T-72: yam ntxwv thiab cov duab. T-72 "Ural" - lub ntsiab sib ntaus sib tua tank USSR

Txawm tias ua ntej lub serial ntau lawm ntawm T-62 tso tsheb hlau luam, cov thawj ntawm cov designer L. N. Kartsevym Ural carriage nroj tsuag twb npaj siab los txhim kho tus qauv los ntawm qhov chaw kawm ib tug tshiab cav, ntau haib, thiab ntau rau pem hauv ntej-tom nrhiav chassis. Nws nyob li T-72 tank. tsheb yam ntxwv cai raws li ib tug loj armored tsheb.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1961 tus thawj ob daim ntawv ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau ua, thiab lawv tau soj ntsuam kuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ceev hom - thawj cov nroj tsuag, ces nyob rau lub site. Nruas differed modernize, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm tag nrho nws cov zoo, cov nroj tsuag tsis tau txais official tso cai rau tus zus tau tej cov tshiab tank. Xyoo tom qab xyoo, nyob rau hauv tus qauv tau los ua ib co kev hloov:

1. Thawj zaug nws twb xav tias cov neeg coob ntawm tus T-72 tank, uas muaj peb - commander, gunner thiab tsav tsheb.
2. Lub tank twb nruab nrog ib rab phom autoloaders thiab armor tiv thaiv tswvyim raws li SRI hlau.
3. Chassis qauv npaj uas tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 40 tons.

Tab sis cov kev hloov no tsis tau tau npaum li cas, tsuas yog ob tug sab Gearboxes raug sab laug.

Nta tank layout

T-72 - tank, yus classical siv, thaum qhov kev sib cais quab yuam yog nyob rau ntawm lub siab tawv. Management yog teem nyob rau hauv lub rau pem hauv ntej ib feem ntawm lub tsheb, ntawm no yog nyob rau hauv lub roj tank, lub tank-khib phaj tswj pab kiag li lawm ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb, hluav taws xob cov khoom.

Ceg kev tswj muaj xws li cov neeg kho tshuab rooj, uas tswj lub tank T-72. Saum toj no cov neeg tsav tsheb lub rooj zaum muaj ib tug daug. Lub kuv armor phaj ntsia ib tug ntaus ntawv uas tso cai rau kom saib xyuas qhov teeb meem no. Cov neeg tsav tsheb tso thaum tsav tsheb hais tias cov judicious tsim ntawm lub rooj zaum nyob rau hauv lub qab ntawm lub tank.

sib ntaus sib tua compartment

Cov neeg coob compartment nyob rau hauv lub tank yog tshuav nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub nkoj thiab lub turret, uas yog cais los ntawm lub hwj chim pob nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb muab faib. Zoo thought-tawm tsim pub ib qho yooj yim zog ntawm neeg coob neeg los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm rau chaw ua hauj lwm. Comfort thiab ergonomics - lub ntsiab sib txawv, uas muaj peev xwm khav ntawm T-72 tank. Yam ntxwv ntawm nws raws li ib tug kev sib ntaus los txog ntsha tseem yog impressive:

1. Lub tank yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug smoothbore phom ntauwd 125 hli, cov uas them tshuab thiab hluav taws tswj seev.
2. Txoj cai los ntawm rab phom yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug commander thiab gunner tso mus rau sab laug.
3. Nyob rau hauv rab phom rau sab xis muaj ib tug PKT tshuab rab phom, thiab saum toj no nws rests on taub txuas puag yeeb nkab-rangefinder pom.
4. Chaw Ua Hauj Lwm commander txaus nyiam cov khoom: nws muaj qhov hluav taws xob tshuab rab phom stopper, tank ntsug kev taw qhia, xov tooj cua, ib tug tshwj xeeb apparatus, los ntawm kev uas sab nraum yog kev cob cog rua lub qhov tsaws, lub kiv cua tsav ntawm lub commander ntawm tus pej thuam.
5. commander ntawm lub pej thuam yog them nrog ib tug hau phaj Torsion bar.
6. Commander lub cupola yog txawm peem rau nrog ob tug soj pab kiag li lawm TNP-160 thiab commanding lub ntaus ntawv TKN-3.

Lub sib ntaus sib tua compartment yog tseem txawm peem rau nrog lub twj paj nruag thiab mechanisms kom yooj yim ntawm kev siv ntawm lub tank.

hwj chim pob

Lub aft feem muaj ib tug kev sib cais quab yuam. Cav tank T-72 yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj sab, thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog ib tug muab faib rau cov lub cev muaj zog txias system, cov roj lim, lub surge tank valve. Nyob rau sab xis mounted cua purifier. Lub tsev nyob muaj ib daim ntawv pub, nyob rau lub txias system nyob. Nws yuav los nruab nrog ntxiv sib cais quab yuam thiab lub ntsiab roj tank, uas ua rau kom lub cav lubrication. Hwj chim chaw ua hauj lwm kaw lub hau. Kev noj Roj tank T-72 100 km raws li nram no:

• thaum tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv lub hauv av - L 260-450;
• rau leem txoj kev - 240 l.

lub cev nta

Ib qho ntawm feem nrov Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam - T-72 tank. Yam ntxwv ntawm nws raws li ib tug sib ntaus sib tua yuav tsis tiav yog hais tias tsis mus piav qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev. Lub tsev nyob ntawm cov qauv no - nws yog ib tug tawv rooj plaub, cov welded armor daim hlau. Ntawm no yog lub qhov ntswg feem cov txheej txheem, sab pub, hauv qab, cov phab ntsa thiab cua ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab lub ru tsev ntawm lub hwj chim pob.

Pem taub hau daim ntawv - ib tug multilayer barrier puas ntawm hlau thiab fiberglass, lub thickness ntawm cov uas yuav muab ib tug coj resistant txheej. Cov sab ntawm lub cev yog muaj zog los ntawm ntsug armor phaj, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem yog supplemented los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib daim hlab. Lawv lub hom phiaj - los ua kom lub internal ntim ntawm lub enclosure thiab nruab rau hauv lawv lub pej thuam. Tag nrho perimeter ntawm lub sab yog welded nkhaus, uas yog mounted rau lub kauj log.

T-72 - ib tug nrov Soviet tank uas tshwm sim hwm ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Pub nws lub tsev yog armor phaj siab tawv. Raws li kev tiv thaiv mounted kiv cua ua kom xav tsis thoob. Nws yog ib tug volute nruab nrog ib tug tshem tau pem hauv ntej thiab sab daim hlau. Lub tsev nyob muaj ib tug kiv cua txias, thiab qhov hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm partitions - Workers cov ndlwg ntawm huab cua. Cov sab ntawm lub tank supplemented nrog ib tug tiab muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 3 hli thiab ua los ntawm txhuas hlau. Kom txuag tau tus xeev ntawm lub tank thaum tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv yooj yim roob hav, lub ntxaij vab tshaus yuav muab tso nyob rau hauv lub stowed txoj hauj lwm - pre-thauj lawv mus rau lub sab ntawm cov hmoov av flaps. Thaum ib tug T-72 sib ntaus sib tua, hmoov av shields yuav deployed rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60 degrees.

Yuav ua li cas puas muaj tus pej thuam lawm?

Siv los tsim nws los ntawm qhov zoo li tus casting armor steel, nws yog welded mus rau lub sab saum toj ntawm lub ru tsev thiab ib lub taub hau uas tiv thaiv rau lub hauv paus yeeb nkab-pom rangefinder. Ntauwd txawv monolithic qauv, nyob rau ntawm cov phab ntsa thickness txawv. Lub pem hauv ntej ib feem yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug lub qhov uas rab phom yog ntsia, lub sab nto - arc lub puab tsaig, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov booking ntawm lub plhaub.

Txoj cai ntawm cov phom muab rau ib tug embrasures uas yog coaxial tshuab rab phom. Tau sab laug rab phom bracket, nyob rau lub illuminator yog mounted hmo ntuj pom nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog ib tug raj, los ntawm kev uas yog noj rau cov phom hluav taws xob Actuator. Lub sab laug ib nrab ntawm lub ru tsev daug muaj ib lub hauv paus, qhov twg gunner nyob. Ntauwd yam hydraulic thiab phau ntawv mechanism. Tag nrho cov no distinguishes lub T-72 tank, uas feature tso cai rau kos lub xaus hais txog cov sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm lub armored tsheb.

tank weaponry

turret nruab nrog ib tug smoothbore phom D-81TM, nws yog paired nrog lwm rab phom, thiab lawv nyob ruaj hauv ob dav hlau kev taw qhia. Chim ntawm rab phom - ib tug raj uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub casing lub tes tsho, lub breech mechanism thiab yaug kais dej. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj rau nozzles. phom shutter txawv semi-automatic hom kev lag luam. Tua ntau yam ntawm tank T-72 raws li nram no:

• thaum firing armor-tho projectiles, thiab cov cumulative deb yog 4000 m;
• thaum uas siv cov high-heev zoo li nws tus nqi nce mus txog 5000 m;
• thaum shooting thaum hmo ntuj nws yog sib npaug zos rau 800 m;
• thaum zoo li no raug rho tawm haujlwm nrog ib tug sab theem siv high-heev zoo li, firing ntau yuav ncav cuag 9400 m.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias rau lub automatic them ntawm txawv nqe ntaus rog phom tua tus nqi rau 8 rounds ib feeb, nrog phau ntawv them ntawm - 1-2 txhaj tshuaj ib feeb.

Tua ntau yam ntawm T-72 yog muab Stereoscopic monocular pom-rangefinder nruab nrog ntxiv ywj siab stabilization ntawm lub nrig txog kev pom teb. Siv pom lub hom phiaj deb ntsuas nyob rau hauv ntau 1000-4000 m nrog ib tug neeg ntawm 3-5 feem pua. Yog hais tias lub firing yog ua thaum hmo ntuj, ib tug tshwj xeeb tsaus ntuj pom nrog ib tug teeb pom kev zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub IR lim.

Commander tus Tower yog txawm peem rau nrog anti-aircraft phom, uas tso cai rau koj mus tua nyob rau saum huab cua thiab hauv av lub hom phaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm T-72 ntawm TTX tank nram qab no: nyob rau hauv lub distal cua lub hom phaj firing yog ua ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 1500 m nyob rau hauv hauv av - mus txog rau 2000 m antiaircraft tank installation muaj xws li :.

• tshuab rab phom NSV 12.7 hli;
• menyuam txaj nrog recoil ntaus ntawv;
• anti-aircraft pom;
• lis, uas ncaj ntsuas horizontally thiab mas;
• kav rau zoo li;
• ntsuas mechanism.

Ntsiab zoo li

Ib qho ntawm feem haib armored sib ntaus sib tua Lavxias teb sab ntawm tag nrho cov sij hawm - lub T-72. Riam phom assumes nram qab no rounds:

• Automaton AKMS 7,62 hli;
• teeb liab pistols;
• 10 tes grenades.

Lub tank muaj ib tug ob-dav hlau stabilizer caj npab electrohydraulic, uas yog nrog ib tug optical pom-rangefinder. Lub ntsiab hom phiaj ntawm qhov no complex yog:

1. Yeej kom rab phom thiab ib tug tshuab rab phom nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam txoj hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm lub zog ntawm lub tank.
2. Inducing ib stabilized phom thiab rab phom ntseeg nkaws kho cov kev ceev cov kev taw qhia.
3. Bridging unstabilized phom nyob rau hauv ib tug kab rov tav dav hlau.
4. Tsim hom phiaj ntawm lub tank commander mus rau lub gunner.
5. Thaum muaj xwm ceev tig lub pej thuam ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb.

Nrog stabilizer muab angular tshaj tawm, uas yog vim raug yuam los ntawm ib tug mas phom nyob rau hauv tsis siv neeg hom. Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm tank mos txwv - 39 txhaj tshuaj rau cov phom, 2000 rounds ntawm cov mos txwv rau hauv lub tshuab rab phom PKT, 300 rounds ntawm cov mos txwv rau tshuab, 12 cartridges rau lub teeb liab rab yaj phom thiab 300 rounds ntawm cov mos txwv rau cov anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom.

nta them

Thaum lub T-72 muaj ib tug ntau ntawm electromechanical, uas cia li tsub rab phom. Nws muaj ib yam conveyor, lifting mechanism cassettes, pallet tshem tawm mechanism loading pas nrig, dynamoelectric stopper phom, nco thiab tswj unit.

USSR sib ntaus sib tua tank nruab nrog ib yam conveyor uas yog mounted rau lub tshuab ncej thiab muaj xws li ib tug ncej, ib tug electromechanical Actuator cover, kaw lub dispensing mechanism sash qhov rais, lub hau thiab tes tsav. Nyob rau hauv tus ncej 22 tso cassettes, nws yog ib tug khoom welded siv. Cov kab xev yog welded thiab ob tug kav xav tau kom haum raws li ntau hom ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj.

Nta ntawm fais fab nroj tsuag

Apparatus tank T-72 qhia rau hauv muaj ib tug hloov powerplant. Nws yog ib tug diesel cav nrog 780 horsepower, uas yog supplemented nrog kua txias system thiab tus tsav centrifugal supercharger. Cav luj yog 980 kg, nws yog ntsia tau rau hauv ib lub hwj chim chaw nres tsheb. Multi-roj cav yuav khiav rau ntau hom ntawm diesel, petrol thiab kerosene. Tab sis lub ntsiab roj - diesel. tank cav fais fab yog muaj 4 sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov 5 roj tso tsheb hlau luam.

Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov huv cua uas nkag mus rau hauv thooj voos kheej kheej ntawm lub cav, lub tank ntxiv yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug ob-theem cua nqus tsev vacuum uas tshem tawm plua plav los ntawm hmoov av collector. Purification yog ua nyob rau hauv ob peb mus, thiab ces lim los 99.8 feem pua cua nkag mus rau hauv engine.

Lub apparatus ntawm lub T-72 qhia hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lubricant thiab cua txias system. Lub lubrication system yog circulating thiab ua ke, thiab lub txias system - cov kua thiab kaw, nws yog supplemented los ntawm yuam kev. Qhov tshwj xeeb cua sov system puv lub engine thiab koom tes rau lub tshuab ua ntej lub community launch.

Tank T-72 nruab nrog ib phau ntawv kis tau tus mob nrog ib tug hydraulic tswj nrog rau ib tug guitar thiab ob transmissions. Guitar hu ua ib tug iav reducer tias transmits torque rau cov kis.

Chassis thiab cov khoom siv

Combat luj ntawm T-72 yog 44,5 tons, thaum lub sij hawm undercarriage - ib tug lis rau rubberized chais thiab peb uni-directional cov menyuam, rear tsav log kho, cov kauj nrog ib tug crank mechanism. Lub tank muaj ib tug neeg Torsion ncua kev kawm ntawv, uas tsub kom lub hydraulic poob siab absorbers thiab rau kev pab txhawb nqa chais. Tus menyuam kab yuav muaj me me thiab units nrog lub xov tooj ntawm cov khau 97 nyob rau ntawd.

Ntawm ntxiv li rau lub tank yuav tau muab sau tseg, thiab lub xov tooj cua kev sib txuas lus ntaus ntawv, tsim rau plaub subscribers. Lub xov tooj cua chaw nres tsheb ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug transceiver thiab ib tug xov tooj txawb, muab cov kev sib txuas lus ntau yam txog li 20 km. Lub transceiver 1261 ua hauj lwm nyob rau kev khiav hauj lwm zaus, lub teeb liab kis tau tus mob thiab txais tos yog ua nyob rau hauv ib qho zaus.

kev tiv thaiv systems

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus luj ntawm lub T-72 yog impressive, nws twb nruab nrog ntxiv systems uas tiv thaiv armored tsheb riam phom uas huab hwm coj puas tsuaj. Systems yuav tiv thaiv tau lub tank thiab nws nrog cov khoom los ntawm cov poob siab yoj, tawg los ntawm ib tug nuclear tawg, kom ntseeg tau txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov neeg coob thaum raug tshuaj lom kab mob los yog lom riam phom.

moj tej tawg tiv thaiv nqa tawm elaborate armor, raws li zoo raws li high-zoo sealing. Hauv lub tank, ib tug tshwj xeeb txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv uas, nrog rau cov sib ntaus sib tua compartment thiab tsav tsheb compartment yog securely kaw. Cov kev tiv thaiv system ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib lub teeb thiab suab tswb, thiab lwm yam uas cov tawg theem ntawm redundancy nyob rau hauv lub tank siab thiab muaj cov tshuaj lom tshuaj sab nraum thereof.

Hluav Taws extinguishing System yog ib tug peb-liter ntim uas yog lawm ua tus sau nrog extinguishant thiab kuj peb pipelines, uas txuas lub thooj voos kheej kheej thiab ceg, thiab cuaj kub sensors. Ib tug tshwj xeeb system ntawm rov txiav txim ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov pa luam yeeb. Nws sau nyob rau hauv diesel roj.

Ntawm ntxiv khoom tank T-72 tej zaum yuav tau hais system rau underwater tsav tsheb, uas tso cai rau overcome obstacles nyob rau hauv dej tob ntawm 5 m thiab ib tug dav ntawm mus txog 1000 m. Tus qauv ntawm no ntaus ntawv kuj muaj xws li lifejackets qhov ncauj qhov ntswg tsim rau tag nrho cov neeg coob cov tswv cuab.

Modifications tank T-72

Tag nrho cov xyoo ntawm tso tawm tank twb qhia nyob rau hauv yim yooj yim qauv: T-72, T-72M thiab T-72M1, T-72C thiab lawv ntau ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog nquag muag txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws xws li Czechoslovakia, Poland, East lub teb chaws Yelemees, Hungary thiab Bulgaria. Raws li ntawm 2007, cov armored tsheb nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub teb chaws - Algeria, Vietnam, Libya, Macedonia, Kyrgyzstan, thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. Tank T-72 twb siv feem nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws raws li ib lub hauv paus rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm engineering, tshwj xeeb thiab cov tub rog tsheb.

T-72 - yog lub Ural tank uas tau ntev tau pom tias yog ib ntawm cov feem ntau haib thiab txhim khu kev qha tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub USSR tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lub upgraded version yog tseem ua nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws, thaum lossi kev txhim kho cov kev tswj system thiab lub hwj chim khoom.