"Totleben" (Fort): keeb kwm, duab, chaw nyob

Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm ib tug txawj ntse tub rog engineers, uas nws tswv yim no tau qhib ib tug tshiab era nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm fortification, lub teeb Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (1818-1884) ob forts npe hu ua. Nws qhia lub tswvyim khiav counter mus rau lub feem ntau txais qauv nyob rau hauv kev kos duab rau ntawm tsov ua rog, thiab cov kev tau nyob rau hauv lub Crimea thiab sab hnub tuaj phiaj los nqis tes yuav tsim zoo dua defenses thaum lub sij hawm ntawm fortification ntsuas.

carte blanche

Tus thawj fortification, uas bears lub npe ntawm "Totleben" - fort fortress nyob rau hauv Kerch. Eduard Ivanovich, uas tas nyob rau hauv 1859 raws li thawj coj ntawm lub engineering department ntawm cov tub rog department, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub Kerch fortress enjoyed tag nrho cov cog qoob loo thiab kev pab txhawb nqa ntawm Alexander II. Nyob rau hauv 1872, ua hauj lwm rau tag cov kev siv tau ua tiav thiab txaus siab rau tus vaj ntxwv, los tshaj muaj mus xyuas. Thiab yog li ntawd lub ntsiab fortification fortress yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Alexander II, lub npe ntawm "Totleben". Fort yog nyob rau hauv lub narrowest ib sab ntawm lub Strait ntawm Kerch, on Cape AK-breaker.

Cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog engineering

Cov fortress nws tus kheej ua tau bypass lub Treaty ntawm Paris 1856 , txwv tsis pub muaj Russia muaj ib tug rog thiab nqaum chaw tiv thaiv. Ib hom ntawm qhov av kaw neeg los yog fortress nyob rau hauv ib tug fortress hu ua "Totleben". Fort kev cob cog rua rau cov qauv los ntawm tus coos 600 'meter' qhov. Qhov no stronghold ua tau 20 xyoo thiab yog ib tug ntawm ob feem ntau spectacular thiab qhov tseem ceeb nqaum strongholds, ua nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo - Kerch thiab Kronstadt. Dub hiav txwv fort yog zoo tagnrho thiab zoo meej strengthening - muab nws yog tag nrho cov mus txog rau lub xeem kom meej, cia rau qhov chaw nres tsheb nquab. Barracks rau cov tub rog, latrines, dej cia, underground kuv qhov thiab ntau - tag nrho cov ua tau nrog cov sau thaum lub sij hawm tus tiv thaiv ntawm Sevastopol kev kawm txawj thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm lub defenders ntawm lub fortress, uas yog cov builders tau ua li cas rau feem ntau pom thiab them tag nrho cov pob zeb lug underground.

Tsis muaj

Thaum no tus taw tes, lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm Crimea - 110 meters, nyob qhov twg muaj ib tug monument rau lub ntse heev ntawm cov tub rog engineering, hu ua "Totleben" nyob rau hauv nws yawm. Fort ntug dej roj teeb them los ntawm lub mainland. Fortress "Kerch" yog tam sim no tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws mob - nws twb tso tseg. Tab sis qho coj tours yog muaj tsis tu ncua. Tam sim no pej xeem thauj mus rau nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim - shuttle №6, departing los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb npav, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau lub stop "Woodworking ceg". Tom ntej no - tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ko taw. Tsis ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia - orientation rau lub navigator los yog los ntawm nug cov neeg hauv zos. Tus kheej thauj tau mus rau qhov kawg ntawm Taman Street, dua nyob rau hauv lub collective ua liaj ua teb, lub xeem taw tes uas yog ib tug fortress.

Ib tug ntawm cov forts ntawm Kronstadt

Ib tug ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov defensive system ntawm Kronstadt kuj bears lub npe ntawm E. I. Totlebena. Rau qhov kev siv ntawm no fort pib tom qab kev tsim kho ntawm lub citadel ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv (1872). Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1879, pib ib qhov project, lub hauv paus uas muaj ob dag islands - lub hauv paus rau lub ob forts ua los ntawm cov coastline. Conventionally, lawv tau xaiv "A" fort thiab cov fort "B". Tus thawj yog nyob rau hauv lub shallows nyob rau hauv 10 km ntawm lub island ntawm Kotlin thiab 4 km ntawm Sestroretsk, thib ob - 7 kilometers sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub fort "A" thiab 4 km ntawm Kotlina. Fort "A" tau raug nqi lub txhab nyiaj 6.5 million rubles. kub fort "B" - 7 lab rubles. Ua hauj lwm rau qhov kev siv ntawm defensive tej hauj lwm yog yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav los ntawm 1903, tab sis los ntawm lub sij hawm no cia li nchuav thiab tam cov kob. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1913, lub chaw tiv thaiv tau muab tso rau hauv lub lag luam. Tom qab tag kev ua hauj lwm fort "A" twb renamed "Totleben", nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm kev noj ib yam ib feem nyob rau hauv nws cov kev siv ntawm cov tub rog engineer, thiab lub thib ob kwv yog hu ua "Obruchev".

Tag nrho cov muaj

Fort "Totleben" (yees duab txuas) yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsab ntawv "C". Lub pem hauv ntej ib feem ntawm nws tau raug deployed rau sab hnub poob - nyob mus ib txhis yeeb ncuab ntawm Russia. Lub pem hauv ntej ib feem, muaj raws ntawm peb cov nplais, thiab ob tug nkhaus sab nrog mus txog ib tug ntev ntawm 700 meters, ib tug dav Siv yog 50 meters.

Thaum nws siv tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub tu siab kev ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Japanese kev tsov kev rog thiab tus ua txoj kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub artillery. "Totleben" yog ib tug tub rog lub zos, muab txhua yam tsim nyog nyob rau hauv view ntawm niaj hnub ua rog. Ib tug interesting tseeb, raws li cov tsarist tsoom fwv muab kev kho mob ntawm nws cov tub rog. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub fort muaj ib tug Desalination System thiab nws purification, 6 diesel generators, dej phwj rau thiab dej, nyiam barracks rau 800 cov neeg thiab cov neeg khiav dej num corps, tsev kho mob, khw muag tshuaj, bakery thiab lub tsev teev ntuj, cinematography thiab ib chav qiv, da, warehouses thiab glacier, lub hlua taws xob thiab cov xov tooj pauv . Nyob rau nraum qab sab ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj yuav tsum tau txoj kev lub tsev hais plaub, nrog uas yog cov kev.

relentless lub sij hawm

Ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm engineering yog tus fort "Totleben". Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub txuas ntxiv hav zoov ntawm no kim heev thiab nthuav yam khoom bleak. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, nws tau muab lub npe tshiab ntawm "Pervomayskaya". Nyob rau hauv kev ncaj ncees nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv 1923, lub 10-nti phom twb hloov los ntawm ib tug txhaj tshuaj los ntawm cov cruiser "Rurik", lawv ntau ntau yam ntau zog los ntawm lub qub 18 mus rau 20 km. Systematically ua kho vaj tse.

Fort coj nyob rau hauv lub Soviet-Finnish tsov rog ntawm active kev koom tes. Xeem renovation twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1950-1954 xyoo. Ces txhua yam mus downhill - nyob rau hauv 1955 lub garrison twb disbanded thiab rho artillery, txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm accounting nyob rau hauv lub 1957th fort, thiab txij li thaum 1958 ib zaug haib fortification sawv tas thiab tsis saib tsis xyuas.

unpunished kev tsoo vaj tse

Tsis muaj dab tsi hloov thaum "Totleben" twb npaum li cas nyob rau Executive Committee ntawm lub Leningrad City Council thiab qhov nqi koj tshuav nyob rau hauv 1990 nkag mus hauv lub UNESCO daim ntawv teev. Qhov zoo hnub no rov qab, thaum lub 90-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem pib mus nrhiav ib tug kwv saib xyuas thiab artist los ntawm St. Petersburg Vladimir Tkachenko, uas yog tus commander ntawm ib tug volunteer. Nws tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov lus tiam sis nyob rau hauv tej kev ua ntxuav, kho thiab nruab fort "Totleben". Yuav ua li cas kom tau no? Lo lus nug no yog tsis tau ua ntej lub barbarians, uas tuaj nyob rau cov dej khov nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no ntawm 2008. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm V. Tkachenko tau puas lawm, nws twb mangled, hlawv thiab looted. Thiab nyob qhov twg cov neeg ua hauj ntsia muaj zog point ntawm lub Xwm Ceev Ministry, hosted ntawm no nyob rau hauv 1999?

Lub caij ntuj sov tours ntawm lub Gulf ntawm Finland

Tam sim no tus kwv ntsia tom qab los ntawm pab dawb cov chav nyob thiab nrhiav-thiab-cawm units "puam". Mus saib lub fort tsis tau, txawm li cas los, raws li ib feem ntawm qhov ncig xyuas tsis muaj tshwj xeeb kev tso cai thiab cov ntaub ntawv raws li sai tau. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm ib lub koom haum mus ntsib? Lawv yog nqa tawm tsuas nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lub sij hawm, qhov kev txiav txim yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm tus xov tooj muaj nyob rau hauv phau ntawv.

Lub xaav muaj lub sij hawm mus saib ob peb zoo sib xws khoom Gulf, tsis yog ib tug fort "Totleben". Qhov ncig saib muaj xws li mus ntsib mus rau cov nram no - "Thawj yav qab teb" forts "Alexander kuv ntawm", "Milutin", "Obruchev" thiab "Totleben".

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, txhua yam yog yooj yim. Raws li sau tseg saum toj no, koj yuav tau txais rau cov dej khov rau hauv lub Gulf ntawm Finland, nws yuav tsum tso cai rau mus saib lub fort "Totleben". Yuav ua li cas kom tau nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov? Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub ncig saib. Independent sij hawm tuaj txog rau ntawm lub tej nkoj nquam thiab hauv tej nkoj nquam yog txwv tsis pub, vim hais tias qhov uas yuav yog zoo heev rau lub neej. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, muaj ntau ntau yam zoov tsis hais mus saib lub fort, raws li zoo raws li tus tswv ntawm tej nkoj nquam muaj, npaj txhij rau qhov kev tsim nyog xiab mus ua txhaum cov kev cai.