Txheej xwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm: Lub Boston Tshuaj yej tog

Lub ntxiv deb ntawm lub keeb kwm cov txheej xwm ntawm peb lub sij hawm, qhov ntau zoo kawg li lawv yog them nrog ib tug romantic flair. Nyob rau hauv 1917, ib tug kuj me me pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj nyob rau hauv Petrograd propagandized ua txhaum cai raug ntes ntawm lub ntus tsoom fwv, thiab tom qab xwb ib tug ob peb decades ntawm no rov yog ua los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm xinesmas lus dab neeg ntawm hnyav sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov tub rog Kawm ua tub rog thiab "tuag squads", thiab wrought-hlau rooj vag feemxyuam thawj coj cia li dai massovschikami nws tsis yog tseeb yog vim li cas lub climber nyob rau qhib sash. Txheej xwm ntawm lub Civil War twb romanticized tshaj tag nrho cov kev txwv. Peb cov khub pej xeem to taub lub cuab yeej ntawm manipulation nco qab los ntawm art, media thiab keeb kwm cov phau ntawv, raws li zoo raws li lub cov neeg Amelikas yog? Cov lus hais rau lawv naivety. Piv txwv li, tus naas ej "Boston Tshuaj yej tog" nyob rau hauv 1773, feem ntau ntawm lawv suav hais tias yog thaum pib ntawm lub tawm tsam rau kev ywj pheej.

Yuav ua li cas peb paub txog qhov "Boston Tshuaj yej tog"?

Tus heev lub npe ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim yog ib tug neeg uas paub txog cov keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws USA no tsis zoo heev, lub koom haum nrog ib tug tej lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub founding poj koob yawm txwv, paub los ntawm portraits nyob rau duas nqi zaum ntawm tau txais kev pab lub rooj nrog khob nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes. Lub fact tias cov "Boston Tshuaj yej tog" coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Boston, nyob rau lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Massachusetts, tom qab ntawd los ua ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm, thiab ces ib feem ntawm lub British colony, nws yog tseeb los ntawm lub npe. Thiab tshuaj yej rau no cov keeb kwm fact kuj muaj ib tug kev sib raug zoo. Tab sis nws tsis haus dej haus, nws poob dej tuag. Tiam sis ua ntej tej yam uas ua ntej.

Cov kev tshwm sim lub npe yog hais ironical. Yuav kom to taub yog vim li cas nws twb muab los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kim khoom, yuav tsum tau paub txog lub thoob ntiaj teb teeb meem uas precedes nws. Nyob rau hauv dab tsi lub xyoo twb tus Boston Tshuaj yej tog coj qhov chaw? Raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws cov khoom ntawm teb chaws Aas Kiv? Leej twg tau ua chim heev, thiab yog vim li cas?

Lub British faj tim teb chaws thiab nws cov txawv teb chaws cov khoom

Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XVIII xyoo pua, yuav luag tag nrho ib ncig ntawm tam sim no-hnub United States yog ib tug colony ntawm Great teb chaws Aas Kiv. Common lus, kev cai dab qhuas coj thiab hom haiv neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb muab ib tug tej yam kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov thawj tswj subordination. Cov cwj pwm uas haus tshuaj yej, tab sis yog tsis tau ib yam khoom ntawm thawj tseem ceeb, ib yam nkaus thiab, yog heev English cwj pwm ntawm. Qhov tseeb hais tias tus tawm tsam rau kev ywj pheej los ntawm leej niam lub teb chaws, tsis muaj leej twg txawm xav tias.

Txawm li cas los, ib co controversy tseem tau, thiab lawv nyob ntawm ib qho nyiaj txiag xwm.

Cov nyiaj txiag ntsoog thiab cov hau kev los ntawm

Xya Xyoo 'ua tsov ua rog, uas coj teb chaws Aas Kiv, zoo nkauj heev lub muaj koob muaj npe tso nyiaj. Yuav kom txhim kho yam, Parliament txiav txim siab los ntxiv dag zog cov nyiaj ua se tsim txom rau txawv teb chaws cov khoom. Nws tag nrho cov pib yim xyoo ua ntej lub Boston Tshuaj yej tog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1773. Control ntawm Kaum Ob Lub Hlis nyiaj tau hampered vim lub loj thaj tshem tawm ntawm lub teb chaws Amelikas no, kom kov yeej lub Atlantic thaum nws coj txog peb lub hlis. Qhov nyuaj economic teeb meem no twb compounded los ntawm cov tseem ceeb heev qhov teeb meem no, bordering nyob tiav ntaub ntawv bankruptcy los ntawm lub ntsiab lub xeev-muaj faj tim teb chaws, koom nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws trade - "East Is Nrias teb Company". Txuag nws lub ntsiab yog ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws tseem ceeb, thiab qhov no rau hauv cov UK tsoom fwv los mus muab nws nyiam, mas yam nqi thiab se, es, yog tso lawv.

Tshuaj yej luam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tshiab

Tshuaj yej nyob rau hauv lub British zos ntawm North America ua los ntawm ntau yam raws - cov kev thiab smuggling. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nws tau tsim ib tug tej yam kev ua lag luam equilibrium, qhov twg tus neeg muaj peev xwm xaiv tau raws li txoj cai cov khoom tsum (feem ntau kim) thiab pheej yig, tab sis cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv, bypassing kev lis kev cai. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tau luam cuam tshuam rau tus East Is Nrias teb Niaj hnub, tag nrho cov teeb meem no hloov radically. Nyob hauv zos tsis nyiam nws.

Ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm lub dav txais kev pab, tsis muaj dab tsi txaus ntshai tau tshwm sim. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg nyob ntawm Boston twb tsis muaj direct relation to pauv nyob rau hauv colonial cov khoom, uas nws, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov txawv nyob rau hauv dab tsi khw mus yuav tshuaj yej? Tab sis nws tsuas yog thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Ruined sib tw lwm, rau sab hnub tuaj Is Nrias teb tuam txhab txais tsis muaj kev txwv monopoly luam regime, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub caij nyoog rau tag nrho cov tau txais kev pab yuav ib yam khoom ntawm ib tug nqi uas nws considers tseeb. Peb tsis sai li sai tau to taub txhua yam, tab sis muaj ib tug txiv neej uas muaj peev xwm mus nqa tawm explanatory ua hauj lwm ntawm cov pejxeem. Nws lub npe yog Samuel Adams.

"Tub ntawm kev ywj pheej" thiab lawv cov thawj coj

Lub tswv yim ntawm lub ywj pheej ntawm lub North American lub xeev tsis tau mastered rau lub minds ntawm lub masses, tab sis tau yuam kev nyob rau hauv ib co minds. Adherents separatist hu lawv tus kheej "Tub txoj kev ywj pheej," lawv professed radical views on kev ywj pheej. Thaum kawg, nws yog lawv uas ib lub koom haum cov "Boston Tshuaj yej tog". Xyoo 1773rd yog hnub rau decisive kev txiav txim rau lub "tub ntawm kev ywj pheej" thiab lawv cov thawj coj, Samuel Adams. Txoj kev ntawm lub koom haum ua ntaub ntawv thov cov feem ntau uas tsis yog lub revolutionary. Thaum lub sij hawm lub unrest ntawm tag nrho cov dissent yog obstructed thiab lawv tej khoom vaj tse yuav yooj yim puas los yog txawm ua kom puas. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm vaj tse nyob thiab cov khw.

Cia li tus thawj theem ntawm lub East Is Nrias teb tuam txhab npaj mus nqa tawm tus me nyuam ntawm peb consignments. Cov Thawj zaug ntawm lawv tuaj txog ntawm lub "Dartmouth" nyob rau hauv Boston Chaw nres nkoj ntawm 27 Kaum ib hlis. Ib me ntsis tom qab no tuaj rau ob tug "tus ntshuab" thiab nkoj "Eleanor."

Lub tuas twb 342 loj bales (45 tonnes), nrog rau ib tug tag nrho tus nqi ntawm 10 000 GBP. thaum lub sij hawm tus nqi yog tsis loj loj, thiab cov astronomical.

txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov teeb meem

Advocacy dag zog ntawm Adams thiab nws cov "tub" muab kev soj ntsuam, muaj tsis muaj ib tug yuav tshem khoom lub ships, lawv twb kaw nyob rau hauv chaw nres nkoj, thiab cov pab neeg mloog mus rau lub quaj ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam uas sau nyob rau crowded tawm tsam. Ib lub lim piam tom qab, tus tus tauj ncov loj ntawm "Dartmouth" Roche tau muaj cov kev xaiv kom qhia nws ib tug hais nruab nrab: tshuaj yej nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub, thiab lawv xa rov qab mus rau qhov twg tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub UK. Tab sis nws muaj nws yog.

Tshwj xeeb lus tsim nyog cov kev ua ntawm cov neeg cov neeg, uas yuav tsum ua raws li ib tug bastion ntawm British lub hwj chim. Nws Hadchinson tswv xeev kom tus thaiv cov hlab ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab lub avoidance ntawm tawm ntawm nws, "Dartmouth", "tus ntshuab" thiab "Eleanor." Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm ntxiv uas mus rau lub rebels tsiv thiab ib tug loj ib feem ntawm lub zos tub ceev xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog tus "Boston Tshuaj yej tog"

Hmo ntuj lub Kaum Ob Hlis 16th ob peb lub kaum os cov neeg nyob rau Boston (lub caij nyoog tooj yog ib qhov nyuaj rau koj muab tau tib yam li tus xov tooj nqa lub cav ntoo nrog Lenin rau tus thawj ua hauj lwm hnub) infiltrated cov "Dartmouth", thiab ces mus rau lub "Eleanor" thiab "tus ntshuab". Ua ntej tus nres rau ib co yog vim li cas lawv tau pleev xim rau lawv tus kheej rau cov neeg Qhab. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog ua yog tsis paub, nws yog tseeb, tiam sis, uas rau lub Mohawk rau impersonate lawv cov hom phiaj tau tsis yog, nws yuav tsis muaj tshwm sim. Tej zaum nws muab ib tug masquerade cim shares ib tug kev lom zem taug txuj kev nyuaj taug txuj kev nyuaj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tag nrho cov coj tshuaj yej yog nyob rau hauv Boston Bay. Cov khoom no yog hopelessly corrupt, rau sab hnub tuaj Is Nrias teb lub tuam txhab raug kev txom nyem loj loj losses. Qhov no yog lub "Boston Tshuaj yej tog".

txim ntawm cov tshuaj yej

Lead ces kis tau maj mam. Thawj lawv mus txog New York thiab tshwm sim los ib tug surge ntawm tej yam txaus siab rau tag nrho cov neeg uas nyob hauv British North American zos. Nyob rau hauv London, peb twb kawm txog qhov teeb meem tsuas yog tom qab peb lub hlis. "Boston Tshuaj yej tog" lub British tsoom fwv tau tsim nyog raws li ib tug revolt hais tias, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog rau qhov tseeb. Qhov kev txiav txim raws li ib tug thaum ntxov thiab nyuaj. Lawv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim los thaiv lub Boston, mus kom ib tug embargo luam nrog Massachusetts, tshem tawm cov zos thawj coj thiab tsim kom muaj martial law. General Thomas Gage raug tsa lub tshiab tswv xeev. Solutions, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, yeej muaj tseeb, tab sis mus siv lawv tsis yog ib qho yooj yim.

Ib qho tseem ceeb zaj lus qhia

Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub Massachusetts Provincial Congress pib ib armed kuj. Cov lus hais tias "Txoj kev ywj pheej los yog kev tuag", Huab Tais Ntuj hais los ntawm Patrick Henry nyob rau hauv Virginia, pom ib tug ncha nyob rau hauv lub siab lub ntsws ntawm Bostonians thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov neeg uas tam sim no xav txog lawv tus kheej Americans. Gage tsis pab txawm lub reinforcements tuaj txog ntawm ces, txib los ntawm Uilyam hou. Ib tug tag nrho-scale tsov ua rog rau ywj siab pib nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1775.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov kev sib cais los ntawm leej niam lub teb chaws ntawm lub North American zos yog tsis vim poob deg nyob rau hauv lub depths ntawm lub hiav txwv tshuaj yej tog, txawm yog hais tias nws yog loj. Tab sis, ua li cas thiaj tau tuaj rau economic vim li cas ironically "Boston Tshuaj yej tog", nws pom hais tias nws lub cev tsis muaj lub British kom tej thaj chaw deb qhov chaw, uas qhia qhov yuav mus ywj siab.