Tswv yim Physics: photoemission

Tsis muaj teeb meem nyob deb li cas cov nruab nrab tus neeg nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub ib zaug traversed los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm, nws yog ib tug tsis muaj-tsis muaj thiab yuav ua kom txog koj tus kheej nco ntsoov. Qhov no yog dab tsi tshwm sim thaum nws los txog rau lub phenomenon ntawm photoemission.

txhais

Photoeffect physics assumed kawm tuab si lug txheej txheem electrons nyob rau hauv lub atoms, molecules, tshuaj, uas tshwm sim tshwm sim thaum raug mus rau lub teeb. Ib tug photoemission - ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas electrons yog khob qhov rooj tawm lub teeb nrog xws li kev quab yuam uas ncaim tshaj sab txwv ntawm cov khoom.

Keeb kwm thiab kev xyaum

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv no amazing fact pom physicist los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, Genrih Gerts nyob rau hauv lub deb 1887. qhib ntawm txoj kev tshawb tau txuas ntxiv colleague Hertz, Lavxias teb sab physicist Stoletov. Ib tug ntse heev, Einstein tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm lub photoelectric nyhuv raws li nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm quantum physics. Txij li thaum photoemission kawm sib sib zog nqus txaus thiab ntau yam, thiab siv cov kev txawj ntse mas yuav kis tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub tsim thiab siv thiab ua cov photovoltaic pab kiag li lawm raws li nyob rau hauv. Yog hais tias peb coj lub feem ntau yooj yim piv txwv li, qhov no tsis siv neeg cov rooj vag rau lub chav nres tsheb, khiav rau hnub ci hlwb.

Mechanisms ntawm no hom hauj lwm rau hluav taws xob lub zog. Txawm li cas los, hnub ci hlwb uas tsuas siv lwm photoeffect, txia zog ua thaum lub sij hawm tawg mus rau hauv hluav taws xob tsis tau kiag li. Yog li ntawd, yuav siv rau lawv raws li qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob yog tsis muaj tshwj xeeb lub ntsiab lus, tsis tau hais tias hais txog automation. Nws yog nrog kev pab los ntawm lub teeb kab teeb tshwm sim kab circuits nyob rau hauv tsis siv neeg tswj mechanisms.

Yog tsis muaj exaggeration, nws yuav sib cav hais tias lub foundations ntawm cov photoelectric nyhuv yog ib tug tiag tiag revolutionary kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv physics. Ntawm no yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov txim:

• ua ntej tus zaum qhia ntawm daim card xwm ntawm lub teeb, lub teeb beam;
• xinesmas los ntawm cov uas ntsiag to twb "hais lus" tau invented txoj kev ntawm lub suab, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm lub tsiv duab no kuj ua tau ua tsaug rau lub photoelectric cov nyhuv;
• creation rau lub hauv paus ntawm photoelectric pab kiag li lawm xws machines thiab "ntse machines" hais tias, muab qhov tsis muaj lub ntau qhov chaw no yog ua los tsis muaj kev pab tib neeg;
• ib tug plurality ntawm txawv mechanisms raws li nyob rau hauv lub photoelectron automation.

Yog li, lub heev siv cov photoelectric nyhuv, thiab nws tau los ua ib tug txhob nyob rau hauv niaj hnub siv tshuab.

faib tawm hnub ci hlwb

Photo los yog muab faib ua ob peb hom raws li lawv lub zog thiab lub zog.

1. Cov sab nraud photoelectric nyhuv (nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus - photoelectron emission). Lub electrons uas tawm txim liab sab nraum lub substance thaum nws tshwm sim yog hu ua photoelectrons. Thiab ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no, lawv tsim thaum ib yaam tawm nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud hluav taws xob field, twb hu ua photocurrent.
2. Internal photoelectric nyhuv, yuav txhawb lub photoconductive khoom. Nws tshwm sim thaum electrons yog rov muaj yais tawm rau semiconductors thiab insulators nyob ntawm lub zog lub xeev ntawm aggregation thiab - ib cov khoom los yog kua. redistribution phenomenon tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub teeb. Nws ces tsub kom qhov hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm ib yam khoom, i.e., nws puv tawm hauv cov nyhuv ntawm photoconductivity.
3. Valve photoelectric nyhuv - txoj kev hloov ntawm photoelectrons los ntawm lawv lub cev nyob rau hauv lwm yam khib nyiab (semiconductors) los yog kua (ntsha).

Sab nraud photoelectric nyhuv yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm uas niaj hnub nqus photocells. Lawv manufactured nyob rau hauv ib khob hwj nyob rau hauv uas lub puab nto yog cov coated nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm nws yog xim hlau deposition. Ib me ntsis txheej thickness muab ib tug me me ua hauj lwm tso zis. Pob tshab qhov rais kis rau hauv lub qhov muag teev thiab nyob hauv nws lub anode nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hlau loops los yog tus thawj disc photoelectrons. Yog hais tias lub anode kev cob cog rua rau lub zoo ncej ntawm lub roj teeb, nws muab kaw rau hauv Circuit Court, nws mus rau hluav taws xob tam sim no. Xws li Nqus hnub ci hlwb yuav tig rau los yog tawm hauv lub relay.

Los ntawm combining hnub ci hlwb thiab relays, koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug ntau yam "pom" cov cav tov, piv txwv li, lub tshuab nyob rau hauv lub subway.

Yog li ntawd, yog pw nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ntau muaj dab, lwm photoelectric nyhuv raws li tus poj cev discoveries twb tseem ceeb mus rau lub kev vam meej cov lag luam uas muaj automation.