowed, tej yam ntuj tso complex tsis dim txawm tawg tsam. Tsuas yog qee ua tau raws li txiv qaub los yog ntoo qhib koog.

Vim lub fact tias txij li thaum lub xyoo pua, cov forests twb raug intensive logging, qhov xwm ntawm tus Moscow cheeb tsam tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub ratio ntawm tsob ntoo hom. Softwood (nyob rau hauv particular - Spruce) ntoo submenu me me leafed uas yog birch thiab Aspen. Rau hnub tim, txhua cav ntoo muaj ib tug dej txuag nqi, li ntawd, txiav yuav luag tsis-existent. Ua tib zoo nqa tawm reconstruction kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thaum muaj xwm ceev hom - nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub phov ntawm Moscow.

Nyob rau hauv Shatura thiab Lukhovitsky ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub hav iav. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem. Ntuj meadows tau yuav luag yeej tsis tshwm sim. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov haiv neeg tsob nroj txo sharply, txawm li cas los, yog nce proliferate ntsuab neeg ntawm lwm hom, xws li American Maple, nyuj parsnip Sosnowski, Aquilegia vulgaris. Cov Xwm Conservancy ntawm lub Moscow thaj av ntawd yog tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias muaj ntau yam nroj tsuag uas tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Cov no muaj xws dej chestnut, poj niam txoj kev txhais khau khiab, thiab lwm tus neeg.

tsiaj ntiaj teb no

Class of plaub nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam sawv cev badgers, otters, cov nqaijrog, ntshuab, muskrat, ermine, mab dev, hedgehogs, luav (Belyakov, xim av), shrews, weasels, hma, mos lwj, cov tsiaj qus npua teb, moles, nas (dub, gray) , marten, nas (hav zoov, yellow-, teb, brownies, nas tus me nyuam), birch nas, mink, mos lwj (noble, dawb vog, mos lwj), muskrat, voles (liab, grey, Pashennoye, dej, cov neeg tu vajtse), dub ferrets . Qhov ntau haiv xwm ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam yog tsis yog tas rau cov uas muaj npe hom. Thaum lub thaj tsam kom tau raws li ib tug dais, lynx, hma. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem nyob hauv Npanpiloo los ntawm ntsias hamsters, pom av squirrels, hamsters, pob zeb marten, ferrets.

Cov chaw yuav khav ntawm muaj zog coob ntawm cov tsiaj atypical rau cheeb tsam no. Cov no muaj xws ya squirrels, ya squirrels, American, Siberian lwj uas mos lwj. Tej zaum, cov plaub hom tau mas los ntawm lwm cov cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv Moscow muaj ntau tshaj ib tug teb hom puav Myotis (dog dig, baleen, pas dej, dej), puav (hav zoov, dwarfs), noctule (liab, me me, giant), ob-xim tawv nqaij, xim av plecotus.

winged fauna

Birdwatching complex muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas thiab xya caum hom noog. Muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm txiv quav miv, blackbirds, grouse, bullfinches, Nightingale, Korostelev peewits, dawb stork, gray heron, gulls, toadstools, os, ruddy. Muaj ib tug ntau ntawm sparrows, magpies, crows thiab lwm yam cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov noog nyob rau hauv central Russia. Ntau tshaj plaub caug ntau ntau yam xa mus rau kev yos hav zoov.

Dej cov neeg nyob

Xwm Moscow Thaj av nplua nuj nyob rau hauv pas dej nyob rau hauv uas phem ntau ntau yam ntses (ruffs, carp, breams, groupers, kab laum, Rota, pike-nqaj ntoo, pike).

Class kab muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm ntau ntau yam. Piv txwv li, muv tsuas yog ib comprise ntau tshaj peb puas subspecies. Lawv nyob ntawm no thiab "inhabitants" ntawm lub International Liab Phau Ntawv.

amphibia

Rau cov tsiaj ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles nplua nuj xwm ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam. Duab ntawm ib co ntawm lawv peb yuav nrhiav tau txawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv phau ntawv. Lizards (xws li nkig, anguis, viviparous, nimble), nab (adder, ntau garter nab, copperhead). Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj pov thawj hais tias muaj me me coob txog los vaub nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Class amphibians yog newts (dog dig, pectinate), toads (grey thiab ntsuab), Qav (herbal, moor, pas dej, pas dej, siav), cov spadefoot, European hluav taws-bellied qav kaws.

kev tiv thaiv

Lub teb chaws project "Diversity Moscow cheeb tsam qhov" no yog los ua kom lub teb chaws cuab yeej cuab tam khoom uas muaj kev tshwj xeeb tej kev cai thiab kev scientific tseem ceeb.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los khaws cia thiab tiv thaiv lawv cov uniqueness nyob rau hauv ib tug nyuaj anthropogenic tej yam nyob rau hauv bio-ceg. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, teem tiv thaiv tej qhov chaw. Cov muaj xws li cov Oka terraced Biosphere cia (uas yog nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nyuj qus), National Park "Mos Island", raws li zoo raws li ib tug reserved mus yos hav zoov "Zavidovo" thiab kev ua si reserves ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws tseem ceeb.

Peb tes num "Diversity xwm ntawm Moscow cheeb tsam" tshaj xo ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv tej yam ntuj tso chaw teej tug mus rau lub teb chaws cuab yeej cuab tam. Tej ceg yog cais feem ntawm ob terrestrial thiab dej nto, thiab lub chaw saum toj no rau lawv. Lawv raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub industrial thiab economic siv ntawm pej xeem txoj cai, thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tshwj xeeb lub cev yog cov yuav raug tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv tsoom fwv.

xwm monuments

Qhia tshwj xeeb uas muaj kev tiv thaiv tej qhov chaw yog irreplaceable bio-ceg. Ntuj monuments ntawm lub Moscow Thaj av muaj ntau tshaj yim caum tej yaam num. Cov tsev neeg tej khoom, mounds, me me zos ntawm cov noog, ib co qhov chaw ntawm lub steppe zos, thaj av nram hav cais gullies, zos ntawm beavers, qhov chaw uas cov noog zes, me me pas dej, settlements, me me hav zoov chaw, dej oxbow nyhuv tsoom fwv tswj khaws cia lawv lub xeev ntuj . lawv muaj tag nrho cov tshem tawm ntawm lub teb chaws, thiab tswj los ntawm lub teb chaws no txoj cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Txhua daim xwm muaj nws tus kheej passport, uas muaj cov lus qhia txog lub npe, qhov chaw nyob, theem ntawm subordination, ib thaj tsam, kev tiv thaiv tsoom fwv, lub permissible siv, thiab sib cuag lus ntawm tus tswv ntawm thaj av uas muaj tej yam ntuj tso systems, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj npaum li cas raws li qhov lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tswj biocomplex.