Submarine "Lada", project 677

Tub rog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv muaj ib tug loj ntawm thawj nta. Tsis muaj lub zem lub naval kev pab cuam yeej ib txwm raug suav hais tias yog tshwj xeeb tsim txiaj, thiab lub npe ntawm cov "Admiral" yuav luag ib txwm muaj nuj nqis siab tshaj generals. Ib tug ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv dej yog hais tias koj muaj peev xwm ib txwm tos rau ib qho kev tua tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau ib feem ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nto ships thiab aircraft, tab sis kuj los ntawm nyob rau hauv cov dej.

German submarines yog ib tug tiag tiag npau suav phem rau cov phoojywg thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, xa lab ntawm tons ntawm cov khoom thiab phav phav ships mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub Atlantic. Lub Soviet Union menyuam lub German pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub submarine fleet, pib nyob rau hauv lub postwar lub sij hawm tshaj txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv no cov kev taw qhia.

Thaum pronouncing lo lus "submarine" nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov neeg ib zaug muaj ib lub koom haum nrog ib tug lossis loj submarine nkoj nqa cov cargo rau lub rooj tsavxwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hnyav ballistic missiles, muaj peev xwm mus coj tau ib tug lossis loj teeb meem tam tus nrog sib ntaus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm zoo tib yam neeg tsis nco qab hais tias nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub Navy tsis muaj tsawg nqi yog cov me me diesel-hluav taws xob submarines. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb subversive, rau covert tsaws rau tus yeeb ncuab ntug dej.

"Lada" yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws tej yaam num yog lub submarine. Hais txog nws hnub no thiab peb yuav qhia rau.

Txheej txheem cej luam

667 Court project npaj mus nqa tawm reconnaissance thiab ua phem kev ua ub no tiv thaiv nto ships thiab submarines ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, tiv thaiv nqaum chaw ntawm yeeb ncuab quab yuam, raws li zoo raws li rau zus tau tej cov minefields thiab lwm yam teeb meem zoo li. Yog li, lub submarine "Lada", uas muaj ib tug yees duab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm yog optimally haum rau cov paub tab nws yog ib yam uas niaj hnub ua rog, uas yuav tsum tau nyiaj pab ntau tshaj cov kev mus ncig thiab stealth.

Ib tug feature ntawm lub submarines ntawm no series yog lub tswvyim ntawm lawv cov kev siv, hu ua "peb-peb lub hlis twg". Lub fact tias lub cev (ua los ntawm steel AB-2) muaj tib txoj kab uas hla thoob plaws nws ntev. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub loj nuclear submarines, hneev thiab siab tawv muaj ib tug zoo-txhais kheej kheej zoo. Vim lub bulkheads ntawm lub nkoj yog muab faib ua tsib cais seem. Decks rau lub nkoj peb.

Impressive hydrodynamic yam ntxwv yog muab los ntawm ib tug qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim lub cev yog tshwj xeeb zoo streamlined. Tub rau khoom units muaj raws nraim tib yam boom uas tau yus lub nkoj uas nyob hauv peb tes num 877, tab sis, tus Tsov tus tw empennage ua crosswise, thiab rau pem hauv ntej lub log yog mounted rau lub laj kab. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim hais tias lawv yuav tsim lub kawg tau cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv sonar khoom, uas yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug submarine. Lub "Sib raug zoo" nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim yog ib tug tiag tiag benchmark: nws yog tsis tshua muaj nyob ntsiag to, nws yog heev yooj yim mus ntes los ntawm txoj kev sonar thiab underwater acoustics.

riam phom submarines

Lub ntsiab txhais tau tias kws muaj txuj ci thiab nres yog rau cov tsheb tso torpedoes caliber 533 hli, nrog ob mines nyob rau sab sauv lawj yog tsim rau cov firing coj munitions. Tus txheem mos txwv muaj 18 torpedoes. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus submarine "Lada 677" siv ib tug generic hom mos txwv (SAET-60M, UGST), tshwj xeeb torpedoes ua kom puas yeeb ncuab submarines. Nyob rau lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib tej zaum yuav cruise missiles, raws li zoo raws li 22 mines DM-1 qauv. Nws yog ua tau rau tshwj kom txhob siv ntawm anti-hom cuaj luaj "Squall."

firing system tso cai rau ob leeg tib txhaj tshuaj thiab pov firing ntawm rau mines ib txhij. Thaum lub sij hawm recharge torpedo complex replies "Murena", uas enables rau tag nrho cov lag luam nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho automatic hom. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog kiag li tej tshuaj los ntawm qhov hais kom ua ntawm lub commander cov ntsiab lus, uas yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug submarine. Lub "Sib raug zoo" yog tus thawj nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union txoj kev loj hlob uas tsis yog-nuclear submarine ntawm lub nkoj, uas yuav siv tau los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm complex thiab high-kev ua tau zoo automation.

Yuav kom pab tiv thaiv tau lub nkoj los ntawm kev sib ntaus los tus yeeb ncuab aircraft, cov neeg coob yuav coj kom zoo dua rau cov qauv ntawm cov MANPADS "Igla-1M". Sib haum ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib ntaus los systems ensured los ntawm kev siv ntawm "Lithium" system. Yog li, lub submarine "Lada", riam phom uas peb tau pleev xim rau, nrog nws me me qhov ntev yog tau xa ib tug loj teeb meem rau tej tus nrog sib ntaus.

sonar ntau

Rau sonar kev tshawb kawm raws li txoj "Lira", uas muaj xws li cov haib rhiab antennae. Lub tsev muaj xwb peb antennas, yog ib tus uas yog nyob rau ntawm tus hneev ntawm lub submarine, tab sis ob tug - yog mounted rau txhua sab ntawm nws. Engineers tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla kom muaj zog yog cov neeg txoj kev ntsuas ntawm underwater suab nrov. Yog li, pem hauv ntej kav hlau txais xov occupies yuav luag tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm tus hneev ntawm lub submarine. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub on-board khoom tau ua sonar khoom uas submarine "Lada" (Project 677) yuav cab qab nws nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj.

navigation system

Navigation system - inertial hom. Yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev pab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub chaw qhia kiag ntawm lub nkoj, raws li zoo raws li rau kev txiav txim ntawm lub zoo ceev uas lub on-board riam phom yuav tsum tau siv nrog nyiaj pab ntau tshaj efficiency.

Raws li ib feem ntawm lub cev muaj ib tug periscope khoom xws li lub txim txhaum Txheej Txheem Code "Sail-98", uas yog tsim los ntawm cov nram qab no hais:

• Tob tob periscope lub commander, "Sail-98KP". Nws muaj ib hnub twg thiab ib tug tsawg-qib raws (kho qhov muag thiab TV). Lub degree ntawm kev nce mas nws txawv ntawm 1.5 mus 12X, tau cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv cai cov ntaub ntawv.
• Mast PHC, uas tsis yog-tob tob hom "Sail-98UP". Nws yog ua tau ib tug multi-muaj nuj nqi universal periscope. Raws li ib feem ntawm tus tsim - ob raws (full-time thiab low-level), cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev nce - ib yam li cov commander ntawm lub tsom iav raj, muaj ib tug high-kev ua tau zoo laser rangefinder.

Yog li, lub submarine "Lada", uas peb yuav luv luv TTX pleev xim rau, yuav Attendance zoo yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ib hnub thiab hmo ntuj tej yam kev mob. Nws yeej ib txwm tshua pom tsis tau tus yeeb ncuab.

Lwm yam ntsiab ntawm lub navigation system

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj lub caij yog lub radar system radar qauv KRM-66 "Kodak". Muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws cov tswv cuab kom nquag plias thiab passive xov tooj cua raws yuav ua nyob rau hauv ib tug neej coj hom. Thaum active siv yuav qhib kom ua huaj tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv thaum channel. Nws muab ib tug tag nrho daim duab ntawm lub teeb meem no lwm tus lub submarine (nrog rau cov saum toj no-dej), tab sis nws tsis unmask lub nkoj. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, lub submarine "Lada" (Project 677) yog nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas ib tug tshwj xeeb kwv, uas yeej tsis muaj analogues nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tsis muaj teeb meem li cas trite cov kev qhia suab.

Cov kev sib txuas lus system "deb" qauv. Nws tso cai rau cov kev pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug ruaj ntseg channel bidirectional ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob rau ntug dej hais kom posts, ships thiab aircraft (rau Muab ntawm periscope tob). Yog hais tias koj xav tau xa ib tug ceev lus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kuj zoo kawg le, siv tso cab kav hlau txais xov. Qhov no cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv heev rugged, nws muaj peev xwm los tiv thaiv txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hostilities. Cias muab, lub "Sib raug zoo" - lub nkoj yog heev tenacious.

Thaum kawg, ib co ntawm cov navigation khoom "Appassionata." Nws muaj lub hom inertial navigation system thiab satellite navigation module GPS / GLONASS. Cov neeg ntawm kev txiav txim rau ntawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm siv yog tsis tshua muaj high, tab sis nyob rau qhov sib thooj ntawm lub hauv paus chaw nres tsheb kho rau ib qho "mob".

fais fab nroj tsuag

Lub "lub siab" ntawm lub submarine yog ib tug diesel-hluav taws xob fais fab nroj tsuag, ua raws li ib txwm uas muab rau kev tshem thiaj tau tuaj rau hluav taws xob tig. Qhov no txawv los ntawm txawv teb chaws analogues submarine "Lada". TTS (thauj thiab kev systems), txawv teb chaws ships ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv yuav muab tau lub zog xwb nyob rau lub diesel cav.

Lub diesel cav nyob rau hauv cov plaub compartment. Yuav kom tsim hluav taws xob generator yog ob marks 28DG conjugate nrog rectifiers nyob ntawm 1000 kw txhua. Lub zog yog muab nyob rau hauv ob pab neeg ntawm cov roj teeb. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov ntsiab yog 126 (lawv yog nyob rau hauv thawj thiab thib peb compartments). Tag nrho cov chav muaj peev xwm ntawm lub tag nrho qhov system nyob rau hauv ncov mob - 10580 kW / h. Ua hauj lwm engine - hluav taws xob, zoo siab heev los ntawm tas mus li hlau nplaum. Mark tab sis-1, cov kev hwj chim yog 4100 kW.

Cov xaiv engine lub hwj chim thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub roj teeb yog tsis lo. Lub fact tias nws yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ua tau ceev loading ntawm cov roj teeb, uas yog yuav luag ob zaug thiaj li xub ntiag ntawm lub submarine ntawm periscope tob. Txij li thaum ib tug ib feem ntawm lub generator tsis yog ib tug plam ntawm tus txhuam tsev, txij nkawm thiab cov lag luam ntawm tag nrho cov installation yog heev yooj yim to taub thiab muaj kev cobphum. Nyob rau hauv no hwm, "Lada" - nkoj, lom zem ntau ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm.

Basic Circuit Court lag luam xyaw

Kuj tsis paub meej ceev hluav taws xob propulsion system plays lub ntsiab Mover nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hiking tej yam kev mob ntawm lub nkoj. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, peb twb tham txog qhov tseeb hais tias lub zog nyob rau hauv ib tug xwb diesel thaum lub sij hawm muab nyob rau hauv tus. Lub kiv cua muaj xya tuaj, tsim los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb, tsis muaj suab nrov technology. Qhov no lub xeev ntawm affairs tau lom zem ntau tiav ua tsaug rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm saber hniav, uas ua tsawg heev cov suab nrov thaum uas tsav tsheb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub submarine muaj ob tug qhab nia RDK-35 tej thaj chaw deb kauj kem.

Qhov siab tshaj plaws achievable tshaj tawm rau ntawm qhov chaw nce mus txog 21 cov pob caus ntawd. Nyob rau hauv submerged submarine tsis dispersed tshaj 10 cov pob caus ntawd. Cruising ntau yog hais txog 6,000 mais, tab sis thaum tsav tsheb economic kev kawm yuav ua rau kom cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm txog lwm 650 miles.

Hais txog nyob thiab ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntawm cov neeg coob

Cov neeg coob muaj xws li 35 tus neeg. Yuav kom cawm neeg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev cawm muab KSU-600 system. Nws yuav ib tug tsis siv tej thaj chaw deb tso tawm liferafts qauv PSNL-20. Ib tug tag nrho ntawm ob daim, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub superstructure rau tus nqi rau pab kiag li lawm.

Sqm rau hauv submarine yog nyob rau hauv lub thib peb compartment. Tsis zoo li nto ships ntawm lub USSR thiab lub Lavxias teb sab Federation, cov neeg coob ua ib tug zoo heev nyob tej yam kev mob. Rau cov neeg ua ob cabins. Txhua tus tub ceev xwm muab ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib chav tsev.

Noj yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub mess chav tsev nrog pantry chaw. Stocks ntawm khoom noj khoom haus, nyob ntawm seb lawv tus yam ntxwv thiab cia yuav tsum tau muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv txias thiab uncooled storerooms. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub submarine ntawm no series raug ntsia galley khoom tshiab qauv: lub heev compact ntev nws muab qhov kev npaj ntawm ib tug tag nrho thiab varied zaub mov rations neeg coob.

Cov dej yog muab cia rau hauv tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm stainless hlau. Refill zaub mov dej tshiab yuav ua tau ncaj qha mus rau teb tej yam kev mob. Rau lub hom phiaj no, Desalination nroj tsuag yog muab, uas yog siv rau cov kev khiav hauj lwm lub tshav kub ntawm diesel xyaw. Nyob rau hauv kev, thaum ib tug tsis tu ncua khiav dej cov khoom siv phiaj los nqis tes yog txaus los xyuas kom meej tsis tau tsuas yog domestic, tab sis kuj technical xav tau kev pab. Siab loaded nrog txhua tus tsim nyog submarine yog siv yooj yim rau 45 hnub.

Ntxiv lag luam ntawm lub nkoj thiab zeem muag

Raws li nws feem ntau tshwm sim, lub submarine "Lada" tsis dhau ntse coped nrog lub xeem ntawm lub sij hawm. Qhov tseeb hais tias nws tus yam ntxwv tsis tau raws li niaj hnub yuav tsum tau hais tias thov kom cov hoob kawm no ntawm ships. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub caij muaj ib tug intensive kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm co propulsion. Qhov kawg ntawm 2012 lub siab xav mus yuav rau submarines ntawm Project 677 "Lada" qhia Is Nrias teb, ib tug neeg uas coj xaiv yaam khub ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Cias muab, lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau xws li ib tug diesel-hluav taws xob submarines, uas yuav yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog campaigns ntau li ntau tau rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau rau lifting txawm nyob rau hauv periscope tob. Submarine "Lada", airindependent fais fab nroj tsuag uas yuav tau coj tuaj rau perfection, yuav tsum tau ua ntau lub hlis ntawm "heats". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog heev muaj kev vam meej.

Yog dab tsi tshiab?

Nrhav nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov pov thawj nkoj yuav tsum tau ua ib tug ntau. Cov tsim tawm ua lub tuam txhab nto moo CDB KUV "Rubin". Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-2013 nws raug thaum kawg txiav txim siab hais tias cov submarine "Sib raug zoo" yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nrog lub Lavxias teb sab Navy. Lub modernized, ntawm chav kawm, daim ntawv no.

Ntau xim tau them mus rau lub Modernization ntawm lub zos cov kws txawj on-board electronic systems. Kiag reconsidered Tsis Siv Neeg installation torpedo yuav luag tag hloov dua siab tshiab (raws li nyob rau kev siv uas niaj hnub siv tshuab) Txhua yam hluav taws xob fais fab nroj tsuag.

Tsis txhob nyob twj ywm "bypassed" thiab cov navigation: xav tias yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam tshiab kev daws tau incorporated rau hauv nws, peb muaj peev xwm hais tias cov system yog rov tsim. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob hais tias xws li ib tug submarine "Lada" inevitably attracts cov xim ntawm txawv teb chaws cov neeg muas zaub.

Thawj cov stocks yuav los "Kronstadt". Oddly txaus, tab sis lub qub "laus tej" uas txaus siab los sau ntawv tawm, niaj hnub no los ua ib lub siab heev tshaj plaws uas tsis yog-nuclear submarines nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias thaum tswj cov pace ntawm kev ua hauj lwm lawv yuav muaj kev zoo siab kom tau tsis tsuas lub tsev ntawm cov rog, tab sis kuj muaj ntau txawv teb chaws cov neeg muas zaub, txhawb lub teb chaws nyiaj txiag.

Txawm li cas los, raws li muaj ntau yam tej nkoj nquam Project 677 "Lada" Niaj hnub no Russia yog tsim nyog, vim cov ships yog ib txoj kev zoo los tiv thaiv maritime ciam teb rau lwm thiab coasts, uas peb lub teb chaws muaj nyob rau hauv abundance.