Subway qhov. Tsam ntawm Moscow

Classic qhov underground nyob rau hauv Moscow tau ua tsis muaj ib tug uas twb muaj lawm txoj kev npaj tsis npaj ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev. Qhov no tau coj mus rau ib tug tej yam chaos nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm lub thauj system, uas yog muaj rau hnub no. Tam sim no tswj hwm los ntawm ntau cov kev cai, raws li cov ntaub ntawv SNIP 32-02-2003.

Nws tsim ib tug underground thauj system?

Tus thawj subway qhov, nws twb txiav txim siab los pib lub tsev nyob rau hauv 1931. Tsim tej yaam num nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm geological cov ntaub ntawv. Ntaub ntawv rau hauv lub tsev thaum lub sij hawm tau xaiv los ntawm vaj tse, uas tau tseem puas lawm.

subway qhov twb khawb thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo, hais txog 2 lab cubic meters shipped rau lub creation ntawm ntev shafts. Hais txog 88 txhiab tons ntawm hlau tau siv rau paving txoj kev thiab ntxiv dag zog rau ntawm vaults. Tus thawj tsev muaj ib tug ntoo qauv thiab nruab nrog loj heev rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv.

Subway qhov muaj pov thawj kim project, nws coj ntau tshaj li 800 lab rubles. Tam qhob arches tau tom qab hloov los ntawm rubble, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm los mus siv cov thawj version ntawm lub tsev. Zij arches tau ntxiv dag zog rau hlau tubing, ntawm waterproofing ntaub ntawv xaiv vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas, asphalt, bitumen kev sib tw.

Tej designs yuav tsum tau ceev faj thiab kev txij nkawm, uas yog tsis muaj tsawg kim tom qab launching ntawm tus kwv. Tsam ntawm Moscow yog hnav ntau lub xyoo thiab yuav tsum tau reconstruction, piv rau tus nqi ntawm luam ib tug tshiab qhov. Yog li ntawd, tshiab tej yaam num twb muaj kev xaiv rau rov qab nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb xyoo lawm thiab koom nrog lub Modernization ntawm vaj tse.

Ntaub ntawv rau hauv thaum ntxov subway

Qhov kev tsim kho tau nqa tawm ua kev reinforced slabs, mus rau uas tus txheej khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm gravel, av tsim. Vaulted ceilings muab lub dag lub zog thiab kev cia siab ntawm lug. Nyob rau hauv qhib qhov chaw ntawm lub underground txoj kev ua ncaj nraim ceilings. Muab qhov tsis muaj terrestrial load txoj kev ua nyob rau hauv ib lub zam.

Qhov tseem lossi. Moscow yog loj hlob, thiab muaj zog yuav tsum tau rau cov neeg nrog caij tsheb thauj mus los. Ntaub ntawv ua ntej lawm siv tsis tau khaws cia tam sim no ceev thiab kev siv ntawm lub zog ntawm lub tsheb. Tab sis rau ncig zoo ntawm ntau tseem fwm rau hnub no. Qhov no qauv yog yooj yim thiab ntau txhim khu kev qha yuav tsum raug rho tawm los ntawm cov dej uas ntws hla lub taub hau ntawm cov pej xeem thaum lub sij hawm ib qho chaw twg rau lub subway.

Tsam ntawm Moscow muaj ob peb theem ntawm tso underground. Qhov no yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kom tsis txhob hla kab. Tus qauv nws tus kheej muaj ib tug ncaj qha coob uas xam nrog luag tsam thiab mus ncig teb chaws ntau. Tag nrho cov ceg yog kev cob cog rua ntawm zaus uas tswj zog tshaj ntev ncua kev los ntawm ib tug complex lawv.

Tus ntaus ntawv subway

Subways subway noj yog arc-zoo li tus arches zoo xws li cov ntau. Qhov twg tau nruab nrog ib tug platform rau nce thiab alighting ntawm coob uas xam nrog, tsim txhawb txhua. Nws kuj nqa tawm sab qaum kev ib arcuate yam.

Peb mus muab cov platform ntawm lub lem los pab txhawb lub embarkation thiab disembarkation ntawm coob uas xam nrog. Txawm li cas los, ib co noj tseem muaj sab platforms, xws kev txhawj xeeb chaw nres tsheb "Comintern". Los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub platform feem ntau nyob chaw ua hauj lwm qhov chaw, yam tsawg kawg tso lawv nyob rau hauv lub tswb feem, nyob qhov twg muaj ib tug sib sib zog nqus theem ntawm tso lub lem.

Subway ntau kawg tuag kawg ceg, qhov twg compositions yog tsim rau lub zog nyob rau hauv kev coj rov qab. Tseem muaj kev hloov ntawm faulty lub taub dej khawb tso tsheb hlau luam rau cia tsheb. Nyob rau ib co tseem khiav deadlocks yog ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-deb u. Cov tam sim no paths yog muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb "Komsomolskaya", nws yog nyob rau hauv lub nroog qhov chaw. Qhov kev ntsuas no yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej yog ib tug ntau khaus zog ntawm u.

nta

Underground subway yog tsis muab ib tug xov tooj ntawm ntau ntau, uas yuav pab tau npaj lub zoo routing system. Noj muaj nyob rau hauv taug kev ze ntawm txhua lwm yam. Nws tob mas nws txawv nyob rau hauv lub nram qab no txwv:

• Sib sib zog nqus ntau - loj xam los ntawm lub platform nto txoj kev kawm thiab sostalyaet los ntawm 16 mus rau 35 meters.
• Deg ntau raug nteg ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 7 mus rau 9 meters.
• Ntau nruab nrab tob cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib theem ntawm 9 thiab 16 meters.

Qhov ntev ntawm lub tsau noj, tsim los rau 8 lub tsheb. Ib tug dav yog hom twg los ntawm 10 mus rau 21 meters, nyob ntawm seb ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub ntau. Txhua chav yog txawm peem rau nrog ib qho xwm ceev teeb pom kev zoo nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm ceev. Norma tib teeb pom kev zoo ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ib lub koom haum raws li tus txheej txheem, cim tias seb thaum cov yuav tsum tau 100 lux.

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb mas nws txawv ntawm 500 rau 1400 meters. Ntau nrog nqa, xa mus rau raws li Escalators, yog xav nyob rau ntawm ib kaum sab xis ntawm 30 degrees rau cov kab rov tav. Cua sov yog muab los ntawm huab cua ntau spans rau noj li cais tau txias paths.

chav tsev kho kom zoo nkauj

Ib txhia noj yuav mus rau lub architectural cuab yeej cuab tam. Txhua yam ntawm lawv nws muaj nws tus kheej txoj kev uas nws. Yuav kom tiav yav tas los siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li granite thiab marble. Patterned nto sau txhua, phab ntsa, arches. Twb illuminated los ntawm loj heev teeb pom kev zoo fixtures.

Railway ntau yog waypoint khiav zoo xws li cov metro. Yog hais tias qhov kev kawm, ib tug pa tsheb yuav xyuam xim ua raws li cov underground ceg. Tshiab subway kev feem ntau tshooj nrog uas twb muaj lawm w / e txoj kev, ua rau nws yooj yim mus modernize lub subway thiab qhib cov tshiab ceg.

Teeb pom kev zoo ntawm ntau nyob ib ncig ntawm lub moos. Yuav kom tshem tawm failures taw teeb muaj liab thiab ntsuab lub teeb liab yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub subway. Txwv tsis pub lub teeb tsav tsheb yuav tsis tau overcome. Nws muab nws pib-xauv system thaum lub brakes tshuab txais ntawm nws tus kheej dawm taw rau ib tug tshwj xeeb carriage qib.

automation

Thauj qhov yog ib tug complex qauv, nruab nrog kev teem sij hawm systems, kev tiv thaiv mechanisms uas tswj pab kiag li lawm. Thaum lub ntug ntawm lub qhov stretch mov kab uas muaj DC voltage ntawm 825 volts. Tsim qhov yuav tsum tau tus nqi ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb sub-chaw nres tsheb, nyob sib sib zog nqus underground.

Cov kev carriage 4 yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug 150 kW tsav. Lub brakes ntawm txhua lub tsheb khiav rau tshuab khiav nrog hluav taws xob tsav. Automation system muab tej lub tsheb ciav hlau tsheb nrog repetition luv ntawm 1.75 feeb. Ceev ntawm txhua lub tsheb ciav hlau yog kwv yees li ib nrab kev ceev ntawm 40 kilometers moos. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ua tau rau txhua lub tsheb 75 km ib teev. Niaj hnub nimno u yuav ua raws li sai npaum li cas, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau mus tsim tshiab mus ncig teb chaws kab.

Options rau txoj kev modernize

Mus cuag cov ua hauj tuition ntawm ntau yuav tsum tau tas li saib xyuas thiab xov rau sab hauv. Nws yog koom nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm cov koom haum nrog nws kim heev kev nyob rau hauv kev xws ua hauj lwm. Rau qhov no, lub strengthening ntawm vaults thiab ntau nqa qhov chaw.

Kev txhim kho cov dej kuj ntawm lub hauv paus thiab xov cov ntaub ntawv. Tshem tawm ntawm sau dej nyob rau hauv cov stocks. Hloov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov uas nyob ib sab av. Hloov ntawm lov qhov chaw ntawm kev reinforced. Rau lub hom phiaj no lub txhaj tshuaj ntawm lub ntsiab rau hauv lub tsim muaj kab noj hniav, cov newest waterproofing cov ntaub ntawv, thiab dej-pov thawj txheej.

lub xeev tswj

Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej yog lossi saib xyuas pawg neeg uas muaj peev xwm raws sij hawm ntes voids nyob rau hauv lub vaults, tawg nyob rau hauv load-tau cov kabmob qhov chaw ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub hauv paus. Tsis ntev los no tsim tau instrumentation pab qhia qhov tsawg tshaj plaws pib dab nyob rau hauv pob zeb, hlau qhov chaw.

Rau arches ntau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob tshem tawm ntawm cov av yuav tsum vov lub txheej fortification phab ntsa. Yuav kom tshem tawm cov tsis zoo los ntawm siv lug txhaj txoj kev. Tuab kua muaj pes tsawg leeg yog txhaj rau hauv lub tsim qhov chaw, hloov lub zog ntawm cov av. Ib txhij, lub puab chaw ntawm qhov kev nqa vlagozaderzhivayuschimi tshuaj.