Submarine fleet ntawm Russia: Keeb kwm

Creation ntawm cov thawj underwater txog ntsha nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rov qab mus rau 1921. Ces, los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Peter kuv Lavxias teb sab kws ntoo Efimom Nikonovym nws ua tau tus thawj submarine, uas paub cov keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Underwater fleet ntawm Russia, lub creation ntawm uas npaj rau tom ntej no centuries, tsim feem ntau rau ntawm daim ntawv, tab sis muaj kev zam. Yog li ntawd, 50 submarines, tsim los ntawm cov Polish-Lavxias teb sab engineer tau tso tawm los ntawm 1879 mus 1881 nyob rau hauv Russia S. K. Dzhevetskim, leej twg, txawm li cas los, ua hauj lwm thiaj tau tuaj los ntawm cov npag zog. Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet raws li ib feem ntawm cov rog hauv lub teb chaws pib los ntawm 1906. Nws yog ces hais tias huab tais Nicholas II kos npe rau ib tsab cai nyob rau hauv nws cov lag luam. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, lub Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, muaj 10 submarines.

Tsim ib tug submarine fleet

Thaum lub lem ntawm XIX-XX centuries. nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws pib to taub meej qhov yuav tsum tau los tsim nws tus kheej cov tub rog submarine. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov kev vam meej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm xws li ib tug shipbuilding kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Part shipbuilding cov thawj coj ntseeg hais tias cov Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet yuav tsum tau tsim ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm txawv teb chaws ntau lawm. Ib feem ntawm cov kev xav hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yuav tsum muaj nws tus kheej technology thiab qhauj rau zus tau tej cov submarines.

Lub decisive zoo tshaj nyob rau hauv lub shipbuilding tswj, yog tus tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kev sib pauv rau cov mov ntawm US kev sib ntaus los submarines nyob rau hauv Russia. Tom qab kev txiav txim siab yog los domestic ntau lawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet.

Tus thawj kev sib ntaus los submarine nkoj yog powered los ntawm ib tug roj av cav, nws twb launched nyob rau hauv 1904. Qhov no nkoj yog cov destroyer "Ntses taub ntswg ntev", kuj hu ua tus destroyer tooj 133. "Ntses taub ntswg ntev" muaj ib tug zoo dua tshaj lawv txawv teb chaws counterparts. Nws muaj ib tug tonnage ntawm 113/135 m, tsim los ceev ntawm 9 pob caus ntawd rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab 4.5 units nyob rau hauv cov dej. Thaum twg koj muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej hauv lub nkoj txav ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm lub electric tsav thiab yuav ua raids ntau txog li 28 miles.

Txawm li cas los, nws yog txij thaum 1906, nrog rau cov kos npe ntawm tus huab tais tshwj xeeb tsim tej kev cai rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm ships - submarines, thiab txiav txim siab rau suav lawv cov keeb kwm. Shipbuilding kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws yog heev tsim sai heev nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej. Twb los ntawm 1917, lub Lavxias teb sab Navy lub submarine fleet muaj 73 subsea txog ntsha.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub submarine fleet nyob rau hauv lub USSR

Xyoo kiv puag ncig thiab lub Civil War yuam tag nrho ntawm lub teb chaws shipbuilding kev lag luam yog zoo stagnate rau xyoo yuav tuaj. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1926, nws tau txais ib lub hom phiaj tswj yog mus rau revive lub ib zaug mighty Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet. Nws yog los ntawm lub sij hawm no pib kho tshiab ntawm qub qauv, raws li tau zoo raws li tsim tshiab sawv daws yuav. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws muab rau ib tug submarine-hom "Decembrist" tej nkoj nquam. Rau ntawm cov tej nkoj nquam raug tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej xyoo. Lawv hloov cov laus "Tuav" thiab muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yam ntxwv tsis paib kev ua tau zoo ntawm txawv teb chaws qauv. Yog li, lub Soviet submarine yuav ncav cuag speeds mus txog rau 14 cov pob caus ntawd thiab muaj cruising ntau yam thiab ib tug ib nrab mus rau peb txhiab mais. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv tau muaj rau torpedo hlab thiab yuav haum mus txog 53 tib neeg. Tsis kawg tau nyob rau hauv lub kev vam meej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm shipbuilding nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, thiab tau raug tsa ua tus ncej ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus tsim chaw khaws feemxyuam engineer B. M. Malinina.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub Soviet Union tau active kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm shipbuilding nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees. Yog li ntawd, rau equip submarines "Decembrists" los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tauj diesels. Tsis tas li ntawd, German kws txawj tau muab kev pab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib submarine-hom S. Lawv muaj ib tug siab kev sib ntaus los tus yam ntxwv, thiab nquag ua tswvcuab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet rog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub loj xaav - mus 1073 tons - submarines ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv C mus txog ib tug ceev ntawm 19,5 knot thiab ua cruising khwv kom 8.200 mais. Lawv kuj muaj rau torpedo chaw.

Tshwj xeeb kev kawm tau ntawm cov domestic shipbuilding nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog tus tsim thiab kev siv ntawm cov submarine hom K. Nws muaj ib tug impressive arsenal, muaj raws ntawm kaum torpedo hlab thiab feem ntau haib xov tooj cua chaw nres tsheb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub submarine K-hom muaj tsis siv neeg tej thaj chaw deb tswj system immersion thiab emersion. Nws yuav ncav cuag ceev txog li 21 cov pob caus ntawd, thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm nws cov pas dej thoob txawm tej divers - mus 14.040 mais.

lub postwar lub sij hawm

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub shipbuilding kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub postwar lub sij hawm yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug loj dhia nyob rau hauv cov kev khoom ntawm submarines, ib tug tseem ceeb kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev kawm. Submarines post-tsov rog ntau lawm muaj loj speeds immersion qhov tob zog, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm torpedo hlab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub zog tonnage ntawm submarines thiab lub caij ntawm siv yooj yim navigation.

Txawm li cas los, ib tug loj teeb meem yog cov diesel-hluav taws xob ntaus tej nkoj nquam. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, designers yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj ib zaug xwb lub cev muaj zog rau ob lub freeboard ua luam dej thiab underwater.

Cuaj kaum, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no peb pib los tsim lug Oceanic submarine. Lawv, nrog rau lub hiav txwv ob hom ntawm uas twb muaj lawm submarine hlab ntsha. Soviet submarines twb tau muab tom tej taw tes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tus dej hiav txwv thiab rau kev txawj ntse ua ub no muaj.

Txawm li cas los, tseem muaj teeb meem twb daws uas muaj peev xwm rau maneuver lub nkoj thaum muaj kev kub ceev, raws li zoo raws li qhov yuav tsum tau rau heev ascents them lub roj teeb thiab tswj huab cua mov. Dua li no, tom qab tsov rog, lub Soviet Union muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb kom zoo dua li lwm cov powers, xws li cov uas nyob hauv teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas, qhov zoo thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm generated underwater cov hlab ntsha. Yog li, lub superiority tau tau tiav nyob rau hauv xws ib qho tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv raws li ceev, immersion qhov tob, professionalism thiab neeg coob endurance.

Txij li thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 50s. lub teb chaws pib ib lub tshiab rau theem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm submarine shipbuilding. Tam sim no lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj ntawm lub shipbuilding kev lag luam yog cov creation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm dej hiav txwv-mus nuclear missile submarines. Cov nkoj nquam tau, los ntawm qhov twg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tus dej hiav txwv, ua nuclear missile nres rau ntawm lub leeg ib qho tseem ceeb yeeb ncuab txaus. Lawv kuj nruab nrog txhais tau tias kev tiv thaiv torpedo.

Lwm hom submarine yog ib tug ntau yam txog ntsha uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua ib tug reconnaissance thiab saib xyuas cov kev ua ub, raws li zoo raws li nrog nuclear submarine, mus nqa tawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ships thiab thauj cov hlab ntsha.

Creation ntawm nuclear-powered submarines

Creation ntawm ib tug nuclear submarine nyob rau hauv 1958 qhib ib tug tshiab milestone nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm submarine shipbuilding. Vim lub Nuclear Shipbuilding teeb meem txog lub cev tsis muaj lub underwater txog ntsha nyob rau hauv dej rau ib tug ntau lub sij hawm twb tau radically solved. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nuclear submarines tau tso cai rau ho kom cov kev ceev ntawm lawv tus kheej kev kawm raws li ib tug tshaj cov dej thiab nyob rau hauv cov dej.

Hloov cov lub cev muaj zog quab yuam ntawm lub nkoj lawm brewing rau ib ntev lub sij hawm. Submarines twb tsis tau nqa tawm ntau underwater dhia vim nws tsis muaj hwj chim hluav taws xob motors, txawm lub fact tias lawv yog lossi zoo tuaj. Lub petrol xyaw twb tsis zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm. Thiab dua li, qhov yuav tsum tau rau heev ascents yog tshwm sim los kuj yog ib tug tsis tu ncua xav tau mus rau replenish cua txaus.

Thawj nuclear submarine nkoj uas tsim los ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv 1958, yog lub K3 "Leninsky Komsomol". Bookmark hlab tau ua nyob rau hauv 1955. Nws muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm tsis xws luag. Muaj ntau ntawm cov Cheebtsam ntawm nws tsim tau los tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau nws. Yog li, tus qauv tsis tau tau muab siv rau submarine hull, tab sis nws tau tsim yog li ntawd yuav maximize nws navigable nta rau nws. Nyob rau hauv view ntawm no, raws li zoo raws li, ntawm chav kawm, lub nuclear reactor, mus ntsuam xyuas lub nkoj twb mus txog cov kev ceev ntawm 28 cov pob caus ntawd. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tshwm sim yog tsis zoo tshaj plaws ua tau, raws li lub nkoj pab tau siv tsis tau nyob rau tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm. Kuv tu nws, raws li tau sau tseg, thiab tsis xws luag, thiab unreasoned nta. Yog li ntawd, lub submarine twb tsis muaj anchors, spare diesel generators thiab lub sij hawm los mus tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej. Thiab dua li, nws muaj tsawg Maneuvering.

Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim rau nws layouts tso cai los qhia rau yav tom ntej cov neeg uas cov neeg coob ua ntej nws cov ntawv thiab tig lawv mus rau hauv cov tub txawg, yog li ntawd nuclear-powered submarine twb tau mus sai li sai tau tom qab lub creation txaus siab nws paub tab. Lavxias teb sab nuclear submarine fleet enabled nws kom lub ntiaj teb no tus leading txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub USSR thiab tiv thaiv nws cov kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv lub 90.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub 70-90-ies.

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 60 lub - thaum ntxov 70-ies. Peb pib los tsim ib tug ob-tiam submarines. Lawv tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib tug siab npaum li cas ntawm kev ceev, zoo nyob kawm ntawv. Underwater ob tiam hlab ntsha tau lawm nruab nrog ib tug electrochemical cua cua system es tsis txhob ntawm obsolete tej tshuaj. Lawv kuj muaj ib tug paub hluav taws xob riam phom.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1967 mus 1992 rau peb nroj tsuag hauv lub teb chaws tus 48 nuclear submarines tau ua. Los ntawm 1973 mus 1982 tus Soviet Union tau ua 18 diesel-hluav taws xob submarines, muaj suab-absorbing roj hmab coated vaj tse nyob. Qhov no innovation tau zoo heev ntau zog lawv reticence. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog xav paub ntau efficiency rau lawv niaj hnub los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub sij hawm uas, diesel xyaw tau ntsia.

Txij li thaum lub thaum ntxov 80-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, peb pib los tsim thiab tsim lub thib peb tiam ntawm underwater cov hlab ntsha. Yus thiab lawv lub ntsiab nta ntau sophisticated weaponry thiab ho nce lub tonnage ntawm cov hlab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ua hauj lwm twb nqa tawm, thiab los txhim kho lub stealth submarines, thiab los txhim kho lawv nrhiav kom tau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Cov kev ceev ntawm xws tej nkoj nquam yuav yog mus txog 35 cov pob caus ntawd. Paub nyob tej yam kev mob thiab cov neeg coob. Tsis tas li ntawd submarines tau nruab nrog cawm lag, uas tso cai rau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev yuav ua kom tiav tag nrho cov kev khiav tawm ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm lub nkoj, nyob rau hauv lub underwater lub xeev.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia submarine Project 941 "Akula", uas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws submarine hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhuav pib nyob rau hauv 1981, thiab los ntawm thaum ntxov '90s lawv tus xov tooj yog 6 pieces. Lub hauv paus ntawm lawv tej riam phom yog cov 20 coob ntawm nws hom khoom-roj cuaj luaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov submarines tau nruab nrog muaj zog multi-level vaj tse nyob.

plaub-tiam submarine, tsim txij thaum lub caij 70-ies., nyob rau hauv 90. tsis zoo tsim vim lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR thiab cov nyiaj txiag teeb meem ntawm 1998. Kev nruj kev tsiv tau ua, li cas los xij lawv cov qauv muaj teeb meem loj zoo, uas twb khees nyob rau hauv lub qhov tob ntawm immersion (txog li 400 meters) thiab tsis muaj suab nrov lag luam.

Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet

Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet tam sim no muaj 76 submarines ntawm ntau hom thiab cov hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov raws li ib feem ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm underwater lub hom phaj thiab ships thiab txov av leeg ib qho tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Qhov no muaj xws li diesel submarines, thiab nuclear multipurpose submarines, thiab ballistic missile submarine, thiab cov submarine tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj.

Lub hauv paus ntawm uas ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet, ua tej nkoj nquam uas tau ua thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet era. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tom qab ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws kom txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub 2000s pib mus rau revive Lavxias teb sab nuclear submarine fleet.

Missile cruisers uas xaiv yaam hom phiaj

Ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm cov tub rog lub hwj chim, uas nruab nrab yog cov Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet, mus txog nuclear submarines 667BDRM project "Ntses taub ntswg ntev". Nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nrog lub teb chaws tam sim no muaj rau tej hlab ntsha. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav mus rau sab qaum teb Fleet. Tsis tas li ntawd tseem ceeb kev hem thawj rau tus yeeb ncuab tej nkoj nquam yog 667BDR project "Kalmar". Tu siab, tam sim no lub Lavxias teb sab arsenal, muaj tsuas yog peb xws submarines, feem ntau tsis ntev los no uas tau tso tawm rau cov dej nyob rau hauv 1982. Cov submarines yog deployed nyob rau hauv lub Pacific latitudes.

Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet nyob rau hauv 2014 thiab boasts hauv lub xub ntiag nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv, yam tsawg kawg ib nrab nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia, nuclear submarines ntawm tej yaam num 941 thiab 941UM "Shark." Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Fleet muaj TC-208 cruiser "Dmitry Donskoy".

Multipurpose nuclear submarines

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet kuj muaj xws li co kev sib ntaus los-muaj peev multi-purpose nuclear submarines. "Pike-B" kaj lawv cov neeg sawv cev yog submarines ntawm Project 971. Lawv ua hauj lwm yog ua kom puas submarines, nto ships thiab av lub hom phaj. Cov riam phom muaj lawv torpedoes thiab cruise cuaj luaj. Yog cov submarines nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Fleet (6 pieces) thiab cov Pacific (5 daim).

Tseem ceeb hwj chim multipurpose nuclear submarines ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation ua li lub submarine project 949F "Antey". Thaum lub caij lawv faib nruab nrab ntawm lub sab qaum teb thiab Pacific fleets. Lawv tus naj npawb nce mus txog 8 daim.

Mus saib cov nkoj nquam tseeb tragically sunk rau hauv 2000 submarine K-141 "Kursk". Nws yog tus biggest kev txom nyem ntawm lub submarine fleet, uas paub cov newest Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet, qhov zoo ces, nyob rau tam sim no theem yog ib tug ntau npaum li cas robust xeev tshaj nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 2000s. Qhov no kom hais tias kom raug thiab xwm txheej ntawm yav dhau los yuav tsis tau rov qab.

Northern Fleet, cov lwm yam, muaj cov submarines Project 945 "barracuda" thiab 945F "Condor", complementing cov tub rog lub hwj chim, uas yog lub Lavxias teb sab Navy. 2014 pom lub pav tua ya ntawm niaj hnub K-560 "Severodvinsk". Qhov no nkoj project 885 "Yasen" los ua qhov tseeb tau ntawm domestic shipbuilding. Raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm lub teb chaws tus coj noj coj nyob rau hauv 2020 cov tej nkoj nquam yog npaj los tsim 8 daim.

Tsis-nuclear submarines

Qhov loj tshaj plaws los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm views ntawm ib tug diesel-hluav taws xob submarines ntawm Project 877 submarines yog "Halibut". Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab nrog rau cov Northern, Pacific thiab Dub hiav txwv fleets. Muaj ntau ntau ntau ntau yam ntawm no peb tes num. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov Dub hiav txwv Fleet submarines npaj mus rau replenish lub project 636,3 - B-261 "Novorossiysk" muaj 5 daim.

Yav tas los, muaj teeb meem loj lub hom phiaj rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kev sib ntaus los system tsim tej nkoj nquam 677 "Lada". Txawm li cas los, kev ntsuam xyuas tsom loj kev ncua hauv submarine tsim, yog li ntawd lub tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua teeb meem loj cov kev hloov.

Lwm yam kev submarines

Underwater US Navy thiab Russia, raws li peb paub, yog ib tug compound ntawm cov feem ntau haib submarines nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv ob lub teb chaws, ntau mloog yog them rau tus tsim thiab creation ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb underwater cov khoom. Yog li, tus tshiab Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet muaj cawm submersibles Project 1855 "nqi zog". Nws yog lub npe hu tias tsuas yog tus North fleet muaj xws li kaum submersibles qhia sib txawv, uas yog kho raws li cawm cov khoom thiab kev tshawb fawb.

Ntawm cov feem ntau zoo-paub xws li tej zaum yuav tau hais nkoj AS-12 "Losharik" muaj peev xwm ntawm xeeb loj depths mus txog ob peb kis lus mev. Yog li ntawd, qhov no ntaus ntawv nyob rau hauv 2012 ua kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Arctic ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 2 kis lus mev.

Zeem muag ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam

Dua li ntawm qhov poob ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub '90s, feem ntau xav rau lub underwater shipbuilding, peb yuav hais tias nrog qhov pib ntawm lub 2000s. Qhov teeb meem no pib hloov maj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug popularization ntawm lub submarine fleet, lom lub nco hnub. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 2006, muab 100 xyoo Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet, tom qab uas nyob rau hauv ntau lub zos nyob ua koob tsheej thiab qhib nyob rau hauv Ufa submariners Monument. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub teb chaws txhua xyoo ua kev zoo siab Lavxias teb sab submarine rau 19 Lub peb hlis ntuj. Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet popularized thiab yuav cov pej xeem. SUPERVISION diver attracts ntau menyuam kawm ntawv.

Txawm li cas los, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam raws li ib tug tag nrho yuav tsum feem yuav raws li nyob rau hauv tus tsim thiab creation ntawm tshiab hom submarines. Yog li, los ntawm 2020 nws yog npaj los tsim txog li ob peb lub kaum ob ntawm tshiab submarines. Nws yog npaj los tsim ib tug tshiab version ntawm Project 677 "Lada" nrog rau cov kev siv uas niaj hnub fais fab nroj tsuag. Nws yuav yog li yuav yog ib tug tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob uas tsis yog-nuclear submarine shipbuilding.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub legacy ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qub submarines maj sau tawm thiab hloov los ntawm newer designs. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab rog submarine tsev cia puav pheej project twb redesigned submarine B-396 CDB KUV "Rubin". Nws yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab qaum teb Fleet thiab tau txais kev pab kom txog thaum 2000.