Txuas: lub hom phiaj, hom kev sib txuas. Piv txwv zoo, cov disadvantages hom tebchaw

Machine, cov khoom thiab khoom vaj khoom tsev - tag nrho cov mechanisms nyob rau hauv nws tsim muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Lawv zoo kev twb kev txuas - ib tug guarantee ntawm kev ntseeg thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm kev sib txuas yog? Lawv cov yam ntxwv, zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov ib tug los ze zog saib.

kev faib

Ntau hom ntawm tebchaw yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob lub ntsiab pawg. Cov ua ntej uas yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim:

• Mobile. Paub meej yuav ua tau lub zog txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam.
• Taag. Ob leeg ntawm ib sab yog rigidly tsau mus rau txhua lwm yam.

Nyob rau hauv lem, txhua yam ntawm yav tas los kev faib yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev sib txuas:

• Ntsaws. Nws yog siv tau thaum koj xav tau cov periodic hloov ntawm qhov chaw, los ua ke thiab disassembly ntawm lub mechanism raws li ib tug tag nrho. Cov no yog cov nram qab no ntawm lub tebchaw: lub ntsia hlau (los ntawm txoj kev bolts khiav), ib tug iav keyed thiab li ntawd.
• Ib-piece. Tej tebchaw yuav raug tshem tawm xwb los ntawm txoj kev kho tshuab txiav txim, uas tus conjugate puas qhov chaw. Yuav ua li cas yog hom kev sib txuas? Ntawm lawv, - welding, gluing, riveting, flanging, crimping, ib tug cuam tshuam haum, stapling, XUAS NRIG NTAUS, etc ...

Yog li ntawd cia wb mus saib closer lub ntsiab hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus.

threaded txoj kev

Laus thiab ntev-cov pov thawj txoj kev ntawm kho. Cov nram qab no hais yog siv rau nws: bolts, screws, bolts, turnbuckles, thiab lwm tus neeg. Kho yog nqa tawm los ntawm threading thiab fastening bore ntawm ib tug tivthaiv. Muab Kauv protrusions rau lub pas nrig thiab nyob rau hauv kev siv technology tshiab qhov chaw hu ua xov. Xav txog cov tswv yim yooj fasteners:

• Cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj yog ib tug threaded pas nrig, ib kawg ntawm uas cov mounting lub taub hau. Nws zoo yog hexagonal, square, puag ncig, thiab hais txog. D.
• Ntsia Hlau txawv los ntawm lub yav dhau los cov khoom uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub taub hau ntawm ib tug qhov (qhov) ntswj ntsia hlau. Nws yog ib tug hexagon, direct, tus ntoo khaub lig thiab thiaj li nyob. D. By hom ntawm cov khoom yog countersunk lub taub hau, cylindrical, semicircular, countersunk.
• Hairpin - ib tug pas nrig threaded ntawm ob hnub. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los versions muaj tsis muaj lub taub hau.
• Lub mounting NQHAJ nyob ib ncig muaj ib qhov.
• Txiv Ntseej - ib tug plaub los ntawm lub qhov taub los xob nyob ib ncig.

Cov txuas yog muaj metiz: tiaj tus, caij nplooj ntoos hlav, deformable. Qhov no fixation yog thov rau qhov txhia chaw.

keyed

Cov yuam sij no tsau mus rau lub qhov tob qhov chaw uas kis txoj kev sib hloov thiab oscillation. Tus tsim ntawm xws ntsiab tej zaum yuav prismatic, npoo, ya, lub tangential. Xws li ib tug fixture ntaub ntawv nram qab no sib txuas:

• Unstressed tau siv prismatic ya lag luam. Thaum lub rooj sib txoos yog tsis prestressing.
• Voltage yog tangential thiab cov Woodruff tseem ceeb. Thaum assembling tshwm lub mounting nro. Siv rau txoj mechanisms.

Toothed (slotted) ntawm compound

Kho yog vim protruding hniav rau tus ncej thiab deepening rau lawv nyob rau hauv lub hub. Qhov ntev yog tsau qauv. Qhov no txoj kev yog siv kev tsiv thiab nyob ruaj ruaj mounts.

Muaj peb variants ntawm fixation rigidity: lub teeb, medium, siab. Qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb thiab qhov siab ntawm cov hniav. Nws cov lus dag nyob rau hauv lub chav 6-20 units. Tus duab ntawm tus hniav:

• Voos malovostrebovany. Siv rau me me nyob ruaj ruaj shafts thiab nrog tsawg torque.
• Pryamobochnyh. Koom nyob rau hauv sab ntawm lub puab thiab txheej hauv lub cheeb.
• Involute. Lawv yog siv rau cov loj shafts.

Qhov twg yog cov? Cov thawj coj ntawm lub tebchaw ntawm lub hom phiaj - cov kev hloov ntawm lub zog. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub ntawv thov - hwj chim cov cuab yeej.

Peb tau pom tias releasable Symptoms. Ntxiv kawm lub ntsiab hom ntawm mus tas li kev sib txuas.

Vuam

Yuav ua li cas yog lawv tshwj xeeb? Cov tebchaw yog tsim los ntawm cua sov thiab fusing ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub Symptoms taw tes rau tsim ib tug weld. Qhov no clutch yog ntshai raws li ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau heev. Muaj ntau ntau variants ntawm welding. Cov feem nrov yog:

• Electric arc welding. Muaj peb loj subtypes: lub automatic submerged arc vuam (yus siab productivity thiab zoo, siv nyob rau hauv loj ntau lawm), semi-submerged (siv rau luv luv discontinuous nqaws), tes (tsis tshua muaj ceev kev ua tau zoo, zoo nyob ncaj qha los ntawm lub welder kev).
• Kuj welding. Nws thov kom loj zus tau tej cov zoo-leaved hlau. Lub leeg sau overlapped.

Ib qho ntawm feem nrov mounting xaiv nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv tsev siv.

soldering

Tsis zoo li Vuam thaum lub sij hawm ntawm soldering hlau nto yog rhuab mus rau ib tug reflow kub. Nws ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug molten lo, uas muaj ib tug tsawg dua melting point. Xws li ib tug qauv ntawm cov coupling yog siv rau cov me khoom. Qhov no yog vim txoj kev txwv ntawm cov kis ntawm cov qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw.

nplaum bonds

Rau xws li ib tug mounting tsis yuav tsum tau cov cua kub ntawm chaw. Rau txhua hom ntawm cov hlau xaiv ib tug kua nplaum uas yuav xyuas kom meej ib tug nruj tuav. Rau xws li ua hauj lwm, lub ntsiab lus yog npaj. Deg sanded, degreased, tshwj xeeb primer yog thov tom qab lub lag luam no yuav tsim tsevneeg. Cov ntaub ntawv compositions yog txawv ntxiv zog thiab adhesion mus rau ntau yam chaw.

riveted fixation

Qhov no coupling txoj kev yog siv mas kev koom daim ntawv hlau thiab zoo li tus profiles. Txheej txheem qhov drilling yog ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, ces tso riveting. Vim tus neeg kho tshuab tej yam pas nrig thiab lub taub hau yog deformed, thiab cov taag qhov yog lawm ua tus sau. Qhov no lub lag luam yog nqa tawm los ntawm phau ntawv thiab mechanized txoj kev. Rivets kho cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog amenable mus Vuam ua hauj lwm, soldering, nplaum tsevneeg, thiab kom meej, qhov chaw uas koj yuav tsum rub cov tug txheej txheem.

Xovxwm haum

Ua los ntawm haum cov rooj zaum qhov chaw. Coupling tshwm sim vim frictional rog. Yeej, hom yog xav tau uas tsis yog-detachable. Tab sis qhov no yog nyob ntawm. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, tag nrho cov khoom disassembly thiab hloov ntawm qhov chaw.

Zoo, cov disadvantages, hom kev sib txuas

Txhua fixture nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Xav txog tag nrho cov kev xaiv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo:

• Threaded. Yuav mas hnyav loads, zoo traction, ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov khoom, yooj yim uas installation thiab tshem tawm, muaj peev xwm thov mechanization, tsis tshua muaj nqi. Tsis zoo: muaj zog npaum li cas kontsetratov voltage thiaj li tsis kam.
• Keyed. Tej yam yooj yim tsim, ib qho yooj yim los ua ke thiab disassembly. Tsis zoo: qhov veneer los ntawm kev txo tus ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm tus ncej thiab hub tsis muaj zog txog lawv. Qhov no kuj tshwm sim vim cov dabtsi yog khoov thiab Torsion kev nyuaj siab ntau. Laborious khawm ris tsim txoj kev.
• Iav. Nws cov ntaub ntawv ib tug zoo tuav thiab tam sim no cov kev taw qhia ntawm axial zog, hau ib tug loj torque, ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm qhov chaw, kev cia siab nyob rau hauv rov qab thiab dynamic loads, tsawg heev attenuation ntawm tus ncej, txo qhov ntev ntawm lub hub. Tsis zoo: nqi siab, complex ntau lawm tshuab.
• Vuam. Cov uas tsis muaj nqi ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, cov kev twb kev txuas puv kaw ntom nti thiab tuab, siv cov automated dab, muaj peev xwm mus ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug tuab profile. Tsis zoo: cov phau ntawv vuam zoo nyob ncaj qha rau ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm, qhov chaw deformation ntawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm cov cua kub, tsis tshua muaj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv kev co thiab poob siab hloov tau.
• Pike. Tsis deformation ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw, siab precision, tau soldering. Tsis zoo: complex txheej txheem ntawm cov kev kawm hauv thaj av, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus clearance yuav tsum tau muab.
• Adhesive. Tsis tshua muaj nqi, muaj yog tsis muaj weakening ntawm cov ua hauj lwm seem, tau ib tug ua ke siv nrog rau lwm cov hom ntawm nce, hlws ris los tsub kom xeb thaj chaw ntawm lub weld, ua hauj dej, tshuaj, kub extremes, prostate daim ntawv thov technology. Tsis zoo: txhij txhua txoj kev kawm puag thaum lub tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev xaiv ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav txo tau lub dag lub zog yam ntxwv.
• Riveted. Lub peev xwm siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog weldable, kev cia siab, txwv tsis pub cov tsos ntawm qaug zog tej kab nrib pleb. Tsis zoo: complexity, cov ntaub ntawv kev noj, tus txheej txheem zoo li thaum lub deformation chaw ntawm lub qhov chaw vim txhua yam kev cuam tshuam.
• Xovxwm haum. Tus tsim yog yooj yim heev, zoo qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau txhua tus lwm yam, yuav mas hnyav loads. Tsis zoo: tsis yooj yim los ua ke, muaj zog dissipated nyob rau hauv tus ntawm deeg thiab oscillations.

Raws li koj tau pom, txhua yam nws muaj nws tus kheej zoo thiab disadvantages. Muab tej yam zoo, peb xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws hom fasteners nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub. Xav txog qhov twg sib txawv tebchaw yog siv.

Hom ntawm tebchaw. daim ntawv thov piv txwv

Screwed, glued, welded sib txuas yog ubiquitous nyob rau hauv tej lag luam. Piv txwv li, siv, rooj tog zaum, heavy kev lag luam thiab thiaj li nyob. Keyed thiab spline fixation yog dav siv nyob rau hauv hwj chim cov cuab yeej, hardware, machinery. Xovxwm haum mounted rau cov shafts ntawm iav rings, cab log. Soldering yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm nrog electronic systems, qhov twg tshaj plaws yog cov neeg yuav tsum tau. Riveted siv rau crosslinking nyias hlau los xij. Txawm li cas los, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv cov yees duab kawg, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm rivets yuav fastened sufficiently loj sill. Qhov no tsuas yog ib tug me me daim ntawv teev daim ntawv thov kev mounting kev xaiv.

Peb yuav hais tias nrog cov kev kawm ntawm coupling technology yog tsim sai heev, uas txhais tau tias yuav muaj tshiab hom kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov niaj hnub ntiaj teb no yog lawm ua tus sau nrog aggregates, cov cav tov thiab mechanisms. Yuav ua li cas nrees tsau qhov chaw, thiab txiav txim seb qhov zoo tshaj ntawm lub neej thiab kev pab cuam ntshav. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb tias cov compound tsis distort tus duab ntawm cov khoom thiab tsis ua ntxiv kev hloov mus rau tus tsim. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum sib haum mus rau lub hauj qauv. Yog hais tias lawv ua raws li, ces tus xov tooj ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm cov qhauj yuav raug txo kom tsawg ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab chav nyob rau lawv tus kheej yuav kav ntev heev lub sij hawm.

Yog li ntawd, peb pom tawm yog dab tsi sib txawv ntawm cov kev twb kev txuas lus.