Daryal radar (radar chaw nres tsheb)

Qhov kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev ua phem ua tsov rog ua rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov lus sib cav thiab kev ua ntawm kev ceeb toom txog kev tsim txom. Lub radar "Daryal" (radar chaw nres tsheb) rau yuav luag ob xyoos yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab.

Nyob rau lub verge

Xyoo 1960, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tsim ib qhov kev pab cuam los ua cov ntawv cuav rau kev sib tw, Minuteman-1, muaj peev xwm pib tua ob peb feeb tom qab tau txais kev qhia kom tsim nyog. Tactics ntawm kev ua tau qhov thib peb World War tau hloov; Lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb hauv kev teeb tsa qhov kev txiav txim siab tam sim no tsis tau rau kev ua tub rog kev lag luam tub rog, tab sis rau cov neeg tua tsiaj tua. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1960, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau muaj kaum xya lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv nuclear, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tag nrho atomic potential ntawm Soviet Union nrog ib tug salvo.

Rau kev ceeb toom ntxov ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam hauv USSR, nyob rau xyoo 1960, tau tsim tshwj xeeb rabnum tua ceeb toom tawm (SPRN) pib tsim.

Cov lus sib cav

Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hais tias ib txhia tub ceev xwm tsis paub meej txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm lub peev xwm, hu xov tooj rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv uas tsis cuam tshuam rau tus yeeb ncuab thiab tsis thawb nws cov cuaj luaj. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub rooj sib txoos sib haum ntawm Tub Rog Chaw Ua Haujlwm, teb rau lwm qhov tseem ceeb, tus kws qhia ntawv, Lieutenant-General, Engineer A. N. Shchukin tau hais los ntawm Pushkin qhov "Tales of the Golden Cocker" - cov uas "Watchman ncaj ncees yuav tig mus, tig thiab quaj qw. .. ". Cov lus piv txwv ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau hauv skeptics thiab, raws li Tsoom Fwv Tsab Cai Xyoo 1962, tau pib siv qhov kev tshawb fawb los tsim kev tshawb nrhiav ntxov heev ntawm cov cuaj caum. Thawj tiam ntawm "Dniester" radar thiab nws cov hloov tshiab ntawm "Dnepr", ua ntej nws raug muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam, tau poob qhov tseeb. Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm tswj tau, tsim los ntawm ib tus neeg tawm tsam, muaj zog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov me me me me.

Tag Nrho Qhov Muag

Nyob rau hauv 1966, lub Radiotechnical Institute pib ua haujlwm rau tsim ib radar radar tshiab nrog lub zog loj loj radiant - lub radar Daryal, peev xwm ntawm kev kuaj ib yam khoom ntawm lub npas npuaj ntawm ib qho ze ntawm 6,000 km. Lub ntsiab designer yog Viktor Ivantsov. Thawj kev tsim ntawm lub radar "Daryal" yuav tsum tau tsa rau ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws-txaus ntshai kev coj. Ntau dua li ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm intercontinental hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas ntawm lub tsev lag luam raug kaw ntawm lub peev ntawm Soviet Union - Moscow - thiab thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws, nrog rau trajectory ntawm lub davhlau los ntawm North Pole. Cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb tau pom tias qhov chaw nres tsheb yuav tsum nyob deb li qaum teb tau qiv tshaj plaws (raus hauv Franz Josef Land thaj tsam), tab sis qhov kev lag luam loj heev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj mob loj heev ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim kom tau lub chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv lub thooj av loj.

Daryal radar chaw nres tsheb. Komi ASSR

Rau qhov kev xaav, ib qhov chaw raug xaiv ze lub nroog Pechora, tsuas yog 200 km ntawm Arctic Circle. Vim yog lub zog loj ntawm cov khoom siv, qhov project tau tsim ua ke nrog kev tsim kho ntawm Pechora GRES hauv xyoo 1974. Ntawm lub plawv ntawm lub radar "Daryal" yog ib qho loj ntawm cov cuab yeej, muaj ntau tshaj li 4 txhiab blocks ntawm hluav taws xob cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov tsev siab ntev txog kev txais tos (100 m) thiab xa (40 m) antennas yog sib cais los ntawm ib qho chaw nrug, txhim kho mus rau lub ntsuas phom. Lub zog thiab dej ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tau zoo ib yam li qhov kev xav tau ntawm lub nroog nruab nrab, nrog cov pej xeem ntawm 100 txhiab tus neeg. Lub zog ntawm lub Daryal radar pulse (Pechora, Pechora, raws li NATO kev faib tawm) tau siab tshaj 370 MW hauv ncov.

Ib qho tshwj xeeb robotic txoj yog muab rau kev txij nkawm thiab hloov cov xov tooj cua-array phased array kav hlau txais xov (FAS) hauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub computer system ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb yog ib tug microprocessor vector-parallel computer, peev xwm ua tau ntau tshaj 5 lab haujlwm thib ob.

Thawj zaug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua

Pechora radar "Daryal" nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 1984, tau muab tso tawm ntau cov kev xeem, tau txais kev pab. Cov neeg tsim kev lag luam thiab cov neeg ua dej num engineering tau tswj kom tau raws sij hawm, txawm tias muaj ntau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev xeeb txawm thiab kev xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, thaum pouring lub hauv paus phaj, frosts dheev hit. Tiv thaiv kom txhob khov ntawm pob zeb tau pab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab miv - qhov sib tov tau rhuab los ntawm nws tus kheej electrodes, muab lawv hluav taws xob voltage.

Lwm qhov teeb meem kub ntxhov tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm commissioning. Muaj ib qho hluav taws kub ntawm lub xov tooj cua-pob tshab cover ntawm lub chaw xa khoom. Ntau tshaj 80% ntawm qhov chaw kub tuag vim yog tsis muaj cov neeg ua hauj lwm tua hluav taws rho tawm. Muaj kev koom tes txhua lub sijhawm, tsis pub dhau ob lub hlis ntawm kev cog ntoo hauv Syzran ua ib tug tshiab canvas (nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog ib xyoos los tsim nws nyob rau hauv hom), thiab lub txim ntawm qhov hluav taws kub raug tshem tawm sai li sai tau. Kev siv: pom hauv qhov xwm txheej, muaj chaw nkaum ntawm cov khoom uas tsis yog khoom siv tau tsim rau cov kab khiav dej num tom qab ntawm qhov project.

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw soj ntsuam

Thawj ntawm qhov project, lub radar "Daryal" ("Pechora") yog nyob rau kev ua haujlwm ceeb toom. Tus yees duab ntawm cov qauv muab lub tswv yim tseeb ntawm qhov uas cov hauj lwm tau ua. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, rau ntau tshaj li nodes yuav tsum tau ua raws perimeter ntawm lub teb chaws, enclosing lub chaw uas zoo heev nyob rau hauv ib qho impenetrable radar nplhaib:

• "Gabala", Azerbaijan SSR.
• "Skrunda", Latvian SSR.
• "Berehove", Mukachevo, Ukrainian SSR.
• "Balkhash", Kazakh SSR.
• "Michelevka", Irkutsk cheeb tsam.
• "Eniseysk", Krasnoyarsk cheeb tsam.

Qhov chaw hauv Pechora tswj hwm tag nrho sab qaum teb. Qhov thib ob thiab lub xeem, siv thiab commissioned project ntawm thawj theem, yog lub chaw nres tsheb hauv Azerbaijan.

Tiv thaiv cov ciam teb rau yav qab teb

Tus erection ntawm ib yam khoom nyob ze lub nroog. Kutkashen (tom qab lub collapse ntawm lub USSR - Gabala) nyob rau hauv Transcaucasian lub teb chaws pib nyob rau hauv 1982. Qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau them tshaj 200 hectares. Kwv yees li ntawm 20 txhiab tus tub rog tau tsim. Hnub tim Radar "Radar" radar nres yog pom tias Lub Ob Hlis Ntuj 1985, tab sis tsuas yog peb xyoos tom qab kev tsim kho tiav. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Gabala yog qhov tsis muaj lub computer system. Cov ntaub ntawv soj ntsuam tau muab tshaj tawm rau cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm "Shvertbot" thiab "Square" nyob hauv thaj tsam Moscow.

Cov chaw nres tsheb txhua tswj hwm txoj kev tswjfwm ntawm sab qab teb, kev npog lub tebchaws ntawm Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Qaib ntxhw, Qaum Teb Africa, Pakistan thiab Is Nrias teb, feem ntau ntawm cov dej hiav txwv, nrog rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Australia. Gabala radar chaw nres tsheb tau paub tseeb hais tias cov kev zoo thaum lub sij hawm Iran-Iraq teeb meem kom sau tag nrho cov sib ntaus sib tua pib Iraqi cuaj luaj "Scud" (139 pcs.) Thiab thaum lub sij hawm "lag luam suab puam Cua daj" (302 pib).

Tom qab kev tawg rog ntawm Soviet Union, qhov kev cog lus tau pom zoo los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws Lavxias thiab Azerbaijan tau tso cai rau chav tsev nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Caucasian Range los mus ua haujlwm kom txog thaum xyoo 2012, thaum lub chaw nres tsheb raug rho tawm ntawm Lavxias ASWS.

Tus yeeb yam hauv Skrunda

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab 80-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, 4 km ntawm lub nroog ntawm Skrunda (Latvian SSR), tom ntej no mus rau lub "Dnepr" uas twb muaj lawm radar (kwv "Skrunda-1"), qhov kev siv ntawm lwm "Daryal" hom tsim. Tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm tus kav hlau txais xov thiab qhov khoom xa khoom (1990), nws tau pom zoo tias thawj theem ntawm radar ntawm Dnieper yuav siv los ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Tab sis tom qab txais kev ywj siab los ntawm Baltic republics, qhov khoom ua tus latvia. Lub zog ntawm Lavxias teb sab tiv thaiv kev txuag cov radar tsis tuaj yeem coj tus cwj pwm zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv 1994 cov tub rog Lavxias tawm ntawm chaw nres tsheb.

Ib xyoos tom qab tus kav hlau txais xov tau txais los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm tuam txhab American. Cov kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws pom cov yeeb yam qhia rau cov neeg Latvian. Ua ntej yuav tawg, lawv tau ua ib lub pob zeb zoo nkauj nyob thoob plaws qhov siab ntawm lub tsev, thiab tom qab qhov kev tsub nqi tseem ceeb, cov qauv ntawd tau tawg ua ib yam loj heev.

Tsis paub qhov chaw nres tsheb radar Krasnoyarsk

Ntawm qhov kev paub tseeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm qub thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Yeniseisk-15 node, qhov chaw nres tsheb no muaj xws li hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, lub zog uas yuav tua tsis tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub kaw lus ntawm lub missile ballistic. Yog nws li, tam sim no tsis paub. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus yeeb ncuab qub, thiab thaum ntxov 90s, tus khub nrhiav tswv yim - Teb Chaws Asmeskas, qhov yuav luag tau tiav radar hom "Daryal" tau rhuav tshem. Qhov laj thawj raug cai yog qhov chaw nres tsheb qhov chaw nyob tsis raws li cov cai ntawm ABM Treaty.

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub nroog-txoj kev enterprise muab rau hauv ib humanitarian muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub zos yeniseysk-15. Ntau tshaj li ib txhiab tus neeg raug sab laug yam tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua neej, lus tso tseg los ntawm lub xeev mus rau txoj kev hlub tshua ntawm txoj hmoo. Tej zaum, yav tom ntej, cov xeeb ntxwv yuav nrhiav lo lus teb rau lo lus nug, uas tus Krasnoyarsk radar "Daryal" cuam tshuam. Diam duab ntawm qhov seem ntawm grandiose qauv nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub Siberian taiga yuav yog ib tug zoo accusatory daim ntawv.

Irkutsk, Kazakhstan, Ukraine

Qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Irkutsk cheeb tsam tau txais kev cog lus hauv xyoo 1992, tab sis ob xyoo tom qab ntawd qhov chaw raug tsom kwm. Txij li thaum xyoo 1999, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau siv los ntawm pej xeem cov cai los kawm txog lub siab. Xyoo dhau los, txoj kev tsim kho tau raug rhuav tshem, tso qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov cim ntxiv mus rau radar.

"Daryal" nyob ze ntawm lub nroog ntawm Nphashas nyob rau hauv East Kazakhstan xyoo 2002 tau pauv mus rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm tsoomfwv lub tebchaws. Ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, vim hluav taws kub hnyiab, lub tuam tsev tau hlawv tag nrho, thiab tom qab ntawd cov seem ntawm cov khoom thiab cov cuab yeej raug plundered. Thaum kawg, lub tsev tsoo xyoo 2010.

Khoom nyob rau hauv dhaus Cape Chersonese, Sevastopol thiab Mukachevo nyob ze (Western Ukraine) uas tsis tas, thiab nyob rau hauv lub 2000s tau rhuav.

Russia lub nuclear shield

Cov khoob nyob rau hauv lub missile tiv thaiv ntawm Russia yuav tsum tshem tawm cov ntxiv mus-SAWS raws ntawm lub Voronezh-hom radar, siab Hoobkas npaj. Cov nqi ib ntus thiab cov kev pabcuam rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov chaw no tau raug txo qis qis, piv rau "Daryaly", uas tau tso cai rau hauv lub xyoo dhau los rau kev ua haujlwm rau xya qhov chaw sib xws. Cov khoom muab tso rau hauv lub xov tooj cua tiv thaiv (ABM) system, thiab lawv cov kev ua haujlwm tsis xam tsuas yog lub lag luam ntawm lub hom phaj, tab sis tseem nrhiav tau thiab lub hom phiaj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev thaub qab, thaum tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm lub chaw noj haus, ib qhov me me radar raug tsim. Cov cuab yeej siv no yooj yim heev ua lub thawv ntim khoom yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub complex yog tag nrho autonomous thiab automated.