Xav koob tshuaj BCG (qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv): txim, teeb meem, contraindications

Mob Ntsws - txaus ntshai kis tus kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thiab Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Kab Mob muaj sai heev, muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov teebmeem thiab mob, tawm hauv ib lub cim ntawm lub cev rau lub neej. Tu siab, ib yam li ntau lwm tus neeg, tus kab mob yog yooj yim los mus tiv thaiv tshaj kom tsis txhob tau tus kab mob cia li sawv. Rau hnub tim, lub tsuas txoj kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob TB yog xav koob tshuaj BCG-txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txim, muaj teeb meem thiab contraindications - tsab xov xwm.

Deciphering lub koob tshuaj BCG lawm tshuaj tiv thaiv

Li cas rau cov tsiaj ntawv xav koob tshuaj BCG? Deciphering Latin lub npe yog txhais li xav koob tshuaj BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Txhais ua Lavxias teb sab, nws txhais tau tias "Bacillus Calmette-Guerin." Yog li, nws tsis yog ib tug yuav txo tau tsiaj xav koob tshuaj BCG. Deciphering no - ib tug ncaj qha kev nyeem ntawv ntawm lub Latin abbreviations, sau nyob rau hauv Cyrillic.

Xav koob tshuaj BCG tshuaj tiv thaiv: yog dab tsi?

Xav koob tshuaj BCG - yog ib ncua kev kawm ntawm attenuated mycobacterium bovine hom nrog lub tsis virulence rau tib neeg. Nws muaj ob hom:

1. Xav koob tshuaj BCG - cov ntsiab lus ntawm Mycobacterium tuberculosis nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog heev me me mus ua kab mob. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tus nqi txaus kom cov lub cev muaj peev xwm los tsim kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov txaus ntshai tus kab mob. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws, hais txog ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus, nyob tus yeees ntawm cov tib tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog yog li ntawd tsis tau yus npaj "haiv neeg" rau txawv teb chaws cov khoom nyob rau hauv koj tus kheej txoj kev ntseeg hais tias nws yog zoo dua domestic.
2. Xav koob tshuaj BCG-M - vim txo theem ntawm microbial lub cev (ob lub sij hawm tsawg tshaj li nyob rau hauv cov pa xav koob tshuaj BCG tshuaj tiv thaiv), nws txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws ntxov ntxov, tsis muaj zog txaus cov me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog tias ib tug me nyuam yog vim li cas, "overlooked" nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob, thiab tsis tau nkag mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, uas yog xav koob tshuaj BCG-M yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob.

Yog li ntawd seb koj puas yuav tsum tau cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv?

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muab 100% guarantee hais tias tom qab raug tus kab mob tus kab mob ntsws yog tsis yuav tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd ces dab tsi yog nws, koj nug. Qhov tseeb hais tias xav koob tshuaj BCG generates TB kev tiv thaiv, muaj peev xwm muab haib tiv thaiv tawm tsam thawj tus kab mob, raws li tau zoo raws li tau rov qab-up tiv tauj nrog nqa ntawm tus kab mob TB kab mob. Yog hais tias lub cev yog tseem weaker tshaj tus kab mob no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tiv thaiv tau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnyav, geniralizovannyh ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob ntsws (miliary thiab disseminated daim ntawv no). Yog li, tsis muaj ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kab mob, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ob peb pab txhawb tus kab mob no yog tias tus kab mob.

Leej twg pom zoo xav koob tshuaj BCG txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv?

Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog pom zoo pawg neeg:

1. Cov me nyuam mos. Tag nrho cov me nyuam xav koob tshuaj BCG yuav tsum twb yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txhua xyoo. Tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj ib tug siab loj heev ntawm tuberculosis.
2. Cov neeg uas yog tas li nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog mob TB (feem ntau yog cov neeg saib mob tubdispantserov etc.).

Thaum zoo li cas muaj hnub nyoog xav koob tshuaj BCG txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv?

Xav koob tshuaj BCG thaum lawv ua li cas? Primary txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txiav txim siab los coj ib lub noj qab nyob zoo me nyuam mos tus me nyuam rau 3-7 hnub ntawm lub neej. Pre tus kws kho mob yuav tsum xyuas tus me nyuam, los tuav ib tug pas ntsuas kub (tsa lub cev kub txoj kev yog txhob), coj mus rau hauv tus account tus kheej keeb kwm thiab tag nrho cov tau contraindications. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov me nyuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog xav koob tshuaj BCG no yog ua los tsuas yog tom qab kev sib tham nrog ib tug kws kho mob uas muaj kev hauv lub tiav lawm tau ntawm kev kuaj ntshav thiab zis kev ntsuam xyuas.

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau muab intradermally, sab nto ntawm sab laug lub xub pwg, lub koob tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.05 mg. Txheej txheem ntawm lub txheej txheem yuav lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo kev taw qhia - nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua kom paub tseeb tias cov koob dauv ntawm cov yam kaum sab xis. Yog hais tias ua kom raug, txhaj tshuaj ntawm qhov chaw yog tsim papule nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 7-9 hli, dawb xim, feem ntau yog ploj tom qab 15-20 feeb tom qab cov txheej txheem.

Cov me nyuam uas, rau ib tug yog vim li cas los yog lwm tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob niaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov earliest lub sij hawm. Yog hais tias, txawm li cas los, txij li thaum yug tus me nyuam ntawm ntau tshaj ob lub hlis ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv obligatory nyob rau hauv lub Mantoux xeem. Nrog ib tug zoo tshwm sim ntawm koob tshuaj BCG lawm txwv tsis pub coj.

Cov ntaub ntawv kho mob ntawm tus me nyuam mos tus kws kho mob yog yuam ua hauj lwm kom ua tau ib daim ntawv ntawm cov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, cim tias seb thaum lub hnub ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj xov tooj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov zaj dab neeg yog tswvcuab thiab cov txee lub neej ntawm lub nkag mus hauv tshuaj, raws li zoo raws li lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus.

Tseem Ceeb! Qhov chaw tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txwv tsis pub mus lis tej dlaws. Bandaging yog tseem tsis tau tso cai.

Yog vim li cas maj?

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob yog feem ntau nug yog vim li cas kom ntxov thiaj li xav koob tshuaj BCG. Thaum raug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov niam txiv xav yog vim li cas tus me nyuam mos tus me nyuam tseem tsis tau muaj zog rau lub thib peb hnub yog raug xws li ib tug xeem. Lub fact tias cov teeb meem no nrog tuberculosis yog hais tias tsis yog tag nrho cov neeg paub txog qhov teeb meem, tseem yuav ua rau lub neej zoo. Raws li muaj ntawm yus mob, lawv yog cov dawb mus rau pej xeem qhov chaw, ua zoo kev hem thawj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau ib tug me nyuam. Cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub rooj sib tham cov me nyuam yaus nrog tus kab mob loj heev. Qhov no yog vim li cas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm raws li ntau li ntau tau thaum ntxov rau thaum lub sij hawm ntawm paug tus me nyuam twb pib tsim kev tiv thaiv rau Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

xav koob tshuaj BCG revaccination

Revaccination yuav tsum cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 7 thiab 14 xyoo, tab sis yog hais tias qhov tsis zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov Mantoux xeem. Lub caij nyoog nruab nrab Mantoux thiab koob yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj ob lub lim piam.

Tu siab, epidemiologically disadvantaged cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws cov me nyuam yog raug tus kab mob Mycobacterium ntev ua ntej cov thawj koob, li ntawd, dua lawv tsis raug xav koob tshuaj BCG.

Yuav ua li cas dab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev tom qab koob tshuaj BCG lawm?

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov koob tam sim ntawd pib mus txog macrophages (monocytes los yog - ib yam ntawm cov leukocytes), ntxeem tau dej Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lub causative tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm tus kab mob tuag ua ke nrog macrophages, ua nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm necrotic caseosa. Mus nraum zoov, lawv ua cirrhosis ntawm qhov chaw ntawm koom haum saib xyuas ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau xav koob tshuaj BCG

Lo lus teb yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug papule ntawm lub qhov koob, uas feem ntau yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos 4-6 lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kuj yog los tsim caws pliav, nyob rau hauv uas loj mus txiav txim rau lub acquisitions nyob rau hauv cov kab mob TB tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, hais tias tom qab xav koob tshuaj BCG caws pliav twb tsim 2-4 hli, ces peb hais tias lub cev ntawm lub graft yuav tiv thaiv tus kab mob no tsis pub dhau 3-5 xyoos. Yog hais tias qhov luaj li cas ntawm 5-7 mm - lub cev yog kev tiv thaiv rau 5-7 xyoo thiab nyob 8-10 hom mm - rau 10 xyoo.

Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog zoo taus, tab sis tej zaum kuj yog cov tsos kev tshua:

• Xav koob tshuaj BCG blushed. Yog hais tias tus liab tsis cuag rau cov uas lwm tus cov ntaub so ntswg yog cai xwb thaum lub sij hawm uas muab los txuas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws yog lub cai. Nyob rau hauv tsawg tus neeg mob, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau tawv nqaij liab thiab o tej zaum yuav tsim keloid caws pliav. Ua kev txhawj xeeb nyob rau hauv no yuav ua tsis tau: yog li ntawd daim tawv nqaij reacts mus rau yeeb tshuaj.
• Xav koob tshuaj BCG festers. Suppuration thiab ua paug - ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lub Cheebtsam, uas yuav tsum tau muaj sai sai. Nrhiav kev kho mob yuav tsum tau, yog hais tias nyob ntxiv mus festering ib ncig ntawm lub site ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob lossis puas liab liab thiab o: tejzaum qhov txhab kab mob tshwm sim, uas tas yuav tsum tau kho.
• Xav koob tshuaj BCG kub lug. Txhawj thiab mus rau tus kws kho mob cov nqi xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab ntawm edema thiab o ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub xub pwg, tshaj qhov chaw ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
• Xav koob tshuaj BCG itches. Khaus ntawm lub qhov koob - qub, tab sis cov kws kho mob qhia kom muab tso rau gauze rau lub qhov txhab mus tswj yus tus kheej rau tus me nyuam los ntawm khawb.
• Kub tom qab koob tshuaj BCG lawm. Kub taub hau nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam mos mus rau 38 degrees yog lub cai, tab sis yog tias koj muaj ib tug xya-xyoo tus me nyuam tom qab revaccination cai kub sawv, yuav tsum tam sim ntawd mus nrhiav kev pab kho mob.

Li cas rau cov tsis muaj lo lus teb?

Yog hais tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub qhov koob twb tsis tsim caws pliav, nws yog ib qho hais txog hais tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsis zoo, vim hais tias kev tiv thaiv rau kab mob txaus ntshai yog tsis tsim. Ua kev txhawj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav: tej lub sij hawm tom qab tau txais ib tug tsis zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov Mantoux xeem yuav tsum tau ua revaccination tsis tos 7 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog.

Tsis muaj lus teb rau cov thawj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsis tshua muaj tshwm, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 5-10% ntawm cov me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, hais txog 2% ntawm cov pejxeem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw muaj ib tug tseem ceeb kev tiv thaiv rau kab mob ntsws. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov neeg muaj mob nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej, lawv ua tau tsis nyob rau hauv tus.

Contraindications rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Contraindications xav koob tshuaj BCG tsis yog raws li uas nws kim heev, cov muaj xws li:

1. mos liab uas tsawg tshaj li 2500 g (ntawm 2-4 degree ntawm prematurity).
2. Mob kab mob lub sij hawm los yog exacerbation ntawm tus kab mob. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav kev kho, thaum soj ntsuam kom paub txog tus kab mob no yuav tsum yog qhov kawg.
3. Congenital immunodeficiency.
4. Qhov kuaj pom ntawm ib tug me nyuam mos nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg ntawm generalized xav koob tshuaj BCG kab mob.
5. HIV kis mob leej niam.
6. Leukemia.
7. Nqaij hlav.
8. Suppressive txoj kev kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Contraindications rau revaccination

Contraindications rau revaccination yog:

1. Exacerbation ntawm tus kab mob kab mob los yog tej mob mob thaum lub sij hawm ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog xav koob tshuaj BCG. Lub cev kub (nce) yog ib tug loj sib cav rau hloov lwm lub tsev grafting. Feem ntau revaccination yog nqa tawm ib lub hlis tom qab rov qab.
2. Malignancies.
3. Immunodeficiency mob.
4. Mob Ntsws (xws li rov qab theem).
5. Qhov zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov Mantoux xeem.
6. Teeb meem tom qab thawj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov neeg uas yog ib ntus zam los ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv vim hais tias ntawm contraindications, yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm kev kho mob cov neeg ua, thiab noj mus rau hauv tus account mus rau ib tug tag nrho rov qab thiab kuj. Cov neeg raug revaccination, kuj saib xyuas thiab yuav tsum tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm graft cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab 1, 3, 6, 12 lub hlis tom qab lub txheej txheem.

Qhov no muaj xws li xyuas rau graft cov tshuaj tiv thaiv?

Qhov no daim tshev yog nqa tawm tom qab 1-3 lub hlis, rau lub hlis thiab ib xyoos tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab revaccination, nws muaj xws li:

• Sau npe loj ntawm lub zos cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
• Sau npe xwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (soj ntsuam seb puas muaj ib lub tsim ntawm papules, pustules los yog crusted taw tiab). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, pigmentation soj ntsuam qhov chaw ntawm kuj.

Xav koob tshuaj BCG: mob yog ua tau?

Seb qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ruaj ntseg? Yog muaj ib tug mob xav koob tshuaj BCG-txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv? Lub txim yuav manifest nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm:

• Osteitis - tuberculosis ntawm cov pob txha. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no feem ntau yog tshwm sim tom qab 0.5-2 xyoo tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws ua rau mob loj heev ntawm lub cev.
• Generalized xav koob tshuaj BCG kab mob - yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug me nyuam lub innate cev ntshawv siab.
• O qog - yuav tsum tau tam sim ntawd phais pab yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv cov qog ntawm loj (tshaj 1 cm nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla).
• Khaub thuas rwj - yuav tsum tau phais. Qhov no tshwm sim yog ib lub txim ntawm subcutaneous (es tsis txhob intradermal) thawj coj ntawm koob tshuaj BCG lawm tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub txim ntawm kev uas yog raws li nram no, twb muaj nyob rau tsis paub ntawv.
• Keloid caws pliav - yog ib tug liab, o daim tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kuj. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm caws pliav revaccination thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm xya yog tsis nqa tawm.
• Uas nws kim heev lub rwj qhia tau hais tias ib tug siab rhiab heev rau tus me nyuam Cheebtsam ntawm cov kev npaj. Feem ntau muab lub zos kev kho mob.

Compatibility nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Xav koob tshuaj BCG tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog hais, lub simultaneous siv lwm yam tshuaj uas inadmissible. Dhau li ntawd, nws tsis yog tso cai rau koj nqa tawm ntxiv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm qhov chaw xav koob tshuaj BCG, tab sis kuj rau 4-6 lub lis piam, thaum lub sij hawm tshwm sim los ntawm kev tig cev mus rau yeeb tshuaj. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj ntawm koob tshuaj BCG lawm mus rau lwm yam txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum xeem dhau tsawg kawg yog 35-45 hnub.

Ua ntej yuav xav koob tshuaj BCG txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav tus me nyuam tiv thaiv kab mob siab B. Cov tsuas mob yog ib qho immunological sij hawm so, piv txwv li kom txog thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 3 lub hlis tus me nyuam txhob tej txhaj tshuaj.

Babycare tom qab xav koob tshuaj BCG

Feem ntau, tej teebmeem tom qab lub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tshwm sim, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau ib yam dab tsi ua li cas rau "reinsurance":

• Ua ntej, ib tug me nyuam noj cov zaub mov yuav tsum nyob twj ywm li qub. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tus me nyuam tej zaum yuav ua tau ib tug kua quav, kub taub hau, thiab ntuav. Tag nrho cov teebmeem yog dab tsi, lawv tsis sawv cev rau cov kev phom sij rau lub neej thiab noj qab haus huv.
• Antipyretics (nrog rau cov proviso hais tias tsis muaj mob tus me nyuam) yuav tsum tau muab nyob rau yav hmo ntuj ntawm ib kub saum toj no 38,5 degrees. Thaum febrile convulsions los kho ua npaws tej zaum yuav muaj 37.5 degrees.
• Kev siv cov antihistamines yog heev undesirable. Lub qhov koob liab thiab o yuav tsum mus tam sim ntawd: lub cev noj qab tau ko rau lawv tus kheej.
• Da dej yog tsis txwv tsis pub.

Nrog ib tug kws kho mob nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws yog tsis yooj yim sua coj lub kub antipyretics (paracetamol), yog hais tias tus me nyuam yog nyob tsis tswm thiab tau ntev tsis kam mus noj mov. Nyob rau hauv convulsions, tsis nco qab thiab ib tug festering mob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kuj tam sim ntawd hu rau ib tug tsheb thauj neeg mob.

Tsis kam ntawm koob tshuaj BCG lawm

Niaj hnub no, ntau thiab ntau ntau cov me nyuam niam thiab txiv tau qhia dissatisfaction txog ib co los yog lwm yam niaj hnub ua txhaj tshuaj, xav tias lawv muaj teeb meem. Lub zam yog txoj kev xyaum ntawm uas tsis yog-tshuaj tiv thaiv. Xav koob tshuaj BCG-txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub txim ntawm qhov tsis kam rau cov uas nyuaj siab heev, yog tsis muaj exception.

Los ntawm anti-tuberculosis tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum dispensed nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li lwm yam. Cov cai ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Federation qhia hais tias txoj cai, li no hloov lub luag hauj lwm rau cov me nyuam lawv niam lawv txiv.

Yuav ua li cas kuv xav kom nco ntsoov nyob rau hauv no li cas? Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem sau yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kiag li txhua yam. Txhua tus neeg muaj peev xwm rau nws tus kheej-kev tshawb tej teeb meem hais txog lub neej thiab noj qab haus huv ntawm nws thiab nws tsev neeg, yuav ua rau kev txiav txim siab thiab coj lub luag hauj lwm rau lawv cov kev ntseeg.

Yog hais tias koj xaiv tsis yuav txhaj tshuaj lawv tus kheej tus me nyuam - tsis muaj ib tug yuav hais dab tsi tawm tsam nws. Tsuas yog yuav tsum tau sau nws tus kheej tsis kam muab cov daim ntawv qhia, nco ntsoov li no hais tias yuav tsis muaj tej neeg pab leg ntaubntawv mus rau lub neeg ua hauj lwm tom qab.