Strategic bomber Tu-95: nta thiab yees duab

Lub TU-95 - ntev-ntau bomber, nyob rau lub Lavxias teb sab armor. Yog tus xaiv yaam missile mus rau lub turboprop-powered. Hnub no yog ib tug ntawm cov ceev tshaj plaws bombers nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov American codification xa mus rau raws li "Tus Xyooj". Qhov no yog qhov kawg Lavxias teb sab turboprop aircraft, saws nyob rau hauv loj ntau lawm. Thaum lub caij muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev hloov kho.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho

Bomber bomber TU-95 nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm Andrei Tupolev nyob rau hauv 1949. Txoj kev loj hlob tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub 85-th qauv ntawm lub aircraft. Nyob rau hauv 1950, cov nom tswv qhov teeb meem nyob ib ncig ntawm lub USSR demanded rau tam sim ntawd xaiv yaam nce. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau lub creation ntawm ib tug tshiab tshaj missile nrog high-ceev thiab Maneuvering yam ntxwv. Tus aim ntawm qhov kev loj hlob yog mus cuag lub siab tshaj plaws ntau yam rau lub shortest tau lub sij hawm.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1951 lub project twb mus los ntawm N. Bazenkov, tab sis ntev heev nws twb hloov los ntawm S. Eger. Nws yog ib lub "Xyooj" yog xav tau cov txiv ntawm lub xeem. Twb nyob rau hauv thawj zaug rau theem ntawm cov kos duab bomber TU-95 ras los ntawm nws loj thiab lub hwj chim. ib tug ntoo mock-up txawm tuaj txoos ua ke rau ib tug ntau ncauj lus kom ntxaws kev nthuav qhia ntawm qhov kev tsim.

Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1951, lub TU-95 thaum kawg pom zoo rau ntau lawm. tsab kev loj hlob coj qhov chaw ib ob peb lub hlis. Nws yog tsuas nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1952, lub aircraft twb muab nyob rau hauv Zhukovsky airfield. Hoobkas kev ntsuam xyuas yog tsis ntev nyob rau hauv los. Xeem yog muaj kev vam meej, yog li ib lub hlis tom qab, nws twb txiav txim siab los tuav tawm nyob rau hauv thawj bomber qauv. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas txuas ntxiv mus rau txog ib lub xyoo. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub davhlau simulator ntawm tus tsav qhia ib tug xov tooj ntawm teeb meem loj. Test ua tsis tau tejyam peb lub cev muaj zog. Nws gearbox twb puas los ntawm hluav taws tom qab xwb ob lub hlis tom qab pib ntawm lub xeem. Yog li, lub engineers ntsib nrog cov neeg ua hauj lwm los kho qhov yuam kev uas cov excesses yuav raug tshem tawm nyob rau hauv sij davhlau. Qhov kawg ntawm 1953 vim hais tias ntawm teeb meem zoo li tuag 11 tus txiv neej coob, xws li cov commander.

hluas nkauj sib ntaus

Tus tshiab tsab bomber nkag mus hauv lub tshav dav hlau nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1955. Ces, ib txoj kev kuaj tsav teem tseg M. Nyuhtikov. Nws yog nws leej twg ua tus thawj davhlau rau hauv lub tshiab tsab. Tests twb tiav xwb ib lub xyoo tom qab. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, lub tswv yim bomber Tu-95 bomber ya mus txog 70 fij dav hlau.

Nyob rau hauv 1956, lub aircraft pib mus txog lub tshav dav hlau Uzyn rau yav tom ntej siv. Bomber Modernization pib nrog rau thaum xaus ntawm 1950. Qhuav thiab ib nrab los ua ke TU-95 nrog Kuibyshevsky aircraft Hoobkas. Nws yog muaj rau cov thawj lub sij hawm muaj variations missile nrog nuclear warheads. Maj mam, lub 95th qauv rebuilt nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov tub rog xav tau kev pab: kev tshawb kawm, kev tso hoob pob nyob deb hom phiaj, tus neeg caij kev pab, huab cua kuaj, thiab lwm yam ...

Tam sim no, pawg zus tau tej cov TU-95 khov. Txawm li cas los, peb tes num yog tseem txaus siab los ntawm Cua Dag Zog Yuam thiab lub Lavxias teb sab muaj cai.

tsim nta

Missile muaj ib tug siv yooj yim direct tam sim no mov system rau cua sov rau cov tis, keel thiab stabilizer screws. Lub tshuab muaj biaxial hniav poob lawm AB-60K. Cargo compartment yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub fuselage nyob ze ntawm lub launcher, uas yog tsau rau cruise cuaj luaj. Muaj ib tug tau ntawm kev twb kev txuas ntxiv khoom rau lub ncua kev kawm ntawv.

Lavxias teb sab Tu-95 yog ib qho huab cua tsheb nrog tricycle tsaws iav. Nyob rau txhua rear log nws muaj nws tus kheej nres system. Thaum noj cov nyiaj them yug retracted nyob rau hauv lub fuselage thiab tis-nacelle. Lub pem hauv ntej khub ntawm lub log yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug hydraulic system, thiab rear - qhov hluav taws xob mechanisms nrog ib qho hwj huam tuaj rau 5200 watts. Thaum muaj xwm ceev qhib lub chassis yog tsuas tau cov kev pab los ntawm ib tug winch.

Cov pa alarm yog ib tug neeg coob. Nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm ceev ncaws rooj disengaged los ntawm cov aircraft los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb daug, uas yog nyob rau saum toj no rau pem hauv ntej yuav tsaws iav. Raws li hooks rau ob txhais tes uas siv ib lub conveyor txoj siv. Ncaws tawm los ntawm lub tsheb ntawm tus bomber yog muab los ntawm resettable daug.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub missile yog txawm peem rau nrog tshwj xeeb lub neej phuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug thaum muaj xwm ceev tsaws rau dej.

engine Specifications

Turboprop Tu-95 yog cov peb feem ntau haib loj-alarm aircraft nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov no tshwm sim yog tiav ua tsaug rau lub cev muaj zog TC-12, uas muaj ib tug high-efficiency turbine 14 thiab ib tug compressor theem. Yuav kom kho cov tsis, ib tug system ntawm bypass cua li qub. Thaum zoo li no turbine efficiency ntawm SC-12 nce mus txog ze li ntawm 35%. Qhov no qhia cov turboprop bombers yog ib cov ntaub ntawv.

Yuav kom pab txhawb kev hloov ntawm lub cav roj mov yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib block. Fais fab NK-12 yog hais txog 15 ntau txhiab xyoo. ib tug. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub thrust yog kwv yees li ntawm 12 txhiab. Kg. Nrog tas nrho cov roj compartment aircraft yuav ya mus txog 2500 teev (txog 105 hnub). Tsav luj yog 3.5 tons. Qhov ntev ntawm lub NK-12 nruab nrab yog ib tug 5-meter unit.

Lub disadvantage yog nws cov high engine nrov. Rau hnub tim, qhov no yog qhov loudest aircraft nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws muaj peev xwm mus ntes txawm lub locator installation submarines. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, thaum lub nuclear strike tsis yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev qhov teeb meem.

Cov lwm yam ntxwv missile yog muab ib tug 5.6-Meter screws. Tsis tas li ntawd noteworthy anti-icing system li tuaj. Nws yog ib qho electrothermal installation. Roj yog txhab khoom mus rau cav thiab cov fuselage ntawm lub caisson tso tsheb hlau luam. Los ntawm kev siv ntawm npaum thiab paub system HPT screws li "muaj zog" xaiv yaam aircraft davhlau ntau txheeb ze rau tus kwv yog suav raws li lub sij hawm Tu-95.

nta missile

Lub aircraft yuav haum mus txog 9 coob cov tswv cuab. Vim lub daim ntawv thov kev bomber nyob rau hauv ntev muaj 46,2 meters. Nyob rau hauv no uas ib tis yog hais txog 50 m. Qhov ntev xaiv yaam missile tiag tiag ntaus saib. Tsuas yog ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub tis yuav siv sij hawm txog li 290 sq. m.

Pawg TU-95 yog kwv yees li ntawm 83,1 tons. Txawm li cas los, nrog rau tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub tank yog nce mus rau 120 txhiab. Kg. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws load hnyav tshaj 170 tons. Nyob hwj chim ntawm lub propulsion system - txog 40 txhiab kW ..

Vim NK-12 bomber muaj peev xwm ntawm speeds mus txog 890 km / h. Cov tsab ntawv tsa suab yog tas rau cov autopilot 750 km / h. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, cov ntau yam ntawm missile davhlau yog hais txog 12 txhiab. Km. lifting lub qab nthab nws txawv mus txog 11.8 km. Rau takeoff yuav tsum tau qhab ntawm 2.3 txhiab meters.

riam phom bomber

Lub aircraft yog nqa tau mus rau hauv cov huab cua mus txog 12 tons ntawm cov mos txwv. Muab tso bombs rau hauv lub fuselage compartment. Pub thiab svobodnopadayuschih nuclear cuaj luaj ib tug yuag tag nrho ntawm 9 tons.

Tu-95 nominally muaj ib tug txhob txwm defensive weaponry. Nws muaj ib tug 23-millimeter cannon. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau kev hloov kho ntsia paired AM-23 nyob rau hauv qab, sab saum toj thiab aft qhov chaw ntawm lub aircraft. Nyob rau hauv tsawg tus neeg mob muaj yog ib tug aircraft phom GS-23.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhim kho submarine AM-23 nruab nrog tshwj xeeb automatic roj extraction system. Cov phom yog txuas mus rau ib tug caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab damper guides rau hauv lub thawv cev. Ntsia liaj qhov rooj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si zaum, qhov kev npoo nruab nrab kem. Rau zog cia thiab mitigate tej yam los ntawm lub tsheb ntawm cov phom siv ib tug tshwj xeeb cua unit them.

Interestingly, lub AM-23 ntev yog hais txog 1.5 meters. Tus luj ntawm xws li ib tug phom yog 43 kg. shooting ceev - mus txog rau 20 txhaj tshuaj ib ob.

kev khiav hauj lwm cov teeb meem

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm missile pib nrog appreciable teeb meem. Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab tsis zoo yog lub alarm. Chiv Tu-95 twb tsis zoo siv tau rau ntev-ntau flights. Vim lub seeb rooj nyob rau hauv cov neeg coob feem ntau rov qab ached, nws ob txhais ceg loog. Mus siv tsev plob thiab tag nrho cov pa portable tank nrog ib tug tso quav tso zis. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog heev qhuav thiab kub nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov, cov huab cua twb impregnated nrog roj hmoov av. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov neeg coob tsis kam prodelyvat ntev flights nyob rau hauv aircraft li unprepared.

Pheej muaj teeb meem nrog roj system thiab engine. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, lub sib tov twb nyeem tas mineral uas ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov ntsia hlau ceev. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug rau theem rau kev pib lub xyaw tau sov so turbine ua ntej. Qhov teeb meem no tau hloov nrog qhov kev tso tawm nyob rau hauv loj-scale zus tau tej cov tshwj xeeb cov roj cav.

Tus thawj daim ntawv thov

Tu-95 twb xub pom ntawm lub tshav dav hlau nyob rau hauv Kyiv cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lig 1955. Raws li nws muab tawm, ob peb kev hloov kho ntawm tus thawj thiab tuaj koom lub Cov Qib ntawm 409 TBAP. Cov nram qab no xyoo, twb tsim lwm division tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, uas kuj nrhiav tau ib qhov chaw rau lub plaub TU-95. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, missile muaj tau ua ntaj riam thaiv xwb Ukrainian Soviet Cua Dag Zog Yuam. Txawm li cas los, txij thaum lub caij mus txog 1960. TU-95 thiab nws cov kev hloov kho tiav tub rog Hangars nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm tam sim no-hnub Russia.

Yuav kom tsim regiments ib ncig ntawm lub bombers twb pinpoint ntaus rau xaiv yaam NATO rog nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm cov teb chaws Asia, raws li zoo raws li Tuam Tshoj. Dav hlau twb yeej ib txwm nyob rau alert. Tsis ntev, qhov US cov tub ceev xwm pom zoo li ib tug txaus ntshai txuam nrog ntawm kev sib ntaus los hwj chim nyob rau ntawm lawv bases thiab diplomatic ties tau ua kev cob cog rua. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub Soviet Union yuav tsum tau disperse feem ntau ntawm cov missile tshaj nws lub teb chaws.

Txij li thaum 1960-ies. TU-95 thiab ces pom dua lub Arctic, lub Indian dej hiav txwv, lub Atlantic tsam thiab teb chaws Aas Kiv. Pheej rau tej yam ua ntawm lub teb chaws reacted aggressively, khob missile. Txawm li cas los, cov nom ntawm xws li mob tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv twb tsis tau ua li cas.

Daim ntawv thov lately

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 2007, Lavxias teb sab missile pheej pom los ntawm cov huab cua rau cov tub rog ce ntawm lub British tub rog. Zoo ib yam li qhov teeb meem tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Gulf ntawm Clyde thiab Hebrides. Txawm li cas los, txhua lub sij hawm rau ib tug ob peb feeb nyob rau hauv lub ntuj nce British fighters thiab raug teeb meem strike twb nrog TU-95 tshaj nws cov ciam teb rau lwm.

Los ntawm 2007 mus 2008, missile muaj twb pom nyob rau hauv cov tub rog hauv paus thiab aircraft muaj NATO. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug poob bomber TU-95. Official piav qhia tau qhia rau cov ua qhov kev huam yuaj.

Niaj hnub no cov "Bears" mus txuas ntxiv nws thoob ntiaj teb txawj ntse ua ub no.

dav hlau tsoo

Raws li statistics, txhua txhua 2 xyoo muaj yog ib tug loj kev huam yuaj bomber TU-95. Tag nrho huvsi thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam poob lawm 31 missile. Cov nab npawb ntawm cov neeg tuag yog 208 cov neeg.

Qhov tseem tsis ntev los no kev huam yuaj Tu-95 coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 2015. Cov kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim rau lub aircraft kev hloov kho. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov kws txawj hu rau outdated lub cev mob ntawm lub tsev.

Huam yuaj bomber Tu-95 MS tau thov lub neej ntawm ob pab pawg neeg. Cov kev sib tsoo tshwm sim nyob ze Khabarovsk. Raws li nws muab tawm, thaum lub missile rau hauv lub davhlau tam sim ntawd tsis kam muab tag nrho cov tshuab.

armed nrog

TU-95 rau qhov nqi koj tshuav VVS USSR kom txog thaum lub Soviet Union collapsed nyob rau hauv 1991. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, ib tug loj ib feem yog nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam ntawm Ukraine - txog 25 submarines. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog ib feem ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb hnyav tso kom muaj kab muaj kev nyob rau hauv Uzin. Nyob rau hauv 1998, lub hauv paus tau mus nyob qhovtwg li. Cov tshwm sim yog lub tshem tawm ntawm aircraft thiab lawv tom ntej kev puas tsuaj. Ib feem ntawm cov bombers tau hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug coj mus muag trucking.

Nyob rau hauv 2000, Ukraine cob rau hauv seem Lavxias teb sab TU-95 rau them rov qab ntawm cov pej xeem nuj nqis. Tag nrho tus nqi ntawm kev them nyiaj yog kwv yees li $ 285 lab. Nyob rau hauv 2002, 5 TU-95 tau raug hloov mus rau ib tug multi-functional hnyav aircraft.

Rau hnub tim, lub Lavxias teb sab riam phom muaj txog 30 submarines. Lwm 60 units yog nyob rau hauv cia.

Major kev hloov kho

Cov feem ntau variation yog tus thawj TU-95 MS. Qhov no aircraft nqa cruise KH-55 cuaj luaj. Rau hnub tim, lawv nyob twj ywm rau hauv lub feem ntau ntawm lwm tus neeg los ntawm cov 95th qauv.

Cov tom ntej no feem ntau nrov yog suav tias yog ib tug kev hloov kho ntawm lub Tu-95 A. Nws yog tus xaiv yaam submarine nuclear kev ua ub no. Nws ntseg tshwj xeeb compartments rau khaws cia moj warheads. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj nqis ntsoov teev yog cov kev cob qhia version nrog cov tsiaj ntawv "U" thiab "CS".

Kev sib piv nrog txawv teb chaws analogues

Feem ntau cov approximate mus rau lub specifications ntawm lub TU-95 yog American bomber B-36J thiab B-25H. Lub nominal hnyav thiab loj yog tsis muaj yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv. Txawm li cas los, lub Lavxias teb sab missile muaj ib tug nyob deb ntau dua average ceev: 830 km / h tiv tiag 700 km / h. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov TU-95 yog ntau dua kev sib ntaus los voos kheej-kheej thiab ntau yam. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, US analogues tswv yim qab nthab saum toj no txog 20% thiab ntau khab seeb cargo bay (7-8 tons). Traction motors kwv yees li sib npaug zos.