Laser khoom: kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus, daim ntawv thov

Qhov tsab xov xwm qhia tau hais tias dab tsi yog qhov chaw ntawm monochromatic tawg thiab dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm ib tug khoom-xeev laser dua lwm hom. Ntawm no yog peb hais li cas yog ib tug cim ntawm coherent tawg, yog vim li cas mem tes ntaus ntawv ntau haib, dab tsi yog yuav tsum tau engraving. Muaj tseem xam tau tias yog peb yuav tsum tau laser caij thiab yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm.

band kev tshawb xav

Ua ntej peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas khiav lag luam yog cov laser (khoom hauv lub xeev, piv txwv li), koj yuav tsum xav txog ib co ntawm lub cev qauv. Los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tshooj lus ib nco tias cov electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib orbits los yog zog. Yog hais tias thaum peb pov tseg tsis yog ib atom, thiab ib tug ntau, uas yog, peb xav txog tej peb-dimensional lub cev, muaj ib qho teeb meem.

Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus Pauli, nyob rau hauv lub cev nrog ib tug thiab tib zog yuav ua tau tsuas yog ib tug electron. Yog li txawm lub me tshaj grain muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm atoms. Xwm tau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no heev graceful tawm - lub zog ntawm txhua electron zog sib txawv los ntawm ib tug nyob ib sab mus rau ib tug heev me me, yuav luag indiscernible npaum li cas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no rau tag nrho cov electrons ntawm ib theem ntawm "nias" mus rau hauv ib tug ib zog band. Ib cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas yog nyob feem ntau nyob deb los ntawm cov tub ntxhais electrons, hu ua valence. Ua raws li nws cheeb tsam muaj ib tug ntau dua lub zog. Nws electrons txav dawb do, thiab nws yog hu ua tus conduction band.

Emission thiab haum

Tej laser (solid-state, roj, tshuaj) ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm electron kev hloov los ntawm ib tug zoo noj mus rau lwm lub. Yog hais tias koj lub cev yog raug mus rau lub teeb, lub photon rau ib tug electron muab hwj huam txaus rau nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau dua lub zog lub xeev. Conversely, thaum ib tug electron yog kis los ntawm cov conduction band mus rau lub valence, nws emits ib photon. Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib tug semiconductor los yog ib tug insulator, lub valence thiab conduction band yog sib cais los ntawm ib tug caij nyoog nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj duas. Raws li, electrons yuav tsis tau muaj. Qhov no yuav luv yog hu ua tus qhab kis. Yog hais tias lub photon muaj txaus lub zog, lub electrons dhia kov yeej no luv.

tiam

Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom-xeev laser yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw nyob rau hauv lub txwv tsis pub cheeb tsam no yog tsim ib tug thiaj li hu ua inverted txheej. Electron lub neej nyob rau theem no yog siab tshaj thaum lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv lub conduction band. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws "noog" electrons. Qhov no yog hu ua cov pejxeem inversion. Thaum zoo li no theem ntawm dotted electrons, lub photon kis lub Desired wavelength, nws ua rau cov simultaneous tiam ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tib ntev thiab theem ntawm lub teeb tsis. Hais tias yog, tus electrons yog avalanche tag nrho ib zaug mus rau hauv av lub xeev, generating ib tug beam ntawm monochromatic photons sufficiently muaj hwj huam. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub ntsiab teeb meem ntawm cov thawj laser txoj kev loj hlob yog los nrhiav tau xws li ib tug ua ke ntawm tshuaj rau cov uas yuav tau pejxeem inversion ntawm ib qho ntawm ntau ntau. Tus thawj ua hauj lwm nruab nrab hlau steel ruby.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub laser

Tau-lub xeev laser rau ntawm lub ntsiab Cheebtsam yog txawv los ntawm lwm yam hom. Cov ua hauj lwm cov kua, nyob rau hauv uas cov pejxeem inversion ntawm ib qho ntawm ntau ntau tus, illuminated los ntawm ib lub teeb qhov chaw. Nws yog hu ua siv. nws yuav feem ntau yog ib tug ib txwm incandescent teeb los yog ib tug roj paug raj. Ob thaum uas tig mus txuas rau thaum xaus ntawm cov ua hauj lwm kua (khoom-xeev laser siv lead ua assumes, roj - ib lub tshuab nqus cua) daim ntawv ib tug system ntawm tsom iav, los yog ib tug optical resonator. Nws sau nyob rau hauv lub beam tsuas yog cov photons uas yog thaum uas tig mus rau lub qhov hluav taws xob. Pumped khoom-xeev lasers feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm flash teeb.

Hom ntawm khoom-xeev lasers

Nyob ntawm seb lub hom ntawm cov laser beam tso zis txawv tas mus li thiab pulsed lasers. Txhua yam ntawm lawv yog siv thiab nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Lub ntsiab sib txawv - pulsed khoom-xeev lasers muaj ib tug ntau dua muaj peev xwm. Txij li thaum rau txhua txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv photons zoo li "piling", ces ib tug mem tes yog tau xa dua lub zog tshaj tas mus li oscillation rau tib lub sij hawm lub sij hawm. Tus me dua cov mem tes kav, qhov ntau haib txhua "nkaug". Thaum lub caij, nws yog technologically tau tsim ib tug femtosecond laser. Ib qho ntawm nws mem tes kav txog 10 ^-15 vib nas this. Tej dependence muaj feem xyuam rau lub fact tias cov pej xeem ntawm qhov rov qab dab raws li tau piav saum toj no kav heev heev me me. Lub ntev yuav tsum tau mus tos ua ntej koj "shoot" laser, qhov ntau electrons muaj lub sij hawm mus rau tawm hauv inverted theem. Raws li, qhov txo concentration thiab photon zog ntawm cov qhov tso zis beam.

laser engraving

Cov qauv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm hlau thiab iav khoom dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug neeg lub neej txhua hnub. Lawv yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv mechanically, sib los yog los ntawm laser. Cov yav tas yog cov feem ntau niaj hnub. Nws zoo dua lwm txoj kev raws li nram no. Txij li thaum ib tug tib neeg muaj feem rau kev ua hauj lwm nto yog tsis tam sim no, nws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom ua tus tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem uas tso npe thov ib tug qauv los yog inscription. Lub laser beam kub nyhiab heev ntiav groove: nto engraved nrog cov seem du thiab, yog li ntawd, qhov tshaj plaws yog tsis puas thiab yuav kav ntev dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hlau laser beam hloov lub heev tus qauv ntawm qhov teeb meem, thiab cov lus yuav tsis ploj tau ntau xyoo. Yog hais tias tus tshaj plaws siv ua tib zoo, tsis txhob raus nws nyob rau hauv acid los yog deform, ces ob peb tiam ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv nws meej fwm. Laser engraving yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv ib tug khoom-xeev switching rau ob yog vim li cas: cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv khib nyiab yog yooj yim rau kev tswj, thiab nws yog qib siab rau tus piv ntawm cov zis thiab tus nqi.

installation

Engraving, muaj tshwj xeeb installation. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ncaj laser, lawv muaj xws li ib tug cov neeg kho tshuab phau ntawv no, nyob rau hauv uas laser xyaum, thiab saib xyuas cov khoom (computer). Laser tshuab yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau cov nplais ntawm tib neeg kev ua si. Saum toj no peb tham txog dai txhua hnub khoom. Sau npe cutlery, cov ntais zes, tsom-iav, nyob ua si rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg thiab yuav tau nco ntsoov txog cov kev zoo siab lub sij hawm.

Txawm li cas los, tsis tau tsuas yog domestic tab sis kuj muaj cov khoom yuav tsum tau laser engraving. Loj cov nroj tsuag, xws li tsheb, tso tawm cov ntsiab lus loj loj tus xov tooj: pua pua txhiab los yog lab. Txhua yam yuav tsum tau cim - thaum twg thiab leej twg tsim nws. Txoj kev zoo tshaj laser engraving, mus nrhiav tau uas tsis yog, tso lub sij hawm, cov kev pab cuam lub neej yuav ntev txawm rau cov tsiv qhov chaw, uas muaj zog cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm puas. Laser tshuab, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tsiag ntawv los ntawm muaj peev xwm thiab kev nyab xeeb. Tom qab tag nrho, yog hais tias tus engraving tsawg kawg yog ib feem ntawm ib tug feem pua hloov lub zog ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw, nws yuav hnov mob txawv mus rau sab nraud stimuli. Piv txwv li, ib tug so nyob rau hauv lub taw tes rau ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov inscription. Txawm li cas los, haum rau domestic siv yooj yim thiab pheej yig dua installation.