Uas qhov muag xim yog tus me nyuam?

Sai li sai tau raws li tus me nyuam los rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, pog thiab yawg, cov phooj ywg thiab cov acquaintances, ntxawm thiab niam ntxawm, thiab ntawm chav kawm, cov niam txiv tshiab lawv tus kheej muaj wondering txog leej twg zoo li ib tug pipsqueak. Nws nws lub qhov ntswg, qhov ncauj, lub puab tsaig. Thiab ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab lus nug yog: "Yuav ua li cas yog cov xim ntawm lub qhov muag yog tus me nyuam?" Tau ib xiav-eyed niam txiv tshwm kareglazka hluas nkauj? Los yog ib tug khub uas tsaus nti-eyed - nyuam tub hluas nrog xiav ob lub qhov muag? Wb hais!

Yuav ua li cas txiav txim cov xim ntawm lub qhov muag nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam? Lub unequivocal teb no tsis tau yuav, tom qab tag nrho cov, yam tsawg kawg 90%, thiab ces txiav txim siab rau noob caj noob ces, cov seem 10% tseem nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov xim ntawm cov tib neeg qhov muag yog txiav txim los ntawm tus nqi ntawm xim nyob rau hauv lub npe "melanin" nyob rau hauv lub iris ntawm lub qhov muag. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi ntawm melanin - txhais tau tias lub qhov muag xim xiav, lub siab tshaj plaws nqi - xim av. Lwm yam xim thiab ntxoov yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub spectrum. Tus nqi ntawm cov xim yog txhob kaw txiav txim.

Tag nrho cov me nyuam mos me nyuam muaj xws li tsaus xim av los yog xim txho-xiav ob lub qhov muag. Ces, nyob ntawm seb cov kev ceev thiab tus nqi ntawm melanin uas ua los ntawm lub cev, qhov muag hloov xim. Thaum kawg, txiav txim seb cov xim lub qhov muag yuav tus me nyuam, nws yog ua tau rau lawv mus cuag peb lub xyoos. nws yuav hloov mus rau qhov no muaj hnub nyoog, tab sis nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov me nyuam yog kom meej meej rau cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm rau lub hlis mus txog rau xyoo. Muaj kev zam rau txoj cai: muaj cov neeg uas nws lub qhov muag xim kev hloov thoob plaws hauv lub neej.

Yuam kev yog cov assertion tias yog hais tias ob qho tag nrho cov niam txiv muaj xim av-eyed, tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau muaj lub qhov muag xim. Kom lawv surprise, nws yug los, xiav-eyed tus me nyuam. Yuav ua li cas ntau cov tsev neeg tawg li vim hais tias ntawm xws li mob, thaum cov neeg tsis muaj ib tug clue txog dab tsi yog noob caj noob ces. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus suspicion ntog rau tus poj niam. Meanwhile, nws tseem zoo nkauj yooj yim. Cia peb xav txog ib tug piv txwv yooj yim ntawm cov niaj hnub tsev kawm ntawv phau rau biology.

Uas qhov muag xim yog tus me nyuam? Twv ua ntej yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. Txhua tus neeg muaj ob tug variants ntawm tib noob: niam thiab txiv. Ob tug versions ntawm cov noob yog hu ua alleles. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hom, cov lwm yam - recessive. Yog li ntawd, xim av xim qhov muag - hom. Tab sis ib tug me nyuam muaj peev xwm tau txais ib recessive allele thiab ib tug ntawm cov niam txiv.

Txhais xim av qhov muag xim tsab ntawv "K", thiab cov xim xiav, uas yog recessive, ib tug me me "g". Rau qhov muag xim nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub luag hauj lwm ua ke nrog ntawm ob alleles - ib tug los ntawm txhua tus niam txiv. Yog li, lub xim av-eyed txiv neej yog yog ib tug ua ke ntawm "CC" los yog "KG". Nyob rau hauv lub xiav-eyed tus me nyuam, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsuas yuav "xyoo".

Tus me nyuam mos yuav ua tau xiav ob lub qhov muag, yog tias ob leeg maub-eyed niam txiv tsis tiav dominance hazel xim, uas yog, ob qho tib si allele "KG". Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, yog hais tias kuv pog los yog tus me nyuam xiav ob lub qhov muag yawg, tub xeeb ntxwv, tej zaum yuav zoo tau ib tug xiav-eyed!

Niam "KG" + Txiv "KG" = KK (xim av-eyed tus me nyuam) los yog Kg (xim av-eyed tus me nyuam) los yog xyoo (xiav-eyed).

Niaj hnub no, muaj cov txawm tias ib tug zoo ntawm cov cav laij leb los mus txiav txim yog dab tsi cov xim muaj lub qhov muag ntawm ib tug me nyuam. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, peb piav qhia yog heev schematic thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov complexity ntawm lub caj dab. Tseem, qhov conception thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus me nyuam - ib tug tsis zoo, thiab peb minds tsis yeej ib txwm muaj peev xwm mus paub txog nws. Yuav ua li cas xim ob lub qhov muag yuav tus me nyuam - yog nws tseem ceeb heev? Ntau ceeb tshaj, hais tias nws yog noj qab nyob zoo thiab nyob tau ib lub siab lub neej, tsis yog nws?