Subject ntawm Sociology thiab nws cov keeb kwm tsim

Tej science nws muaj nws yam khoom, uas yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm ib tug theoretical abstraction, thiab hais tias tso cai rau koj mus rau ntsiab tej yam qauv ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev zov me ntawm qhov chaw. Cov tseem ntawm Sociology yog hais tias nws kawm zej zog. Yog li ntawd cia saib yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim rau qhov kev kawm ntawm cov founders ntawm Sociology.

Ogyust Kont, uas coined lo lus "Sociology", ntseeg hais tias cov kev kawm ntawm science Nws yog ib tug holistic zej zog, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv universal tso cai. Cov yav tas yeej yog ib tug kev sib sau ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm thiab tib neeg qhov nws tus kheej. Lwm tus tsim ntawm cov kev kawm, cov kawm lus Askiv paub txog Herbert Spencer, siv tag nrho nws lub neej, pom nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm bourgeois zej zog, uas yog kev hloov tswvyim raws li nws hlob thiab koom tes rau lub sam xeeb ua tsaug rau qhov tseeb kev hauv tsev. Raws li Spencer, qhov kev kawm ntawm Sociology - zej zog, kuj nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov kev sib raug kab mob nyob rau hauv uas integrative dab ua ke nrog rau ntau yam zoo vim lub evolution ntawm kev sib raug tsev.

Karl Marx, uas tau nyob rau feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv ces, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm Comte thiab Spencer. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias Marx yog tias bourgeois haiv neeg yog nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus teeb meem thiab nws yog hloov los ntawm ib tug socialist. Tsis ntev nws tsim nws cov kev tshawb xav, uas yog txhais raws li lub materialist conception ntawm keeb kwm. Raws li nws, lub tuam txhab tsis tsim nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm cov tswv yim, tab sis nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim rog. Tom qab no ziag no, qhov kev kawm ntawm Sociology - zej zog raws li ib tug organic system, tsim nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov kev sib sau thiab kev ncaj ncees los ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv tawm tsam thiab kiv puag ncig.

Yog li, cov founders ntawm science pom zoo hais tias qhov kev kawm ntawm nws ua hauj lwm pab zej zog raws li ib tug kev muaj tiag. Direct luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm txawv le caag tau ua si ib tug social-philosophy thiab qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev nom kev tswv le caag.

Qhov thib ob theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub science uas muaj feem rau nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov kev sib sau ntawm tus vib this los. Neeg sawv cev ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm thaum ntxov pab ntawm theoretical thiab methodological classic. Thaum lub sij hawm no (lub 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 - ua ntej mus rau tus thawj lub ntiaj teb no tsov rog) mus kev loj hlob ntawm qhov yooj yim methodological hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kev ras paub txog ntawm le caag los cov kev kawm thiab cov hau kev ntawm muab empirical cov ntaub ntawv rau nws. Ib qho tseem ceeb pab nyob rau hauv no cov kev taw qhia los ntawm cov German sociologist F. ntaus pob tesniv. Thaum lub sij hawm nws scientific hauj lwm nws analyzed kev txheeb cais, ua empirical kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov qis chav kawm ntawv ntawm Hamburg tshawb xyuas cov xeev kev ua txhaum thiab cov theem ntawm tendencies ntawm yus tua yus. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob empirical Sociology raws li ib tug piav txog kev qhuab qhia.

Raws li ntaus pob tesniv, Sociology khoom tsim cov hom ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo, pej xeem thiab lub zej zog, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub sis ntawm cov neeg tsiv los ntawm lub siab nyiam. Txawm li cas los, cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov chaw yuav nyob twj ywm koj. Nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm, Adler yog nquag kawm cov kev kawm ntawm Sociology ntawm kab lis kev cai, uas yog cov kev yam ntawm tsim ntawm keeb kwm kev cai qhov tseem ceeb thiab yooj yim qauv. Tom qab ntawd, li cas los xij, qhov no kev tshawb xav tau criticized.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug paub tab theoretical thiab methodological classics. Qhov no lub sij hawm ntawd kub ntev li ntawm cov thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog thiab 70 xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Subject thiab vib this los ntawm science ntau ze ze. Tus Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm no theem yog tus Lavxias teb sab-American sociologist Pitirim Sorokin, nws tsim ib tug "system ntawm Sociology", uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav thiab vib this los ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm kev sib raug zoo muaj. Raws li nws, cov haiv neeg - ib tug tiag tiag set ntawm interacting cov neeg, nyob qhov twg tus txheej xwm ntawm cov kev kawm nyob rau nws ua nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kev sib raug zoo muaj. Qhov no muab piav, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov kev kawm ntawm Sociology.

Thaum lub sij hawm tam sim (nyob rau hauv lub lig xyoo pua 20th, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 21st century, ib tug tshiab kev nkag siab ntawm cov kev kawm, lwm classical Raws li nws, tsis muaj haiv neeg tau tau nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev kawm ntawm lub zej zog raws li lub active cim ntawm cov adherents txoj kev - .. A. Touraine thiab P. . Bourdieu, lub British MG Archer thiab Giddens tam sim no, lawv muaj kev nyuaj siab cov lus nug: Puas yog tsis kam lees lub classical kev nkag siab ntawm cov kev kawm, los yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.