Tub ceev xwm USSR raws li nws yog

Kaum ib hlis 10, 1917 thaum lub sij hawm lub revolutionary txheej xwm ntawm tus neeg Commissariat ntawm Internal Affairs muab ib tug decree ntawm lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm 'militia.

headwaters

Lub tswvyim ntawm cov militia nyob rau hauv 1903 nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam ntawm lub Bolshevik tog, thiab nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1917, tom qab los rau lub hwj chim ntawm lub Daim Ntawv tsoom fwv coj qhov chaw ntawm lub tsarist tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm. Lawv zoo tib yam neeg ua hauj lwm uas hnub sawv ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum, thiab nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj nrog phom coj mus rau hauv txoj kev mus muaj kev txiav txim.

Txawm V. I. Lenin hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau los ua ib tug "neeg lub militia", uas meant ib tug tag nrho arming ntawm cov neeg.

Thawj cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub USSR

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, txoj hauj lwm ntawm policing nqa Liab Revolutionary khwb. Tsoom fwv pom tau hais tias kom thiaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yuav tsum yog ib tug cais lub cev. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1918 nws tau txiav txim siab mus nrhiav kom tau ib tug tub ceev xwm chaw nres tsheb. Qhov no lub cev tshiab ntawd kub ntev li tag nrho Soviet lub sij hawm.

Tub ceev xwm los ua neeg ua hauj lwm thiab peasants, thiab yuav muaj cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 23 xyoo.

Muaj koob muaj npe tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm tau tsuas reorganize, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm F. Z. Dzerzhinskogo, cov neeg tshiab tsis tau nqa dab tsi zoo nyob rau hauv lub qub tub ceev xwm lub koom haum. Tab sis qhov no ideology tau kav liam los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, tub ceev xwm thiab lub Soviet ntawm lub sij hawm uas muaj amateurs.

Lub turbulent keeb kwm ntawm post-revolutionary lub sij hawm cov tub ceev xwm sau nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1918 tus thawj tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm raug tua nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib ntaus nrog cov bandits.

Tus thawj riam phom uas ua ntaj riam thaiv tus tshiab raug txim kev txiav txim, yog ib tug Mauser thiab ib tug phom. Mauser - paub haib riam phom uas nws siv los ze 50-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

moore

Lub kaum hli ntuj 5, 1918, cov tub ceev xwm muab ib tug kev rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub tuam tsev rau tshwj kom txhob criminality. Moscow txim txhaum spying nyob rau hauv lub tsarist tsoom fwv twb hloov mus rau hauv Moore - Moscow txim txhaum kev tshawb nrhiav Department.

"Murovtsev" coj qhws tshwj xeeb insignia rau lub lapels ntawm lawv plev - crescent thiab "Moore ob lub qhov muag" - tag nrho cov-pom qhov muag. Tsis zoo li cov departmental muab rau ib tug tej lub sij hawm.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txoj kev puas tsuaj ntawm Mur neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov tub gangs, uas suav txog 30 nyob rau hauv Moscow ib leeg.

Daim ntawv thiab lub npe

Thaum xub thawj, txog rau lwm insignia yog tsis yog tshwj xeeb xav. Lub policemen mus nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov khaub ncaws thiab coj qhws xwb liab ntaub nplaum rau nws ob txhais tes. Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws tuaj rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Taug kev Soviet militia lub sij hawm uas tsis tau dub khaub ncaws thiab nees - doog xiav. Tshiab insignia nyob yuav luag txhua txhua xyoo. Hloov xim buttonholes, ua tej yam tshwm sim thiab lawv cov configuration.

Nyob rau hauv 1931, rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov Soviet policeman muab grey. Npe nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog kawg no tiv thaiv ntawm txoj cai thiab kev txiav txim yog tsis tsuas txaus.

Ua ke nrog lub advent ntawm cov qib nyob rau hauv cov tub rog nyob rau hauv 1936 thiab lub npe los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Dhau li ntawm tus sergeants thiab lieutenants, tseem nyob tus thawj coj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm - qhov tseem ceeb tshaj lub npe. Nyob rau hauv 1943 thiab lub xub pwg straps, thiab lub ntsiab sib txawv yog cov xim xiav cim tau ua tswvcuab.

Nyob rau hauv 1947 nws tau hloov khaub ncaws txiav thiab tshwm sim liab. Nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam txoj kev paj huam Sergeya Mihalkova txiv ntxawm Stepan vividly depicts ib tug policeman uas sawv khwb.

Lub ib hlis ntuj 13, 1962 lub Soviet Union xav tsis thoob zaj dab neeg txog ib tug hero policeman, uas sawv ntawm nws ncej, cawm ib tug poj niam thiab tus me nyuam los ntawm ib tug neeg qaug cawv gunman. Nws tus kheej koog tsev kawm ntawv Vasily Petushkov twb fatally pig thiab twb muab posthumously lub npe ntawm hero.

Tub ceev xwm USSR thiab cov poj niam

Nyob rau hauv Cov Qib ntawm Soviet tub ceev xwm poj niam nyob rau hauv 1919. Muaj ntau lub fairer poj niam txiv ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Ministry ntawm Internal Affairs nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Tab sis nyob rau hauv peacetime, yuav luag ib tug peb lub hlis twg ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm ntse muab straps nrog ib tug tiab.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov poj niam thaum lub sij hawm tseem ceeb heev rau lub sijhawm yog tsis zuj zus tshaj cov txiv neej. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus yam ntxwv ntawm psychology ua rau lawv zoo mej zeej ntawm lub hauv nruab nrog cev.

Nto moo txawj sau ntawv Aleksandra Marinina tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet tub ceev xwm 20 xyoos, koom nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm criminal ua txhaum cai. Nws tau los ua tus nto moo tshaj plaws retired lieutenant colonel, sau ib tug series ntawm detective novels txog lub neej txhua hnub ntawm lub sab hauv neeg ua hauj lwm.

kev kawm

Yuav kom daws tau cov teeb meem nrog rau cov kev cob qhia, cov tub ceev xwm tau qhib ib lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub ceev xwm. Tub ceev xwm Soviet Union tau ua ntau kev, ua tsaug rau mus tas li cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm peev xwm ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab kev tiv thaiv. Yuav kom tau mus rau lub soj tub ceev xwm, tau kawm tiav los ntawm lub Siab Tub ceev xwm School.

Zoo duab ntawm tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm

Txij li thaum lub nruab nrab 60s, tsoom fwv tau xwm yeem tsa rau prestige ntawm cov tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus pejxeem. Cov xov xwm thiab muaj tswv yim intelligentsia ua hauj lwm nyuaj los ua ib tug zoo hero - lub Soviet policeman. Tub ceev xwm USSR tau ua heev nrov ntawm cov neeg, ua tsaug rau ib tug fascinating zaj duab xis.

Txij li thaum 1962, officially nkag mus hauv cov nyiaj so koobtsheej - lub hnub ntawm militia nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Hnub Kaum ib hlis 10 sau tseg ua ntej, tab sis ntau Senior. Thaum lub xeev nyob rau hauv lub hnub tub ceev xwm congratulated cov ua hauj lwm thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntxias ntawm lub teb chaws.

Lub Soviet neeg khov kho ntseeg thiab pheej rov qab cov kab lus uas tau ua winged: "Peb tub ceev xwm muaj kev kho".