Tuam tsev ntawm Artemis ntawm Ephesus

Tuam tsev ntawm Artemis ntawm Ephesus, tus yees duab ntawm cov uas niaj hnub no sawv cev rau xwb ib ob peb kab, xam tau tias yog ib tug ntawm cov kev xav ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no.
Raws li Legend, Artemis - ntxaib muam ntawm Apollo - muab kev kho mob ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag muab kev kho mob ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg thiab tsiaj qus, yuav ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo, paj thiab lov tas vau. Tsis txhob tso tseg nws mus rau cov xim thiab cov neeg, muab rau lawv txoj kev zoo siab ntawm tsev neeg thiab foom koob hmoov rau muaj me nyuam. Cov poj niam feem ntau coj nws raug tsim txom raws li ib tug patron ntawm procreation.

Tus thawj lub tuam tsev ntawm Artemis ua tau nyob rau hauv lub thib rau lub xyoo pua BC nyob rau hauv lub Greek nroog ntawm Ephesus, uas yog tam sim no lub Turkish xeev ntawm Izmir. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua plaub BC nws twb hlawv Gyrostat, ces rebuilt thiab dua rhuav tshem cov Gothic barbarians.

Tuam tsev ntawm Artemis sawv rau ntawm qhov chaw yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub sanctuary carian vajtswv poj niam, protectress ntawm fertility. Cov nyiaj rau nws siv tau pub los ntawm tus naas ej Lydian huab tais Croesus nplua nuj, tej yam tshwm sim ntawm uas yog tseem fwm rau lub bases ntawm lub kab, thiab peb tes num, raws li Strabo, nws yog tsim los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Hersifronom los ntawm Knossos. Thaum nws yog tsim los colonnade thiab ua lub phab ntsa, thiab thaum nws tuag lawm, cov kev tsim kho tau txuas ntxiv mus los ntawm nws tus tub, thiab tom qab - lub architects ntawm Demeter thiab peons.

Ib tug loj loj dawb pob zeb tuam tsev ntawm Artemis twb admired thiab surprise. Yog cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas raws nraim nws twb dai kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, tsis extant. Peb tsuas paub hais tias lub sculptural dai kom zoo ntawm ib yam ntawm cov kev xav ntawm lub ancient ntiaj teb no los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws masters, thiab tus vajtswv poj niam pej thuam yog ua los ntawm kaus ntxhw thiab kub.

Qhov chaw dawb ceev twb siv tsis tsuas yog rau cov kev cai dab qhuas kev pab thiab ceremonies, nws yuav luag tam sim ntawd los ua ib tug ua lag ua luam thiab nyiaj txiag center ntawm lub nroog ntawm lub nroog Efexus. Raws li lawv khiav xwb rooj tsavxwm ntawm lub pov thawj, nws yog zoo ywj siab ntawm lub nroog cov tub ceev xwm.

Nyob rau hauv 356 BC, nyob rau hmo ntuj thaum Aleksandr Makedonsky yug, vain Herostrat xav koob meej, teem hluav taws kub mus no zoo kawg li lub tuam tsev. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub thib peb xyoo pua BC, lub tuam tsev ntawm Artemis yog kiag li rebuilt thiab tau txais tib daim ntawv. lub reconstruction ntawm cov nyiaj tau faib Aleksandrom Makedonskim, thiab cov chaw ua hauj lwm nqa tawm Heynokrat kws kes duab vajtse, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm no tsa lub tsev txawm siab dua hauv av. Qhov ntev tuam tsev twb impressive: 51 'meter' dav thiab 105 - nyob rau hauv ntev. Ru tsev yog kev txhawb los ntawm 127 kab nyob rau hauv yim kab.

Tuam tsev ntawm Artemis, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas, Tu siab, niaj hnub no sawv cev rau tsuas yog ib reconstructed kem, hauv dai kom zoo nkauj nrog saum thiab reliefs Scopas thiab Praxiteles. Efexau, nyob rau hauv gratitude Aleksandru Makedonskomu, kom nws portrait, uas depicted tus poj general li Zeus - uas xob nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes.

Thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thib peb xyoo pua lub Goths rhuav tshem cov sanctuary ntawm Artemis. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw ib tug me me lub tsev teev ntuj twb ua, uas tseem demolished.

Txojkev marble slabs twb plundered, lub-ru tsev twb rhuav sai ntauwd pib lub caij nplooj zeeg vim muaj ib tug ua txhaum ntawm kev sib sau ntawm tsim. Ntog pob zeb blocks nws thiaj li sucked rau hauv lub hav iav, uas lub tuam tsev ntawm Artemis ua tau. Ib tug ob peb xyoo lawm yav tom ntej, qhov chaw nyob qhov twg muaj tsuas yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws architectural tej hauj lwm ntawm Ionia, txawm tsis nco qab lawm.

Rau ntau xyoo nws coj British soj ntsuam voodoo nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nrhiav tsawg kawg yog ib co kua nplaum ntawm lub tuam tsev, thiab nyob rau hauv 1869 nws thaum kawg muaj hmoo. Ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub qhib ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam tsev tiav xwb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kuj pom ib co kua nplaum ntawm cov kab ntawm cov thawj embodiment ntawm lub burnt Gyrostat.