Stringed nyo seev: piav qhia ntawm cov pab pawg neeg

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub Symphony Orchestra yog ib pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, txoj cai nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib thiab cov neeg xyuas pib. Qhov no stringed nyo seev. lub suab qhov twg los yog ib tug vibrating txoj hlua. Classification Hornbostelya Sachs-stringed nyo seev hu ua chordophones. Thaum ob tug Violins, viola thiab Cello ua si ua ke, koj muaj ib txoj hlua Quartet. Qhov no chamber music hlua stringed seev.

predecessors

Ob chav basses, cellos, violas thiab Violins twb txawm tsis yog thawj zaug, nws twb preceded los ntawm lub viola, uas ua nrov nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib caug xyoo. Lub suab ntawm lawv yog mos mos thiab maj, yog li lawv sai tau los ua tus darling ntawm txhua txhua orchestra. Stringed nyo seev, xws li, nyob ntev ua ntej cov violas, tab sis lawv tseem yog npaum li cas yau plucked seev.

Cov hneev nti tau yees ua nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb, txawm lub ancient Greeks tsis tau paub txog nws. Arabs, Pawxia, Africans dhau nws los ntawm ib lub teb chaws mus rau lwm lub raws li lub baton, thiab maj (lub yim century), tus hneev tuaj mus rau cov teb chaws Europe. Muaj tsim stringed nyo seev, uas, hloov, yug ua ntej viola, nkauj laus ncas thiab ces.

viola

Viola nyob ntawm txawv ntau thiab tsawg thiab los ntawm ntau heights suab, ib co sawv ntawm nws lub hauv caug, rau lwm yam - nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv caug, thiab lwm leej lwm tus - loj - sawv ntawm lub rooj zaum thiab lawv tau mus ua si thoob. Muaj kuj me me viola, uas muaj raws li cov nkauj laus ncas rau nws lub xub pwg. Viola da gamba yog tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub orchestra, nws ua zoo heev thiab zoo nkauj "lub suab." Nws victoriously muaj kom txog thaum lub xyoo pua, ces ib txhia lub sij hawm Cello hu nkauj nws tog. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1905 lub viola da gamba nyob rau hauv lub orchestra xa rov qab. Stringed nyo seev suab paj nruas heev enriched lawv lub suab nrog nws rov qab.

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub viola rau ib ntev lub sij hawm twb aristocrats ntau tau: lawv muaj ib tug exquisite, zoo li ib tug muffled suab, suab paj nruag suab organically los ntawm candlelight, thaum lub musicians nyob rau hauv velvet robes thiab hmoov wigs. Thawj nkauj laus ncas folk music yeej, ces tus palaces thiab cov khw txiav ntawm lawv ntev tsis tau tso cai rau nkag mus rau, muaj kav ib Viol thiab lute.

Viola lub suab paj nruag los ntawm cov feem ntau precious cov ntaub ntawv thiab kuj zoo nkauj heev, txawm lub taub hau muaj feem ntau artistically carved nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm paj, taub hau ntawm cov tsiaj los yog tib neeg.

masters

Nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib xyoo pua, nrog lub advent ntawm Violins, lute thiab violovye craftsmen pib rov qhia dua rau raws li Fairground pej xeem seev hloov lub qub aristocracy, vim hais tias lawv muaj ntau lub cib fim rau extract lub suab, kev paub qhia lo thiab technically txawj. Nyob rau hauv Cremona, nws nrhiav tau tus naas ej lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Andrea Amati, uas ua raws roj ntsha. Nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv twb tau mus ua Violins uas nws extraordinary zog suab thiab warmth, softness thiab ntau yam ntawm lub suab khaws cia.

Nkauj laus ncas los ua tau rau tag nrho cov: qhia tib neeg txoj kev xav thiab txawm xyaum lub intonations ntawm tus tib neeg lub suab. Ib puas xyoo tom qab, lwm tus tswv - Antonio Stradivari, tus menyuam kawm ntawv Nicolo Amati, nws qhib nws tus kheej Rhiav thiab kuj tau ua zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd zoo heev yog tus tswv thiab Dzhuzeppe Gvarneri, uas tuaj nrog ib tug tshiab nkauj laus ncas tsim, ntau zoo meej. Tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv twb tsev neeg, cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv, thiab cov me nyuam, thiab cov xeeb ntxwv. Lawv ua tsis yog tsuas yog lub violin, tab sis kuj tag nrho lwm stringed nyo seev.

Lub npe ntawm orchestral seev

Qhov siab tshaj plaws register ntawm tus hneev hlua muaj ib tug nkauj laus ncas, thiab tus nqi qis tshaj - ntses bass thaj tsam. Los ze zog mus rau lub suab ntawm cov nkauj laus ncas - cia li hauv qab no - suab alto, txawm tsawg - Cello. Nws zoo tag nrho stringed nyo seev zoo li ib tug tib neeg lub cev, tab sis, ntawm txawv ntau thiab tsawg.

Housing Violins muaj ob tug decks - sab sauv thiab sab, thawj yog ua los ntawm Maple thiab lwm yam los ntawm kev noj mov. Hais tias lawj yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov zoo thiab lub dag lub zog ntawm lub suab. Nyob rau lub sab saum toj curly qhov - f-qhov, thiab lawv zoo li cov tsab ntawv "f". Yuav kom lub cev txuas caj dab (nyob rau hauv uas "khiav" ntiv tes ntawm ib tug violinist), feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ebony, thiab saum toj no nws cov hlua - plaub ntawm lawv. Lawv txuas pegs, sib ntswg thiab rub rau lawv. Ntawm no yog cov nyem qhov siab ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv lub violinist tunes fiddle, twirling splitting.

Yuav ua li cas mus ua si rau lawv

Kev loj nkauj laus ncas, txawm hais tias nws cia li yuav nyob rau hauv nws lub xub pwg. Cello txawm loj, mus ua si nws zaum rau ib lub rooj zaum, teem sijhawm lub cuab tam rau hauv pem teb nruab nrab ntawm nws ob txhais taw. Ntses bass thaj tsam yog ntau npaum li cas tshaj li qhov loj ntawm lub Cello, ntses bass thaj tsam neeg uas ua ntawv yeej ib txwm ua sawv, nyob rau hauv uas tsis tshua muaj mob, tso rau ib tug siab quav.

Hneev - ib tug stick ntawm ntoo, uas ncav us txog tuab nees plaub hau, uas ces lubricated rosin - ntoo thuv cob. Ces hneev me ntsis sticks txoj hlua thiab yuav ua li cas mus rub tau nws nrog. Cov hlua vibrates thiab vim hais tias nws suab. Tag nrho stringed nyo seev Symphony Orchestra hauj lwm rau txoj ntsiab cai no. Thaum yuav tsum tau qhab nia rau tus hneev hlua, koj yuav extract audio Plucking (pizzicato), thiab txawm ntaus cov ntoo ib feem ntawm tus hneev.

alto

Viola zoo zoo heev rau cov nkauj laus ncas, nws cia li ib tug me ntsis dav thiab ntev, tab sis cov timbre ntawm nws tshwj xeeb, suab qis thiab thicker. Tsis yog txhua txhua violinist yuav ua si lub viola nrog rooj plaub nyob rau hauv plaub caug-rau centimeters ntev, yog, ntxiv rau lub caj dab. Cov ntiv tes yuav tsum muaj zog thiab ntev, dav txhuam thiab muaj zog heev. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, xav tau ib tug tshwj xeeb rhiab heev. Tag nrho cov qualities ua ke yog heev tsis tshua muaj.

Txawm tias composers viola yog tsis li nrov raws li tus so ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm nyo stringed seev, nws yog tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv Vajtswv txoj hau kev orchestra. Thaum ua si solo, piv txwv li, Yuriy Bashmet, tus nqi ntawm lub twj paj nruag yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj.

Cello

Tsis ntsuas ntau nruj heev heev rau qhia txoj kev xav xws li tu siab, kev tu siab, kev tu siab, txawm tag kev cia siab. Cello muaj ib lub suab tho tus ntsuj plig peculiar timbre, tsis muaj lwm yam cuab yeej tsis nyiam. Aleksandr luag piv rau nws cov "xoo pob liab vog Sails" fiddle nrog cov ntshiab ntxhais hu ua Assol thiab Cello - nrog passionate Carmen. Xwb, lub Cello yog heev sib sib zog nqus kis muaj zog tus cwj pwm txawv thiab tiag tiag li cov ua cim.

Cello ua ib txhij nrog lub Violins muaj tus thawj heev masters, tab sis nws coj tuaj rau perfection los ntawm Antonio Stradivari. Qhov cuab yeej no rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tsis pom nyob rau hauv lub orchestra, tawm hauv nws tog pab txhawb nqa, tab sis thaum lub suab twb yeej hnov ib tug ntau ntawm composers tau sau solo thiab chamber music rau Cello thiab performers nce zoo tag nrho tus txheej txheem ua si qhov ntsuas.

contrabass

Qhov no yog tus nqi qis tshaj-stringed nyo ntsuas nyob rau register. Daim ntawv nyob ntses bass thaj tsam fiddle zoo li ntau: ib tug zij lub cev, nws lub xub pwg nyom tiaj tiv thaiv lub caj dab. Lub suab ntawm nws booming, nplua nuj, txom nyem, thiab orchestra tsis sound zoo tsis muaj tus ntses bass thaj tsam, yog li ntses bass thaj tsam muaj tsuas yog irreplaceable. Ntxiv mus, nws tau cawm luag txhua orchestra - txawm jazz. Nws yog indispensable.

Yog hais tias peb los sib piv cov orchestral tau nrog cov tib neeg lub cev, cov ntses bass thaj tsam - nws yog ib lub cev pob txha uas, ntsig txog, "nqaij thiab mov" - yog cov harmonic accompaniment thiab lub melodic kab - "daim tawv nqaij", nws yog ib qhov tseeb rau tag nrho cov. Yog hais tias peb xav txog tej yam uas lub cev pob txha ntawm lub cev tau raug tshem tawm, ua li cas? Yog, shapeless lub hnab. Qhov ntawd yog qhov ib yam kev xav tau thiab ntses bass thaj tsam nyob rau hauv nws tseem tuas. Yuav ua li cas seev txoj hlua & nyo hau yuav muaj peev xwm mus kom cov atherosclerosis ntawm tag nrho cov orchestra? Tsuas yog tus basses.

nkauj laus ncas

Stringed nyo seev yog rightly xam tau tias yog nws ib tug huab tais thaum lub violin hu nkauj, cov lwm leej lwm tus yuav tsuas hu nkauj nrog. Lub suab yog coj tswvyim txoj kev, yog dab tsi tsis muaj lwm yam cuab yeej nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no tsis paub yuav ua li cas. Hneev nrog nyuaj, ntxhib, ntxhib horsehair, grated rosin - yuav luag tej ntaub ntawv vim hais tias muaj zog rosin sprinkled hmoov. Thaum tus hneev los mus rau cov hlua, sticks thiab tam sim ntawd cia li nkaum kiag ib txoj hlua, ntau npaum li cas yog txaus nws elasticity, thiab ces nws los tawm, kom sai li sai lo dua. Ntawm no yog lub zog ntawm txoj hlua - txawm tias thaum nws cia li nkaum kiag tus hneev, thiab ib tug sinusoidal nyob rau rov qab - thiab ua lub cim timbre.

Ntau thiab xws li subtlety: nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev seev, ib tug guitar, piv txwv li, cov hlua yog strung on lub zog sills ntawm hlau, thaum lub sij hawm nkauj laus ncas lawv cia siab rau cov lus wood, es rickety ntseeg nws txawv nrog rau qhov kev ua si rau ob sab, thiab cov hloov mus hloov los qhia tag nrho cov hlua, txawm qhov tseeb hais tias tus hneev yog tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, zuag qhia tag nrho duab NW nyuam qhuav perceptible overtones ntxiv tias txawm ntau enriches lub suab ntawm cov suab paj nruag.

lub sij hawm lub cuab tam

Suab txoj kev ywj pheej nkauj laus ncas suab tsuas txom. Nws yuav tsis tsuas hu nkauj, tab sis kuj yuav xuav, thiab muaj ntsi xws li ib tug creaking qhov rooj thiab chirping noog. Thiab ib zaug hauv TV tsom Plaub Hlis Ntuj ruam Humorina qhov twg violinist amused cov neeg tuaj saib los ntawm mimicking qhov kev ua si kiag li tsis txheeb ze rau cov suab paj nruag. Piv txwv li, nyeem tsis tau lub suab saib xyuas ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb, tshaj tawm cov sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau. Lo lus "pavtaryaaaayu" nkauj laus ncas downright lus txwv. Paub ntawm qhov cuab tam yog feem ntau nyob rau qhov zoo ntawm lub rooj sib hais lub Executive, thiab kev kawm yuav tsum tau ntev. Tsis nyob rau hauv vain, cov me nyuam pib mus kawm raws li thaum ntxov raws li peb los yog plaub lub xyoos tau ib tug dlej tshwm sim.