Udokan tso nyiaj: kev piav qhia

Udokan teb nyob rau hauv Russia yog suav hais tias yog ib qhov loj tshaj plaws. Raws li kws tshaj lij, ntau tshaj $ 1 billion yuav tsum tau siv rau nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Udokan tso nyiaj: kev piav qhia

Qhov chaw ua luam dej mus rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm Chita, 650 km ntawm lub nroog. , считается сейсмически опасной с зоной многолетней мерзлоты. Qhov chaw uas tus Udokan yog suav tias yog ib tug seismically tej cheeb tsam nrog permafrost. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kub txhua xyoo yog -4 degrees, thiab thaum lub caij ntuj no nws dauv mus-50. Permafrost penetrates mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 800 m. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm feem ntau pom avalanches. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm av qeeg txhua nrog ib qhov siab ntawm 9-10 hom ntsiab lus yog siab. Cov pob zeb yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv lub zog, kev tsim kev kub ntxhov, thermal conductivity, thiab silico-hazards. Feem ntau, tsis muaj peev xwm hu ua dej siab rau thaj chaw ntawm cov huab cua thiab kev nyuab siab. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yuav luag tsis muaj vaj tse nyob ntawm no.

Dab tsi yog mined hauv lub Udokan tso nyiaj?

Lub pas dej ua ke yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb thiab nrhiav tom qab raw khoom hauv kev lag luam. Tag nrho qhov ntim ntawm qhov seem cia yog 20 lab tons ntawm tooj liab nrog qhov nruab nrab ore qib txog 1.46% thiab 11,9 txhiab tons ntawm cov nyiaj. Cov ntxhia ntawm cov hmoov zeb yog cov kws kho mob tsis tu ncua. является источником халькозина, халькопирита, борнита, магнетита, пирита, гематита. Udokan tooj liab yog ib qhov chaw ntawm chalcocite, chalcopyrite, bornite, magnetite, pyrite, hematite. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov-impurities, molybdenite, valerite, pyrrhotite, vittichenite, marcasite, polydimite, sphalerite, nyiaj ntsuab, cobaltite, tennantite, stromeyerite, molybdenite muaj nyob ntawm no. Hauv thawj ncauj, kwv yees li 65% ntawm tooj yog nyob chalcocite, 20-25% ntawm cov yug kabmob, 10-15% nyob rau hauv chalcopyrite. Cov zaub mov theem nrab muaj xws li:

1. Ntau - azurite, malachite, gypsum, chalcosine, covellite, hlau hydroxides (limonite, goethite).
2. Tsawg tshaj plaws yog cov yug kab mob, cuprite, tenorite, hom tooj liab, chalcantite, delafossite, chrysocolla, antlerite, brochantite, melanterite, jarosite thiab lwm yam pob zeb ntawm thaj tsam ntawm cov nag.

Peb lub koom haum ua dej num loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov hav zoov: bornite-chalcocite, chalcopyrite-bornite thiab pyrite-chalcopyrite. Nyob rau hauv lub paragenetic kev twb kev txuas ntawm hlau thiab tooj liab cov zaub mov, ib tug meej meej yog qhia. Chalcosine thiab bornite yog txuam nrog cov dej cauj, thiab chalcopyrite yog txuam nrog pyrite. Feem ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj xws li yug los-chalcocite. Cov pob zeb no sawv cev los ntawm lub teeb grey, zoo-grained, feem ntau quartzitic, me ntsis limestone sandstones. Tsawg ntau yog maub grey siltstones, nrog rau kev nplua impregnation ntawm bornite thiab chalcocite. Feem ntau tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj cov pob zeb zoo heev uas muaj cov pob zeb hnav zoo nkauj, cov lensicular, cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab cov zes me me ntawm cov pob zeb nruab nrab uas muaj cov pob zeb, nws cov thickness yog mus txog 1.5 m, uas pom muaj, nrog rau chalcocite thiab yug, li 50% magnetite.

Pib Tau

) было открыто в 1949 г., геологоразведочные мероприятия, однако, дважды начинались и сворачивались. Udokan (Trans-Baikal Territory) twb qhib nyob rau hauv 1949, kev tshawb kawm thiab appraisal kev ua ub no, Txawm li cas los, pib thiab ob zaug daim ntau quav tso. Xyoo 1981 tau pom zoo los ntawm lub Xeev Tsoom Fwv. Tsuas yog hauv 1992 lub xeev tau txiav txim siab los muag ib daim ntawv tso cai rau kev kawm thiab tsim lub phiab. Lub contest yeej los ntawm tus me-paub "Udokan tuam txhab" nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm. Nws muaj los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws. Rau 7 xyoo lub tuam txhab tau tsis vam thiab nws thiaj li poob nws daim ntawv tso cai. Nyob rau hauv 1999, lwm qhov kev sib tw tau tuav, uas tsuas yog cov neeg lag luam hauv cov koom txoos xwb. Daim ntawv tso cai rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua ub no tom qab kev sib tw tau raug xa mus rau Trans-Baikal Mining Company. Nyob rau xyoo 2001, kev tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub phiab. Tib lub sijhawm, mob siab heev tau tsim rau cov neeg koom. Tus tau txais yuav tsum tsis pub dhau peb lub xyoos txij li hnub tau txais daim ntawv tso cai los pib ua kev tsim kho ntawm ib tsob nroj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tsis pub dhau 6,5 xyoo - pib ntau lawm. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm xya xyoo, GOK yog kom ncav nws qhov tsim muaj peev xwm. Raws li kev xav tau ntxiv yog kev ris tsho los mus sib tw rau kev sib raug zoo. Sphere, tsim cov hauj lwm tshiab thiab xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tuam txhab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li cov kws tshaj lij sau tseg, xws li cov txheej txheem loj yuav tau them rov qab rau hauv 10 xyoo.

Kev sib tw ntawm kev sib tw

Tsov rog rau lub Udokan tso nyiaj tau ob peb xyoo. Ntawm cov contenders muaj ntau yam loj corporations. Ntawm lawv: MMC Norilsk Nickel, Basic Element Holding, Onexim Group. Tom qab, lawv tsis kam koom nrog. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Cuaj hlis 2009, muab ua JSC Lavxias teb sab railways thiab Mikhailovsky GOK. Lub tom kawg yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Metalloinvest group thiab yeej qhov kev sib tw. Rau daim ntawv tso cai, tus tau txais nyiaj tau 15 billion rubles. Raws li tus neeg teb xov tooj rau thaj tsam Udokan, ib qhov chaw hauj lwm ntawm Mikhailovsky GOK tau teev tseg. Cov tuam txhab no tau tsim tshwj xeeb tsim rau kev siv ntawm qhov kev tsim tsa. Lub tuam txhab txoj haujlwm yog tsim cov tswvyim tsim kev lagluam, muab cov ntaub ntawv txog kev tsim thiab xaib, tsim cov kev nqis peev lag luam, kev tswj kev ua haujlwm. Nws tau lam xav tias lub xeev cov koom haum "Rostekhnologii" yuav ua haujlwm nrog nws. Txij li thaum nws tau kos npe ib daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev koom tes thiab kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug sib koom venture.

Thoob ntiaj teb

обратили внимание многие зарубежные предприятия. Nyob rau Udokan pom ntau txawv teb chaws qhauj. Yog li, kev siv nyiaj txiag ntawm lub phiab raug pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Bateman Engineering NV. Lub tuam txhab no tau ua ib qho kev sib piv ntawm cov technologies thiab qhov laj thawj rau cov tswv yim tsim rau kev tsim ntawm ib qhov project ntawm ib lub koom haum mining thiab metallurgical. Muaj cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov pas dej hav zoov tau pib lawm. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua ub no raug siv los tsim ib qho kev qhia ntxiv rau qhov muab tso ua ke ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav feasibility. Lub caij no, qhov kev hloov ntau dua ntawm lub tswv yim twb tau tshaj tawm. – автоклавное выщелачивание концентрата. Tshwj xeeb ntawm Bateman Engineering NV muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb technology rau kev ntawm cov ores Udokan - siab leaching ntawm cov concentrate. Hom no tsis tau siv yav tas los hauv kev siv hlau hlau. Siv hom no, tsim kom muaj cov cua sov ua kom tshem tawm thiab cov kev cuam tshuam kev nqus dej yog txo tau.

Pom zoo

Yuav luag ib txhij nrog pib ntawm Bateman Engineering NV, cov kev ua pib pib pom zoo raws li JORC ntiaj teb cov qauv. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom cov peev xim ntawm lub pas dej. Udokan deposit yog tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev qhib. Nws kwv yees tias 36 lab tons ntawm ore yuav tsum ua txhua xyoo. Kev sib txuas, ua ke, yuav tsim ntau tshaj 470 txhiab tons ntawm cathode tooj liab, noj nyob rau hauv dhau ntau tshaj 270 tons ntawm silver.

Ore lub cev

Lawv tau sawv cev los ntawm cov txheej txheem lensicular thiab stratified deposits, uas yog txoj hauv lawv cov qauv. Feem ntau, lawv yog cov stratified thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ntsug eccentric. Hauv qee qhov chaw muaj ntau lub cev muaj zog, nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 2-3 km ntawm qhov muab tshuaj txhuam. Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm lawv nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Naminggin brachinsinklery. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv dav dav south-western declination. Nyob rau yav qab teb, muaj qhov txo qis ntawm lub cev lub cev.

Qauv

Internal qauv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib nrauj thiab kev hloov ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm kev siv ntau cov mineralization hauv kev tawm tsam thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub hwj chim. Nyob rau hauv no txuas, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug "puff khoom noj qab zib". Kev ua txhaum heev ntawm kev sib cog lus ntawm lub cev yog cim tseg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm flanks. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov ntiv taw tsis-ore. Qhov no yog qhia nyob rau hauv qhov kev hloov hauv cov ntxhuav pobtxa mineralization coefficient ntawm 1 mus rau 0.2. Qhov qhab nia nruab nrab yog 0.6-0.8. Lub thickness ntawm cov kab los yog khov thiab khov khov qis-mas khov ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm 5 m. Nws tau raug tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv khwv nyiaj txiag thiab lo ntsiab muag uas yog nplua nuj los ntawm kev yaig, qhov txawv ntawm cov dej thab dej thiab hauv zos kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv lub faib ntawm thin-woven ores mus rau hauv quartzite-xws li sandstones, pom qauv tsis qhia. Qhov hloov ntawm industrialization yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sampling.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb

Raws li nws yuav ua cathode tooj liab (qib A ntawm qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov Hlau Metals Txauv) thiab cov hmoov ntawm Dore nyiaj. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb yog suav teb thiab tuamtsev domestic. Lavxias teb sab copper refineries twb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv raw. Kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev xav tau kuj ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov lag luam ua lag luam uas ua kom zoo zoo copper. Vim yog qhov sib txawv me me ntawm Chita, qhov tsim ntawm lub phiab yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov khoom siv raw rau lawv. Hauv xyoo tom ntej, qhov kev thov rau kev xav tau yog nce siab ntxiv. Qhov no yog vim qhov nce ntawm qhov khoom ntawm electrolysis ntau lawm hauv Nyiv, Russia thiab Tuam Tshoj.

Xaus

Cov tub ceev xwm Transbaikal yog pinning zoo siab rau txoj kev tsim txoj haujlwm ntawm Udokan tso nyiaj. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov lag luam yuav cia kom coj mus ua haujlwm 4 txhiab tus neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev lag luam yuav tsim kho kom zoo dua qub, qhov nyiaj them se rau hauv cheeb tsam pob nyiaj yuav nce, cov kev pabcuam rau kev tsim cov haiv neeg tsawg thiab cov khoom siv hauv zos yuav siv. Raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kws txawj, nws yog tsis yooj yim dua rau postpone kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb, vim qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg nyiaj ntawm lub teb chaws. Tam sim no, tus thov rau cov ntaub ntawv raw yog them los ntawm cov phiab ntawm cov Urals thiab Taimyr. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov reserves yog nyob rau ntawm kev qis qis. Udokan daim teb yuav ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam rau tsawg kawg ib nrab xyoo. Txwv tsis pub, muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev txo qis ntau lawm. Qhov no, ua rau dhau los, yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws cov cheeb tsam tooj liab.